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Zawartość minerałów FeNi w chondrytach H jako wskaźnik zasobności pozaziemskich skał rudonośnych w wybrane metale

Blutstein K., Przylibski T. A., Łuszczek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 12

776--784

EN

Extraterrestrial resources should be the basic sources of materials for the development of humankind civilization in space as well as they could replace the Earth’s resources when they would be exhausted. They can be obtained from the planets, their moons or asteroids, primarily NEOs but also from the asteroid belt. This article presents the results of petrographic research on the content of FeNi minerals whose may be a source of iron and nickel, in H type ordinary chondrites: Pułtusk, Cher- gach, Tamdakht, Gao-Guenie andNWA 4555, which parent body is probably the 6Hebe. The results confirm that the volumetric abundance of FeNi minerals in H type chondrites is ca. 8%. Moreover, this study shows the reliability of the reflected-light optical microscopy for determination of ore mineral concentrations in extraterrestrial rocks with weathering grade W0. Taking into account the homogenous spatial distribution of metallic grains (proved by author’s microscopic observations) and knowing the amount of FeNi minerals in rocks with Hchondrite composition, the amount of potential FeNi resources on Hparent bodies can be calculated. It was estimated that the iron resources from Hebe’s FeNi minerals would cover 1.3 million years of terrestrial mining production whereas nickel resources would last for approx. 100 milion years. A small NEO asteroid like (143624) 2003 HM16 (2 km in diameter) has resources comparable with 15 months of mining iron production and over 100 years of nickel production at present rate.

2

Wyniki badań mineralogicznych i petrologicznych nowych okazów meteorytu Pułtusk w 150 rocznicę spadku

Przylibski T. A., Łuszczek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 6

368--378

EN

One of the largest observed stone meteorite shower in the history of mankind on Earth took place on Thursday evening on January 30, 1868, about seven o’clock near Pułtusk in Poland. Despite the 150th anniversary of the fall of chondrite officially classified as Pułtusk H5 with a shock stage S3 there is still little published data on the chemical composition of minerals of this chondrite as well as its petrological characteristics in the literature. The authors carried out mineralogical and petrological research that will help a little to fill this gap in knowledge about the Pułtusk chondrite. Meteorite specimens found by Piotr Kuś in 2015 and investigated by the authors are undoubtedly part of the Pułtusk fall of January 30, 1868. They can be classified as ordinary chondrite H5, S2,W2. The authors stated that the studied rock is characterized by a varied shock level -from S1 to S2/3, as well as it contains chondrules of the chromite-plagioclase unequilibrated rock. In the composition of the examined fragment of Pułtusk chondrite, the authors identified silicates: olivine, diopside, bronzite and clinohyperstene, and oligoclase, oxides: chromite (and spinel), sulfides: troilite, FeNi alloy mineral phases: kamacite and taenite, as well as phosphates: merrilite and apatite. The chemical composition of olivine crystals as well as low- and high-Ca pyroxenes crystals and plagioclase crystals (about the composition of oligoclase) confirms that the examined specimen comes from the Pułtusk fall and it is a rock that should be classified as a petrographic type H5.

3

Skład gazów rozpuszczonych w wodzie termalnej eksploatowanej odwiertem KT-1 w Karpnikach na obszarze granitu karkonoskiego w Sudetach

Przylibski T. A., Żak S., Kowalska A., Domin E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 8

483--494

EN

The detailed research of a gas mixture released from the thermal water, which is extracted from borehole KT-1 at Karpniki, showed the predominance of nitrogen (98.08% by volume) with subordinate Ar (1.52%) and He (0.32%) and trace amounts of CO2 (0.07%) and CH4 (0.01%). The 222Rn radionuclide is also dissolved in this water, showing an activity concentration of 245 Bq/dm3 at the outflow and 256 Bq/dm3 in the aquifer. A small value of the gas exponent (0.014), and also a value of the δ coefficient close to 1 (0.93) were calculated based on the dissolved Ar and N2 content in the water examined, as well as on concentrations of argon and nitrogen in water, assuming that atmospheric air is present above the water surface with a contemporary composition and under normal pressure. The data obtained indicate that these gases and additionally CO2 and CH4 are of atmospheric origin. These gases were either dissolved in rainwater, which infiltrated deep into the Karkonosze granite massif, orformed within the organic layer covering this exposed intrusion. This is evidenced by concentrations of these gases that can be comparable to their atmospheric equivalents. Helium is a radiogenic gas formed as a result of nuclear transformation of isotopes assigned to natural radioactive series. The radiogenic and also radioactive gas is represented by the 222Rn radioisotope which is released from reservoir rocks, in an amount of 5% of the atom poolforming in the reservoir rock, into thermal water that subsequently reaches borehole KT-1 from a distance of 34 m at most. The thermal paleoinfiltration water has been heated up as a result of the conduction, and the source of heat is the temperature of the rocks resulting from an average geothermal gradient of 2.96°C per 100 m. The results of the authors’research indicate that there are no traces of inflow of hotfluids (especially water) from the deeper layers of the crust or from the mantle. If the examined thermal water is considered as paleoinfiltration water, its static resources may be limited, non-renewable.

