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1

Collection of hospital wastewater data using deduplication approaches

Khan N. A., Sinha G. R., Ahmed S., Feshchenko A., Changani F., Qureshi A., Mazhar M. A., Neklonskyi I.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 104, nr 1

5--18

EN

Purpose: This investigation aims to study the various approaches currently used to reduce the load on computer servers in order to better manage data on hospital wastewater treatment and solid waste generation. Design/methodology/approach: This manuscript investigates the taxonomies of deduplication procedures based on literature and other data sources, thereby presenting its classification and its challenges in detection. Findings: Based on the literature survey of deduplication techniques, the method of deduplication dispensed on cloud gadget devices has been found to be a promising research challenge. The gaps discussed include a reduction in storage space, bandwidth, type of disks used, and expenditure on energy usage and heat emissions when implementing these strategies. The art work on a scalable, robust, green and allocated approach to deduplication for a cloud gadget will remain of interest in destiny. Research limitations/implications: Considerable attention is focused on the deduplication due to efficient, extensive storage system. Practical implications: This research paper will be useful to identify deduplication techniques which are nowadays used in different hospital wastewater data collection systems and put significant proposals for further improvements in deduplication. Originality/value: This manuscript portrays a broader assessment of the available literature for data duplication along with the classification of different methods for the data storage used in the different level of storage of hospital wastewater data collection.

2

Revitalizing community with innovative redesign of Taha Hussein Memorial Park in Alexandria

Sharaf Eldin S., Ahmed S.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2018

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Nr 53

87--93

EN

Parks are complex elements of a city. They can serve scores of different uses, may be specialized in their function, or can simply provide visual appeal for residents. However they work and act to define the shape and feel of a city and its neighborhoods, they also function as a conscious tool for revitalization. Parks can upgrade the downturn of a commercial area, support the stabilization of faltering neighborhoods, and provide a landmark element and a point of pride for residents. Cultural landscape is an object of development as well as planning processes. Because of this fact a huge number of elements in urban or rural landscapes are important for preserving the historical character of a place. Moreover, nowadays they should be base for revitalization projects. The case study in this paper is an old park in Alexandria, Egypt, as an example from regional perspective. The paper analyzes cultural and natural potential of “Taha Hussein Park” in Alexandria through site observation and questionnaires. The obtained data analysis resulted in design decisions which were adapted to redesigning of the park. New functions for the memorial park which nowadays is notorious for crimes, physical deterioration, and social isolation, are demonstrated and discussed also from the sustainability point of view. Also, this paper not only sheds a new light on the understanding and reading of one of neglected green areas, but also contributes to the rethinking of the role of Urban Design today within our changing public life. It is a call for Alexandria’s residents and architects to enhance urban quality and city shape, and support the elements that are needed to make that happen.

PL

Parki są ważnymi przestrzeniami w każdym mieście. Mogą mieć różne funkcje lub po prostu zapewnić atrakcyjność wizualną mieszkańcom. Mają duży wpływ na klimat miasta i jego okolicy, pełniąc także funkcję narzędzia do rewitalizacji. Istnienie parku wpływa pozytywnie na rozwój obszaru, również zdegradowanego. Krajobraz kulturowy miasta jest również istotny na drodze rozwoju, a także procesów planowania urbanistycznego. Należy zwrócić uwagę na fakt, że wiele jego elementów wpływa bezpośrednio na szansę zachowania historycznego charakteru miejsca. Co więcej, obecnie powinny one być podstawą do projektów rewitalizacyjnych. Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy jednego z historycznych parków w Aleksandrii w Egipcie, zwanego „Taha Hussein”. Autorzy analizują jego kulturowy i naturalny potencjał wykorzystując wizje lokalne w terenie oraz wywiad. Uzyskane w ten sposób dane zaowocowały decyzjami projektowymi, które zostały uwidocznione w realizacji przebudowy parku. Nowe funkcje parku, który obecnie jest znany z przestępstw, degradacji i społecznej izolacji, jako przestrzeni pamięci są istotne również z punktu widzenia zrównoważonego rozwoju. Ten dokument nie tylko rzuca nowe światło na jeden z zaniedbanych terenów zielonych miasta, ale także przyczynia się do ponownego przemyślenia roli Urban Design dzisiaj, w naszym zmieniającym się życiu publicznym. Jest to wezwanie mieszkańców i architektów Aleksandrii do poprawy jakości przestrzeni urbanistycznych miasta oraz wsparcia wszelkich działań, które są niezbędne do osiągnięcia tego celu.

