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Novye principy proektirovania i ocenki naruznych ograzdauscich konstrukcij s ispol’zovaniem rekuperacii tepla i drugich technologij „aktivnogo” energosberezenia

Spiridonov A., Subin I., Achmarov T.

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

2015

nr 2(16)

84--94

V stat’e rassmotren principial’no novyj princip povysenia energeticeskoj effektivnosti naruznych ograzdauscich konstrukcij novogo pokolenia s rekuperaciej tepla, kotoryj mozno ispol’zovat’ v stroitel’nych konstrukciach kak stroascichsa, tak i rekonstruiruemych zdanij. Odnim iz novych perspektivnych resenij v etom napravlenii avlaetsa primenenie energoeffektivnych ventiliruemych ograzdauscich konstrukcij (EVOK) zdanij s sistemoj aktivnogo energosberezenia (SAE) s rekuperaciej tepla, pozvolauscich povysit’ uroven’ teplozascity i komfortnosti mikroklimata pomescenij pri znacitel’noj ekonomii topliwno-energeticeskich resursov. Osnovnoj princip dejstvia sistemy po rekuperacii transmissionnogo tepla (za scet teploperedaci i konvekcii) i radiacionnogo tepla (teplovoe izlucenie) zaklucaetsa v osoboj organizacii uslovij postuplenia potoka naruznogo vozducha i dal’nejsego prochozdenia ego cerez konstrukciu ograzdenia, а takze teplootrazenia s pomosc’u special’nych ekranov (avtonomnych ili v vide pokryvauscich sloev). V vozdusnom promezutke, na vchode vozdusnogo potoka, sozdaetsa ploskaa vozduznaa zavesa iz cholodnogo postupauscego vozducha, maksimal’no ochlazdauscaa poverchnosti, sloi, teplootrazauscie ekrany i gibkie svazi, kotorye peredaut teplo v atmosferu. Dla ocenki predlagaemych konstrukcij EVOK predlozeny (dopolnitel’no k suscestvuuscim) esce dva pokazatela – koefficient umen’senia teplovogo potoka i koefficient rekuperacii.

In the article essentially new principle of increase of energy efficiency of external envelopes of new generation with heat recovery, which can be used in construction designs both under construction and reconstructed buildings, is considered. One of new perspective decisions in this direction is application of the energy effective ventilated envelopes (EEVE) of buildings with the system of active energy saving (SAES) with recovery of heat, allowing to raise level of heat-shielding and comfort of microclimate of rooms at considerable economy of fuel and energy resources. The basic principle of action of system on recovery of transmission heat (at the expense of a heat transfer and convection) and radiation heat (thermal radiation) consists in the special organization of conditions of receipt of a stream of external air and its further passing through an envelope, and also heat reflections by means of special screens (autonomous or in the form of covering layers). In an air interval, on an entrance of an air stream, the flat air veil from the cold arriving air, most cooling surfaces, the layers heat reflecting screens and flexible communications, which transfer heat to the atmosphere is created. For an assessment of offered designs of EEVE two more indicators - coefficient of reduction of a thermal stream and recovery coefficient are offered (in addition to existing).