4

Northwest Africa 7915: A New approved LL5 chondrite from Morocco

Brawata M., Kryza R., Jakubowski T., Przylibski T. A., Ćwiąkalski J., Łuszczek K.

Meteorites

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2014

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Vol. 3, No. 1-2

45--58

EN

A 415 g single meteorite was purchased in 2010 by T. Jakubowski from a dealer in Morocco. The meteorite was isometric in shape, ca. 8 cm in size, with distinct regmaglypts on the original ablated surface, and covered mostly in primary crust with one broken surface. The weight of the sample studied was 69 g. The meteorite is composed of several types of chondrules including porphyritic-Ol-Px, barred-Ol, radial-Px, granular and cryptocrystalline with distinct and diffused (not sharp) boundaries, and opaque grains and aggregates, enclosed in a very fine-grained matrix. The average compositions of minerals are: olivine (both in chondrules and matrix) − Fo70.4Fa29.1Te0.5, pyroxenes, represented by Mg-Fe (Ca-poor) orthopyroxene (and minor clinopyroxene?) − En73.9Fs24.1Wo2.0, feldspars (small in the matrix and in barred chondrules), with An12-37, and Or~3-4, taenite − Fe 70.80, Ni 25.50 and Co 1.67 wt. %, troilite − Fe0.98S1.00, chromite (Fe2+ 0.96Mg0.12Mn0.01Zn0.01) (Cr1.52Al0.23Fe3+ 0.02Ti0.10Si0.02)O4; altered accessory minerals including apatite and iron-rich secondary phases have also been identified and analyzed. The meteorite is of petrologic type 5, as evidenced by the observed recrystallization of the matrix, relatively good preservation of the chondrule structures, homogeneous composition of olivine and pyroxene, and the presence of only secondary small feldspar grains. The shock stage, S2, is based on the presence of undulatory extinction and irregular fractures in olivine crystals. The weathering grade, W3, is confirmed by the observation that kamacite is totally altered into secondary iron phases, whereas Nirich taenite, and troilite are only partly weathered. The specimen shows many bulk- and mineral-chemical parameters corresponding, mostly, to the LL chondrite group (e.g., Fe/SiO2 0.49, SiO2/MgO 1.62, Fa in olivine 29.05). However, concentrations of several other elements, including REE, are not fully consistent with the average values for the LL ordinary chondrites. Apparently, the parent body of the studied NWA 7915 meteorite was depleted in Dy, Tm, and Yb, compared to typical LL-type ordinary chondrite parent bodies. Also, relatively high concentrations of other elements, including Ba and Sr, have been measured, which may result from terrestrial weathering in hot desert conditions. The meteorite has been classified as LL5 ordinary chondrite, S2, W3, and registered in the Meteoritical Society database as NWA 7915. The type specimen is deposited in the Mineralogical Museum of the University of Wrocław.

5

Thermophysical properties of the Sołtmany meteorite

Szurgot M., Wach R. A., Przylibski T.A.

Meteorites

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2012

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Vol. 2, No. 1-2

53--65

EN

Bulk density, porosity and thermophysical properties of the Sołtmany meteorite have been determined. The mean bulk density of the meteorite is 3.475‧103kg/m3, mean bulk density of the crust is 4.3‧103 kg/m3, grain density 3.71‧103 kg/m3, and porosity 6.4 ±} 0.4%. Mean specific heat capacity determined by DSC in temperature range between 223 and 823 K increases from 595 to 1046 J/(kg‧K), and is equal to 728 J/(kg‧K) at room temperature. Specific heat capacity of various samples is in the range 705–769 J/(kg‧K) at room temperature. Thermal capacity of Sołtmany chondrite is equal to 2.53‧106 J/(m3‧K), thermal diffusivity (1.5–1.8)‧10-6 m2/s, and thermal conductivity 3.9–4.5 W‧m–-1‧K-1at room temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed two reversible phase transitions in the Sołtmany’s troilite: α/β transition at 423 K, and β/γ transition at 596.6 K.