3

Dosimetric comparison of deep inspiration breath hold and free breathing technique in stereotactic body radiotherapy for localized lung tumor using Flattening Filter Free beam

Mani K. M., Bhuiyan Md. A., Alam Md. M., Ahmed S., Sumon M. A., Sengupta A. K., Rahman Md. S., Islam Md. S. M. A.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 24, Iss. 1

15--24

EN

Aim: To compare the dosimetric advantage of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for localized lung tumor between deep inspiration breath hold technique and free breathing technique. Materials and methods: We retrospectively included ten previously treated lung tumor patients in this dosimetric study. All the ten patients underwent CT simulation using 4D-CT free breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) techniques. Plans were created using three coplanar full modulated arc using 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) bream with a dose rate of 1400 MU/min. Same dose constraints for the target and the critical structures for a particular patient were used during the plan optimization process in DIBH and FB datasets. We intend to deliver 50 Gy in 5 fractions for all the patients. For standardization, all the plans were normalized at target mean of the planning target volume (PTV). Doses to the critical structures and targets were recorded from the dose volume histogram for evaluation. Results: The mean right and left lung volumes were inflated by 1.55 and 1.60 times in DIBH scans compared to the FB scans. The mean internal target volume (ITV) increased in the FB datasets by 1.45 times compared to the DIBH data sets. The mean dose followed by standard deviation (x̄ ± σx̄ ) of ipsilateral lung for DIBH-SBRT and FB-SBRT plans were 7.48 ± 3.57 (Gy) and 10.23 ± 4.58 (Gy) respectively, with a mean reduction of 36.84% in DIBH-SBRT plans. Ipsilateral lung were reduced to 36.84% in DIBH plans compared to FB plans. Conclusion: Significant dose reduction in ipsilateral lung due to the lung inflation and target motion restriction in DIBH-SBRT plans were observed compare to FB-SBRT. DIBH-SBRT plans demonstrate superior dose reduction to the normal tissues and other critical structures.

4

Multi-source energy networks for cargo Vessels

Ahmed S., Castellazzi A., Williams A.

Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 1, No. 4

37--43

EN

The paper discusses the feasibility of installing renewable energy generation technologies on sea-going transport, taking into account the additional weight and power consumption. This study in based on the power management of a 26,198 tonne commercial chemical tanker. The management system would aim at reducing the number of generators as well as the power required from burning fossil fuels. After a process of elimination of potential technologies based on feasibility of the project and shipboard application, the work is focused towards photovoltaic and wind energy generation in combination with fossil fueled engines and Li-ion battery storage covering the higher energy density needs, and the intermittent nature of renewables. The network architecture is optimized in order to have the highest efficiency, and reduced system weight. The results show that successful management of the system can lead to reduction in generator requirement, and energy despite the weight of extra installations of photovoltaic and wind energy generation systems. By reducing the number of generators and allowing each remaining one to operate near their maximum power, the specific fuel consumption is improved, the efficiency is increased, resulting in significant fuel and cost saving, along with the mass of fuel to be carried on-board.

5

Integrated filtering antenna with high selectivity band rejection for UWB applications

Alhegazi A., Zakaria Z., Shairi N., Salleh A., Ahmed S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2016

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R. 92, nr 9

224--228

EN

In this paper, a new design composed of an UWB monopole antenna integrated with bandstop filter (BSF) has been proposed. The bandstop filter is constructed by using a defected microstrip structure (DMS). The proposed design covers frequency bandwidth from 3 GHz to 14 GHz (129.5%), with single band rejection from 5.1 GHz to 5.8 GHz (12.8%). The new integration of filter and antenna shows a high level of rejection, wide impedance bandwidth, realized peak gain of 5.23 dB and stable omnidirectional azimuth pattern. Therefore, the proposed design is suitable to be used in reducing the possible interference problem for the UWB applications.

