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1

Progress in MJ plasma focus research at IPPLM

Scholz M., Karpinski L., Krauz V. I., Kubeš P., Paduch M., Sadowski M. J.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 2

183-188

EN

The results of studies of the plasma dynamics and neutron emission on a PF-1000 facility in the stage of pinch formation are presented. The measurements were performed using various modifications of the calibrated magnetic probes, 16 frame interferometry, silver activation counters and photomultiplier tube (PMT) neutron probes. The current measurements at a distance of 40 mm from the axis of the electrodes was measured. This dependence agrees well with the known scaling, Yn similar to I4. The evolution plasma density during pinch formation and a neutron emission were study.

2

Magnetic field measurements on PF - 1000 and PF - 3 facilities: current sheath structure and neutron scaling

Krauz V. I., Mitrofanov K. N., Scholz M., Myalton V. V., Paduch M., Grabovskii E. V., Karpinski L., Koidan V. S., Vinogradov V. P., Vinogradova Y. V., Zielinska E.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 2

201-204

EN

The comparative analysis of the magnetic field distribution, the dynamics and structure of the plasma current sheath, and the neutron yield scaling in two largest plasma focus facilities, PF-3 and PF-1000 is done. The power-low dependence of the neutron yield on the current in the imploding plasma sheath has been demonstrated experimentally. For the first time the presence of the Bz magnetic field components is experimentally shown.

3

Interferometry of the plasma focus equipped with forehead cathode

Kubeš P., Klír D., Rezac K., Paduch M., Pisarczyk T., Scholz M., Chodukowski T., Kalinowska Z., Hitschfel J., Kortanek J., Kravárik J., Ivanova-Stanik I., Bienkowska B., Karpinski L., Zielinska E., Sadowski M. J., Tomaszewski K.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 2

189-192

EN

The PF-1000 plasma-focus facility in Warsaw, equipped with Mather-type coaxial electrodes working with a deuterium filling, was modified by the addition of a cathode disk in front of the anode front-plate at a distance of 3 cm. The plasma was diagnosed with temporal resolved interferometry and neutron diagnostics. The modified electrode configuration showed an increase of the current in the pinch phase and a decrease of the total neutron yield. The lower total neutron yield is caused by a lower energy of deuterons producing the observed neutrons and by a decrease of the velocity of transformations of the structures in the pinch column.

4

Measurements of electron and ion beams emitted from the PF-1000 device in the upstream and downstream direction

Kwiatkowski R., Skladnik-Sadowska E., Malinowski K., Sadowski M. J., Czaus K., Zebrowski J., Karpinski L., Paduch M., Scholz M., Garkusha I. E., Kubeš P.

Nukleonika

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2011

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Vol. 56, No. 2

119-123

EN

In this paper we report on measurements of the energy spectra and other properties of the electron and fast ion beams emitted in the upstream and downstream direction along the z-axis of a large plasma focus device PF-1000, that was operated at 21-27 kV, delivering 290–480 kJ pulse. Measurements of the electron beam (EB) properties were performed using a magnetic analyzer. Properties of the ion beams were measured by means of pinhole cameras equipped with PM-355 nuclear track detectors and placed at various angles (0, 60 and 180 centigrade) to the discharge axis. Measurements revealed a complex spatial structure of the fast ion beams. The ion measurements behind the PF-1000 collector proved that some fast deuterons are emitted also in the upstream direction. Measurements of the EBs emitted in the upstream and downstream direction revealed electron energies in the range from approximately 40 keV to approximately 800 keV. These spectra confirm that in localized regions within the PF-1000 plasma column there appear strong fields accelerating charged particles in different directions along the discharge axis.

5

Energy transformation in Plasma Focus discharge with wire and liner as a load

Kubeš P., Kravárik J., Klír D., Scholz M., Paduch M., Tomaszewski K., Karpinski L., Ryc L., Juha L., Krása J., Szydlowski A., Romanova V.

Nukleonika

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2002

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Vol. 47, nr 4

151-153

EN

We present the results of experiments focused on energy transformations during the implosion of the hydrogen current sheath towards an Al wire (120 ěm in diameter) positioned on the top of the inner electrode of the PF-1000 plasma focus facility at the IPPLM in Warsaw. A wire corona is formed at the current sheath impact and ~60 ns after the impact a soft X-ray pulse is emitted. Its spectrum contains AlVI-XII lines accompanied by their satellites. The amount of emitted energy is recorded by two filtered PIN diodes and thermoluminescent dosimeters and depends on symmetry of the current sheath and quality of the current sheath focus. The mean value of energy of keV photons emitted in the runs done without the wire (~1 J) is higher than the energy obtained with the wire (~0.4 J). A time delay between the impact of the current sheath and X-ray pulse, the plasma focus dynamics and soft X-ray emission are interpreted by an axial magnetic field generation and transformations.

6

Stabilizing of Z-pinch and Plasma Focus discharges due to thick wires

Kubeš P., Kravárik J., Paduch M., Tomaszewski K., Scholz M., Karpinski L., Szydlowski A., Bakshaev Y., Blinov P., Chernenko A. S., Gordeev E. M., Dan’ko S. A., Korolev V. D., Shashkov A., Tumanov V. I., Romanova V., Klír D.

Nukleonika

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2001

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Vol. 46, nr 1

5-7

EN

This paper presents the results of the diagnostics observing the impact of the plasma sheath imploded in megaamper Z-pinch or plasma focus devices onto the Al or C wires of 30-300 mi m in diameter fixed in the center axis. The discharges were operated with a maximum current of 1.5-3 MA at two devices, PF 1000 at IPFLM in Warsaw, and Stand 300 at RRC Kurchatov Institute in Moscow. At the plasma impact the 10-50 ns XUV pulse was emitted in K-shell lines from the ring or helical-like forms on the surface of the wire corona. The scenario of the production of the non-equilibrium intensities of the C and Al H-like and He-like lines is discussed considering fast transformation of magnetic field, electron beams acceleration, total ionization of the ions and fast recombination in dense and magnetized wire corona.

7

Neutron and fast ion emission from PF-1000 facility equipped with new large electrodes

Szydlowski M., Scholz M., Karpinski L., Sadowski M., Tomaszewski K., Paduch M.

Nukleonika

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2001

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Vol. 46, suppl. 1

61--64

EN

A PF-1000 facility was operated for the first time at an energy level of up to 1 MJ. The maximal emission of 2×1011 neutrons/shot was registered. Relatively low emission anisotropy was observed. Fast ion beams were generated only from shots performed at a low filling pressure (1-2 Torr).