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Bulk chemical composition of Sołtmany chondrite

Przylibski T. A., Łuszczek K.

Meteorites

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2012

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Vol. 2, No. 1-2

31--37

EN

The authors examined the bulk chemical composition of the Sołtmany chondrite which fell on April 30th, 2011 in Northern Poland. Based on the analysis of 47 elements, it was concluded that Sołtmany is representative of L-type of ordinary chondrites. However, compared to the average values observed in other L-type ordinary chondrites, Sołtmany displays higher content of Ni, P, Cd, Pb, and As. The Ni and P content closely resembles typical values for H-type ordinary chondrites. Furthermore, Sołtmany displays other distinct properties including very low Zn content and lower contents of Mo and Zr than the average values found in other L-type ordinary chondrites. Consistent with other L-type ordinary chondrites, the absolute content of REE in Sołtmany is higher than that of CI-type carbonaceous chondrites while the REE trend lines for both Sołtmany and CI-chondrites are similar. Due to similar times of year of when both falls took place and the proximity of their strewn fields, the chemical composition of Sołtmany was compared with that of Jesenice, an L6 ordinary chondrite which fell on April 9th, 2009 in Europe. The analysis led to a conclusion that Sołtmany and Jesenice are not launch-paired. Nevertheless, even though they do not represent fragments of the same meteoroid, their origin on a common parent body (an asteroid – planetesimal) cannot be conclusively ruled out on the sole basis of their bulk chemical composition.

7

Primitive enstatite achondrites

Pilski A. S., Przylibski T. A., Łuszczek K.

Meteorites

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2011

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Vol. 0, No. 0

9-21

EN

Conclusions drawn from the breadth of analytical data on primitive achondrites and enstatite chondrites paired with results of research performed by the authors have led the authors to propose the establishing of a new group of meteorites: primitive enstatite achondrites. The group is defined as the residual remaining after the partial melting of their protolith, which, in the case of primitive enstatite achondrites, is the parent body of enstatite chondrites. In this article are characterized textural features and characteristics of their mineral, chemical, and isotopic composition. The most important of these defining features are the presence of relic chondrules and/or triple junctions of crystal faces, as well as characteristic atomic and molar ratios of main elements: Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and Ca, and particularly the molar ratios Fe/Mn and Fe/Mg. Another important characteristic is the isotopic composition of entrained noble gases, especially ratios of the heaviest of the isotopes and oxygen isotopes, whose values should be close to that typical for enstatite chondrites. It seems likely that the first meteorite to be classified as primitive enstatite achondrite will be the Zakłodzie enstatite achondrite.

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Uranium, radium and radon isotopes in selected brines of Poland

Kozłowska B., Walencik A., Przylibski T. A., Dorda J., Zipper W.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 4

519-522

EN

Natural radioactive isotopes were studied in nine different types of brines from four locations in Poland. Investigated brines are exploited from various geological structures composed of the rocks of different chemical and mineral composition as well as different age and depth. All investigated brines are used in balneotherapy (i.e. baths, inhalations, showers). The main goal of this study was to obtain some basic knowledge on the activity range of natural elements such as uranium, radium and radon in different brine types in Poland and their variability depending on their location in certain geological structures. Activities of 234,238U, 226,228Ra and 222Rn isotopes were measured with the use of two nuclear spectrometry techniques: liquid scintillation and alpha spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 222Rn vary from below 1 to 76.1 plus or minus 3.7 Bq/l, for the 226Ra isotope from 0.19 plus or minus 0.01 to 85.5 plus or minus 0.4 Bq/l and for 228Ra from below 0.03 to 2.17 plus or minus 0.09 Bq/l. For uranium isotopes, the concentrations are in the range from below 0.5 to 5.1 plus or minus 0.4 mBq/l for 238U and from 1.6 plus or minus 0.4 to 45.6 plus or minus 2.0 mBq/l for 234U. The obtained results indicate high radium activity concentrations corresponding to high mineralization of waters.