PL

W artykule opisano projekt anteny UWB ze zintegrowanym filtrem. Filtr został wykonany z wykorzystaniem struktury mikropaska . Antena umożliwia wykrywanie sygnałów w paśmie 3 – 14 GHz z możliwością usuwania pasma 5.1 – 5.8 GHz. Umożliwia to rozwiazywanie problemu interferencji fal.

6

Generation of shock waves in dense plasmas by high-intensity laser pulses

Pasley J., Bush I. A., Robinson A. P. L., Rajeev P. P., Mondal S., Lad A. D., Ahmed S., Narayanan V., Ravindra Kumar D, Kingham R. J.

Nukleonika

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2015

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Vol. 60, No. 2

193--198

EN

When intense short-pulse laser beams (I > 1022 W/m2, τ < 20 ps) interact with high density plasmas, strong shock waves are launched. These shock waves may be generated by a range of processes, and the relative significance of the various mechanisms driving the formation of these shock waves is not well understood. It is challenging to obtain experimental data on shock waves near the focus of such intense laser–plasma interactions. The hydrodynamics of such interactions is, however, of great importance to fast ignition based inertial confinement fusion schemes as it places limits upon the time available for depositing energy in the compressed fuel, and thereby directly affects the laser requirements. In this manuscript we present the results of magnetohydrodynamic simulations showing the formation of shock waves under such conditions, driven by the j × B force and the thermal pressure gradient (where j is the current density and B the magnetic field strength). The time it takes for shock waves to form is evaluated over a wide range of material and current densities. It is shown that the formation of intense relativistic electron current driven shock waves and other related hydrodynamic phenomena may be expected over time scales of relevance to intense laser–plasma experiments and the fast ignition approach to inertial confi nement fusion. A newly emerging technique for studying such interactions is also discussed. This approach is based upon Doppler spectroscopy and offers promise for investigating early time shock wave hydrodynamics launched by intense laser pulses.

7

Shaping the Stator Poles of BLDCPM Motor for Cogging Torque Reduction

Petkovska L., Lefley P., Cvetkovski G., Ahmed S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 2b

42--45

EN

Recently, the cogging torque in electric motors has been drastically decreased as designers and manufacturers have developed better understanding of the cogging phenomenon. The paper presents a design methodology for cogging torque reduction by an appropriate shaping of stator poles in a Brushless DC Permanent Magnet (BLDCPM) Motor. Cogging torque waveforms, along with other relevant characteristics are examined and a new stator poles design of the BLDCPM motor is proposed.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę projektowania bezszczotkowej maszyny DC z magnesami trwałymi (BLDCPM), z uwzględnieniem redukcji momentu zaczepowego poprzez odpowiednie ukształtowanie biegunów stojana. Analizie poddano charakterystyki samego momentu zaczepowego jak i innych, powiązanych z zagadnieniem parametrów. Zaproponowano także nowy projekt maszyny BLDCPM.

8

A New Design of Low Cost Energy Efficient Single Phase Brushless DC Motor

Cvetkovski G., Lefley P., Petkovska L., Ahmed S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 2

170-173

EN

In the past few years Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have proved to be a very powerful and reliable optimisation tool. They have also been successfully applied in the design optimisation of many electromagnetic devices. Therefore, in this paper the optimal design performed on the single phase permanent magnet brushless DC motor (SPBLDCM) is done by using a Genetic Algorithm. The objective function of the optimisation search is selected to be the efficiency of the motor and the design process is defined as a maximisation problem. Based on the values of some specific motor parameters, a comparative analysis of the improved motor and the initial motor design is performed. As an addition to the comparative analysis, a Finite Element Method modelling and analysis of both models is also performed.

PL

W ostatnich kilku latach algorytmy genetyczne staly się jednym z poważniejszych narzędzi w rozwiązywaniu problemów optymalizacji. Dotyczy to również optymalizacji licznych urządzeń elektromagnetycznych. W tym artykule pokazano zastosowanie algorytmu genetycznego w optymalizacji silnika jednofazowego z magnesem trwały w wykonaniu bezszczotkowym. Funkcją celu w procesie optymalnego projektowania jest efektywność silnika jako wartość maksymalna. Biorąc pod uwagę kilka specyficznych parametrów silnika przeprowadzono analizę porównawczą modeli optymalnego i początkowego, a także dla obu modeli przeprowadzono analizę pracy silnika metodą elementów skończonych.

