Purpose: Recently, the importance of the Internet for the functioning of many enterprises, including entire sectors of the national economy, has been growing. The reason for this is primarily the fact that e-commerce is developing at a very fast pace, which is related to the development of technology, knowledge and innovation. What's more, the changes taking place on the market resulted in the emergence of a completely new participant in the market game, a new type of consumer, hereinafter referred to as e-consumer, which is a specific group of entities using the offers available on electronic markets. E-consumer, using electronic commerce, facilitates the consumption process: identifying needs, looking for solutions, purchasing products and services, answering questions and solving problems. In this context, the aim of the study is to attempt to assess the use of e-commerce in the hotel industry by customers of four hotels based in the city Częstochowa. Design/methodology/approach: In order to achieve the aim of the study, a survey was conducted among 152 hotel customers. In the second place, the relationship between hotel management and e-commerce was examined using the 2 statistics, and to assess the strength of the relationship between the examined features, the T-Czuprow convergence was calculated. Findings: The study showed that the e-commerce enjoys intereset entrepreneurs, but also consumers, for whom it is an attractive and quick form of shopping. What's more, the study showed what factors are important when buying a hotel offer. Research limitations/implications: The conducted study is a pilot study, therefore it requires a deeper study of the issues. Not only due to the number of entities covered by the study, but also factors in the field of e-commerce management. Originality/value: The subject discussed in the study is a source of information for hotel managers, which aspects of e-commerce affect the decision to purchase an offer.
The aim of the paper is to present issues related to the implementation of innovative solutions in the field of occupational health and safety in the enterprise and in the position of quality controller. By presenting the instrumentation of the OHS management system and the "new approach" to issues related to the implementation of the PN-ISO 45001:2018-06 standard, it is possible to define a new paradigm of the management system also in occupational risk assessment. When discussing the effects and actions of arduous and harmful factors at a given workplace, the methods of occupational risk assessment and analysis should be specified.
The profession of a seller (especially in small grocery stores) does not enjoy a social respect. The reasons for this are, above all, low requirements, low salary and difficult working conditions. In addition, too little attention is paid in the literature to this profession from the point of view of safety and hazards at work. However, the problem of working conditions in the position of a salesman is an important issue concerning a very large number of people. The paper deals with this difficult topic by describing selected methods of ergonomic analysis and using them to assess occupational risk at the seller's workplace. In the paper, the results of the Ergonomic Checkpoint List, as well as the results of questionnaire surveys are presented. All the results are related to the possibility of proper identification and the probability of hazards occurrence in the position of a seller.
The regional development generates multiplier effects, causing the emergence and development of related sectors, subcontractors, and the regional services market, and contributing to the strengthening of the competitive position of the region. Export as an important factor of long-term growth may contribute to the reduction of development differences (income level) in the regions. The aim of this study was to discuss (on the basis of a literature review) a number of theories and concepts of development in the regional aspect. And also to discuss phase models of regional development.
The purpose of the paper is to present the issues of ensuring the safety of machinery and equipment in accordance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC of May 17, 2006 on the essential requirements for machines, with regard to the sphere of their import and distribution. This issue is related to the dynamically developing trade in cheaper new machines, mainly from countries outside the EEA (including China) and is a priority for ensuring safety and protecting the health and life of users of this type of equipment in accordance with EU regulations. The use of a variety of machines in industry, in addition to general safety requirements, which may also include quality criteria, care for the environment and industry-specific safety management requirements (e.g. food, automotive, medical devices).
In paper, the issues and the essence of labor protection in relation to EU and national legal standards in the field of machine safety have been presented. In the elaboration also, the requirements and selected issues of machine safety management in the sphere of their construction, production, distribution and operation have been defined. But above all, the general principles of hazard assessment and the technical measures applied to improve the safety of machines during their use have been presented.
In the paper, the problem and importance of maintaining an appropriate level of quality in relation to labor protection in the light of EU and national legal standards have been presented. Maintenance of machines and, consequently, stability in the field of process quality is identified on the basis of specific management requirements according the machinery safety in food industry, also with respect to the sphere of their construction, production, distribution, and in particular exploitation. The food industry on global markets is characterized by a large variety of consumers. Therefore, both needs and requirements can have a very wide range, also with regard to quality criteria, care for the natural environment, development of technologies as well as new products introduction. Trends defining dynamics and competition in the food industry include a large number of factors, that require effective management, e.g.: quality ingredients of foodstuffs, preparation of products, maximum product safety as a measure of quality, application of modern production technologies (fast filling and packaging installations). Care for the safety of machinery and equipment used in industry and food processing is a guarantee of manufacturing products of the highest nutritional quality for consumers. With regard to ensuring the safety and quality of food products, in the paper the general principles in risk assessment and the technical measures to improve the safety of machines during their use have been presented.
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