9

Natural radioactivity of groundwater from the Przerzeczyn-Zdrój Spa

Walencik A., Kozłowska B., Przylibski T. A., Dorda J., Zipper W.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 2

169-175

EN

The present authors performed investigations of natural radioactivity in groundwater from the Przerzeczyn- -Zdrój Spa. Some of the waters are regarded as medical and are used for balneological purposes. Samples from seven groundwater intakes were collected 5 times over a period of 8 years (1999–2007). In order to obtain necessary data, two different nuclear spectrometry techniques were applied: α spectrometry and liquid scintillation spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 222Rn varied in the range from 15±2 Bq/l to 154±22 Bq/l. The results of activity concentrations of 226,228Ra varied from below 10 mBq/l to 30±1.5 mBq/l and from below 30 mBq/l to 60±4 mBq/l, respectively. Activity concentration lower than minimum detectable activity (MDA) was obtained for 3 samples for 226Ra and 4 for 228Ra determinations out of 7 investigated samples. The uranium content in the studied samples was determined once and the value ranged from 4.5±0.6 mBq/l to 13.6±1.2 mBq/l for 238U and from 17.1±0.9 mBq/l to 52.2±2.8 mBq/l for 234U. All obtained values for uranium isotopes showed activity concentrations above MDA. The activity ratios 234U/238U, 222Rn/226Ra and 226Ra/238U and the correlations between different isotopes concentrations were evaluated.

10

Intercomparison of radon CR-39 detector systems conducted in CLOR's calibration chamber

Mamont-Cieśla K., Stawarz O., Karpińska M., Kapała J., Kozak K., Grządziel D., Chałupnik S., Chmielewska I., Olszewski J., Przylibski T. A., Żebrowski A.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 4

589-593

EN

Six radon laboratories, which perform indoor radon measurements to jointly investigate temporal variations of radon concentration in houses in a couple of regions in Poland, participated in the intercomparison exercise. There are involved three commercially available Hungarian RadoSys systems and four own laboratory methods. All of them are based on the etched-track CR-39 detectors. The intercomparison was conducted in a calibration laboratory of the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR), Warsaw, Poland, accredited by the Polish Center for Accreditation (previously AP 101, at present AP 057). Comparison measurements were performed during three expositions in the CLOR’s radon calibration chamber under controlled normal climatic conditions and steady radon concentration. The results were referred to the value of the radon concentration determined by AlphaGUARD monitor traceable to the primary 222Rn standard in Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunchweig, Germany. The mean performance ratio defined as a ratio of the reference to participant’s result range from 0.88 to 1.31.

11

Potencjalnie lecznicze wody radonowe Masywu Ślęży

Przylibski T. A., Fijałkowska L., Bielecka A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 8/2

763-771

EN

The authors have conducted research on radon occurrence in the groundwater system of Ślęża Massif in the Fore-Sudetic block. The research included documenting occurrence of radon waters in the granitoids of Strzegom-Sobótka Massif, buildingNWandWslopes of Ślęża. Among several springs flowing out from the granitoids and their waste, the Klasztorne Spring is characterized by constant radon (222Rn) concentration (306 ±39 Bq/dm3), but also constant though small discharge during the year, which enables estimating the admissible volume of this spring at 0.3 m3/h. The results obtained during the research show that this water can be treated as potentially medicinal. It generates the opportunity for the nearby town of Sobótka to develop as a health resort. Confirming the presence of radon groundwater in the granitoid part of Ślęża Massif implies a great probability that such w occur in the whole area of the Strzegom-Sobótka intrusion. It opens possibilities of recognizing new resources of potential therapeutic water and entails the necessity to take suitable actions for radiological protection of people living in this area.

12

Radon w środowisku wód podziemnych i górnej części litosfery

Przylibski T.A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2002

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[Z] 56, 11-12

1003-1033

EN

The article outlines the geochemistry of the only radioactive noble gas, with a special focus on the environments with its highest concentrations - upper lithosphere and groundwaters. The text is based on a review of several hundred works written in the last few decades and on the author’s own research. Special emphasis has been put on the genesis of radon and its migration in these environments, with the dominant role of physical processes, in contrast to almost complete chemical passivity of this element. Another discussed issue is the special significance of the physico-chemical properties of the medium and the centre for radon migration process. What has been also stressed is the significance of the amount and the mode in which radium parent isotopes occur in the environment for the genesis of radon, as well as the importance of half-life, especially that of 222Rn nuclide, for the possibility of its long-distance migration. The description of radon geochemistry provided a basis for the presentation of the most important and the commonest applications of this element as a natural tracer of processes occurring in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and on the borders of these geospheres. Currently conducted research, aimed at getting more profound knowledge of radon geochemistry, will enable its far better and commoner application as a natural radioactive tracer of many processes occurring in the environment. It will also provide a basis for much more effective radiological protection, related to the most important property of this ubiquitous gas - its radioactivity, as well as enable more effective employment of its medicinal (though still disputed) effect on the human organism.