9

A Host Based Autonomous Scheme for Seamless Vertical Handover

Hussain R., Malik S.A., Riaz R. A., Ahmed S., Shafiq G., Iqbal A., Abrar S., Khan S. A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 9b

314-318

EN

In this paper we suggest a host based, end-to-end selfreliant scheme for handover in heterogeneous network environment. It directly involves the correspondent node in the handover process. The proposed scheme imitates the Network Address Translation. It maps a logical address to another logical address. It modifies the address information in the header of the packet while it is in transition. In principle the process is identical to the NAT box operation, but the goal is different. While NAT is primarily used in conjunction with masquerading to hide the private IP address space, HaMAT works in conjunction with MIH and serves to hide the IP address change of the mobile node encountered due to the vertical handover. HaMAT is a functional entity just like Media Independent Handover Function, and it resides inside the Mobile Node and Correspondent Node. By eliminating the need for rerouting, tunneling and route optimization as required in Mobile IP, HaMAT achieves high performance results in terms of handover delay, end to end packet latency, jitter and the overhead involved. The service disruption time for HaMAT is as low as 10 msec compared to reported handover delays of 260 msec and 1 sec for MIPv4 and MIPv6 respectively.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano bazujący na hoście schemat przełączania typu handover w niejednorodnym środowisku sieciowym. Schemat imituje Network Address Translation i mapuje logiczny adres orasz modyfikuje nagłówek w pakiecie.

10

A new TLC densitometric method for stability assessment of modafinil

Faisal M. S., Naz Z., Shakeel F., Ahmed S., Kohli K., Khar R. K.

Chemia Analityczna

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2009

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Vol. 54, No. 1

77-88

EN

TLC densitometric method for simple and sensitive stability assessment of modafinil has -been developed. The objective was to provide a rapid, precise, robust, and reproducible technique for the analysis of modafinil. The method was validated for bulk drug and tablet , formulations. It could be used to separate the drug from its degradation products. The pro- cedure employed TLC aluminum plates precoated with 60F-254 silica gel as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of toluene-chloroform-methanol (1:1:0.5, v/v/v) 'o'o mixture. It provided well-resolved compact spots for modafinil (Rr value 0.46 š 0.01) and allowed for separation of the excipients and degradation products. Densitometric scanning interegation was performed at the wavelength of 220 nm. Calibration plot was linear , (r2 = 0.999) in the analyte concentration range 100-5000 ng per spot. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy recovery, precision, ruggedness, and specificity. The limit of detection and quantification were 20.54 ng per spot and 62.26 ng per spot, respectively. The determined drug content was within the š5% range of the labeled content. The drug was analyzed under different stress conditions in order to study its degradation in the presence of acid, base, and peroxide.

PL

Opracowano densytometryczną metodę TLC pozwalającą na proste i czułe badanie stabilności modafinilu. Opracowana technika była szybka, precyzyjna, odporna na warunki zewnętrzne i powtarzalna. Metodę zwalidowano dla substancji farmaceutycznej i tabletek. Można ją stosować do oddzielenia leku od produktów rozkładu. Jako fazę stacjonarną użyto żel krzemionkowy 60F-254 naniesiony na płytki aluminiowe. Fazę ruchomą stanowiła '"' mieszanina: toluen-chlorofbrm-metanol (1:1:0,5; v/v/v). Otrzymywano dobrze rozdzielone, zwarte plamki modafinilu (wartość Rf 0.46 š 0.01), oddzielone od substancji pomocniczych i produktów rozkładu. Skanowanie densytometryczne prowadzono przy długości fali 220 nm. Krzywa kalibracyjna miała charakter liniowy (r2 = 0,999) w zakresie stężeń analitu 100-5000 ng na plamkę. Metodę zwalidowano w zakresie liniowości, dokładności, odzysku, precyzji, odporności na czynniki zewnętrzne i specyficzności. Granica wykrywalności i oznaczalności ilościowej wynosiły odpowiednio 20,54 ng i 62.26 ng na plamkę. Oznaczana zawartość leku mieściła się w granicach š 5% ilości deklarowanej. Lek analizowano w różnych warunkach stresowych w celu zbadania jego degradacji w obecności kwasów, zasad i nadtlenków.

