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Evaluating capillary threshold pressure in caprocks for carbon storage

Soomro Ahsan Nabi, Anioł Łukasz

Journal of Geotechnology and Energy

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2024

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Vol. 41, no. 2

5--9

EN

Increased CO2 emissions have resulted in extreme climatic variations and as the forecast is that the global temperature will hit its highest-ever level in the next five years. This comes at a time when there is an urgent need for effective and smooth means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Geological Sequestration of Carbon (GCS) is a new alternative: the effective and safe storage of CO2 underground. The most critical part of the process is the leakage assessment and geological formation safety as a long-term sink of CO2. Caprock is important in this process as an efficient long-time sequester for CO2, as it is more permeable to CO2 than geological reservoirs. Of all the other processes involved in trapping, the most effective in the immediate phase after the injection of CO2 is capillary trapping. The CO2 remains stored under the caprock until the critical pressure that initiates movement is achieved. Traditional methods, such as mercury intrusion porosimetry and core flooding experiments, do not tend to be replicated correctly in-situ and often complicate the process. Measurements made in such a manner usually overestimate threshold pressures for one of many reasons, be it late flow signal recognition in the low permeability of caprocks or incompletely saturated cores. For these purposes, in-situ-type novel equipment was developed for easy and direct capillary pressure measurement, core saturation, and effortless reproduction of in-situ conditions at higher pressures. This new technique measures the pressure in the outflow directly, so the values of threshold pressure it gives are very exact.

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The high-pressure sorptomat - a novel apparatus for volumetric sorption studies under isobaric high gas pressure conditions

Kudasik Mateusz, Anioł Łukasz, Skoczylas Norbert

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 4

607--620

EN

As part of the work the high-pressure sorptomat - a novel apparatus for sorption tests under conditions of high gas pressure was developed. The sorption measurement is carried out using the volumetric method, and the precise gas flow pressure regulator is used in the device to ensure isobaric conditions and regulate the sorption pressure in the range of 0-10 MPa. The uniqueness and high precision of sorption measurements with the constructed apparatus are ensured by the parallel use of many pressure sensors with a wide measurement range as well as high precision of measurement - due to the use of precise pressure sensors. The obtained results showed, i.a. that the time of reaching the isobaric conditions of the measurement is about 6-7 seconds and it is so short that it can be considered a quasi-step initiation of sorption processes. Moreover, the results of the measurement pressure stabilization tests, during the CO2 sorption test on activated carbon, have shown that the built-in pressure regulator works correctly and ensures isobaric sorption measurement conditions with the precision of pressure stabilization of ±1% of the measurement pressure. The maximum range of sorption measurement using the high-pressure sorptomat is 0-86 400 cm3/g, and the maximum measurement uncertainty is ±2% of the measured value. The activated carbon sample used for the tests was characterized by a high sorption capacity, reaching 104.4 cm3/g at a CO2 pressure of 1.0 MPa.

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Projekt i oprogramowanie obsługi oraz kontroli procesu produkcji z wykorzystaniem sterownika PLC oraz panelu operatorskiego

Anioł Łukasz

Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN

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2020

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T. 22, nr 1-4

87--92

PL

W artykule przedstawiono projekt obsługi oraz kontroli procesu produkcji z wykorzystaniem sterownika PLC i panelu operatorskiego HMI. Poruszono problem związany z automatyzacją procesów produkcyjnych. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na bezpieczeństwo w zakładach pracy, zwłaszcza przy wykonywaniu przez ludzi niebezpiecznych czynności. Pokazano sposób połączenia wszystkich elementów pneumatyki oraz elektroniki ze sterownikiem PLC oraz panelem HMI. Zaprezentowany został schemat poglądowy procesu produkcji wraz z algorytmem jego działania opartym na sterowniku PLC i panelu HMI.

XX

The article presents project to operation and control of the production process using the PLC controller and the HMI panel. Discussed about the problem related to the automation of production process. The rest of the article is devoted to safety in workplaces, especially when people perform dangerous activities. The article also show how connecting all elements with the PLC controller and the HMI panel. At the end of the article, an overview diagram of the production process is presented along with an operation algorithm based on the PLC controller and the HMI panel.