11

Mixing and flame holding characteristics in two-dimensional supersonic stream with perpendicular injection

Ali M., Ahmed S., Sadrul Islam A. K. M.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 13, no 1

5-20

EN

This paper reports the mixing of hydrogen in a supersonic airstream and the fIame holding capability of the combustion chamber. In particular, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations have been solved to see the effects of injector positions on mixing and fIame holding in a supersonic combustor. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-fIux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zeroequation algebraic turbulence model to ca1culate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The performance of combustor has been investigated by varying the distance of injector position from the left boundary keeping constant the backward-facing step height and other ca1culation parameters. The results show that the configuration for small distances of injector position has high mixing efficiency but the upstream recirculation cannot evolve properly which is an important factor for fIame holding capability. On the other hand, the configuration for very long distance has lower mixing efficiency due to lower gradient of hydrogen mass concentration on the top of the injector caused by the expansion of side jet both upstream and downstream of the injector. For moderate distances of injector position, large and elongated upstream recirculation can evolve which might be activated as a good flame holder.

12

Glucose monitoring, dynamics and feedback control

Rigby G.P., Ahmed S., Vadgama P.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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1999

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Vol. 19, no. 2

77-86

EN

Normal physiological changes in glucose exhibit both ultradian and diurnal variation with superimposed low amplitude biphasic cyclic fluctuation. Attempts to mimie the natural pancreatic response by use of integrated artificial biofeedback systems have presented a complex problem. Although several complete and partial control models have been developed for predictive therapy regimens, these are most suited to advisory roles and would prove inadequate and possibly dangerous if relied up on implicitly. Over the past decade many researchers have driven forward the development of real-time monitoring sensors deviees but in the majority of cases excessive time delays resultant from sampling delays or restrictive implant sites have compromised the efficiency of feedback performance. Ideally the use of non-invasive technology as provided by infrared based deviees holds most promise for continuous, painless monitoring but the technology is still in its infancy. More secure for current use are enzyme based biosensors, notably a recently modified implantation strategy, incorporating fluid microflow into tissue.

PL

Stężenie glukozy we krwi wykazuje fizjologiczne wahania, podlegając nakładającym się niskoamplitudowym dwufazowym fluktuacjom w cyklach 24-godzinnym i krótszych. Próba naśladowania naturalnej odpowiedzi trzustki na stężenie glukozy za pomocą złożonych, opartych na biologicznym sprzężeniu zwrotnym, sztucznych systemach, okazała się skomplikowanym zagadnieniem. Chociaż opracowano kilkanaście pełnych i częściowych modeli przeznaczonych do przewidywania wyników terapii, to, są one raczej dostosowane do pełnienia funkcji doradczych. Bezpośrednie oparcie się na nich w leczeniu byłoby nieodpowiednie i potencjalnie niebezpieczne. W ciągu ostatniego dziesięciolecia wielu badaczy podejmowało próby opracowania czujników monitorujących stężenie glukozy w czasie rzeczywistym, ale w większości przypadków nadmierne opóźnienia wynikające z opóźnień próbkowania lub ograniczeń związanych z miejscem wszczepienia, zmniejszały efektywność realizacji pomiaru zamykającego pętlę sprzężenia zwrotnego, Zastosowanie technologii nieinwazyjnej, oferowanej przez urządzenia wykorzystujące promieniowanie podczerwone, jest najbardziej obiecujące dla realizacji ciągłego, bezbolesnego pomiaru stężenia glukozy, ale technologia ta jest wciąż w stadium początkowym. Obecnie pewniejsze są bioczujniki enzymatyczne, zwłaszcza po ostatnich modyfikacjach strategii implantacji, polegających na wprowadzeniu mikro przepływu dotkankowego.