13

Wstępne wyniki badań koncentracji radu i radonu w wodach podziemnych i powierzchniowych górnej części zlewni Kamienicy (Masyw Śnieżnika, Sudety)

Przylibski T. A., Staśko S., Szczepanowski S., Modelska M., Dorda D., Kozłowska B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 5

436-440

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wstępne wyniki oznaczeń stężeń radioaktywnych izotopów: 222Rn oraz 226Ra i 228Ra w wodach podziemnych i powierzchniowych górnej części zlewni Kamienicy. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na wyraźne zróżnicowanie czasowe i przestrzenne wartości stężeń tych izotopów. Jest więc prawdopodobne, że po uzyskaniu większej ilości danych możliwe stanie się przetestowanie zastosowania wymienionych izotopów radonu i radu, jako znaczników stref mieszania się wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych na badanym obszarze. Możliwe będzie wówczas także zastosowanie tych izotopów jako wskaźników drenażu płytkiego (lokalnego) lub głębszego zbiornika wód podziemnych w skałach krystalicznych Masywu Śnieżnika. Zanotowane wysokie wartości stężeń radonu, dochodzące do 1662 Bq/dm3, w wodach podziemnych tego rejonu pozwalają uznać te wody za posiadające właściwości lecznicze. Obszar górnej części zlewni Kamienicy może być brany pod uwagę jako perspektywiczne złoże radonowych wód leczniczych.

EN

The paper presents preliminary results of concentration determinations of radioactive isotopes 222 Rn, 226Ra and 228Ra ir. surface and underground waters of the upper part of the Kamienica drainage basin. The obtained results reveal evident temporal and spatial diversity in concentrations of these isotopes. It is then probable that obtaining more data will enable testing the application of these radon and radium isotopes as tracers of mixing zones of surface and underground waters in the study area. It will be also possible to use these isotopes as indicators of drainage of shallow (local) or deeper groundwater reservoir in crystalline rocks of the Śnieżnik Massif. The recorded high values of radon concentrations, reaching 1662 Bq/dm3 in underground waters of this area allow to regard these waters as possessing medicinal properties. The area of the upper part of the Kamienica drainage basin may be thus considered a prospective deposit of radon medicinal waters.

14

Radon w powietrzu jaskiń i innych podziemnych obiektów turystycznych

Przylibski T.A.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały

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2002

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Vol. 102, nr 29

167-179

PL

Radon gromadzi się we wszelkich podziemnych próżniach, a często jego koncentracje w powietrzu różnych obiektów podziemnych sięgają kilkuset kBq/m3. Największą rolę w dostarczaniu radonu do takich obiektów odgrywają otwarte szczeliny, uskoki i spękania skal najbliższego otoczenia obiektu. Istotna jest także zawartość macierzystego dla 222Rn, nuklidu 226Ra w tych skalach. O zmianach stężeń radonu w takim obiekcie, tak w czasie, jak i w przestrzeni decyduje przede wszystkim proces wentylacji. Jeśli jest on intensywny wahania stężeń radonu są nieregularne, a ich wartości z reguły niskie. W przypadku słabej wymiany powietrza z atmosferą występują okresowo wysokie koncentracje radonu oraz ich sezonowe zmiany. W okresie cieplejszym roku występują stężenia najwyższe, natomiast stężenia minimalne notowane są zimą. Wobec niewielkiej liczby podziemnych obiektów turystycznych w Polsce objętych badaniami występowania w ich powietrzu radonu wydaje się koniecznym prowadzenie dalszych badań w tym kierunku. Wynikiem tych prac powinny być także propozycje regulacji prawnych dotyczących narażenia radiacyjnego pracowników takich obiektów, podobnie jak to ma miejsce w innych państwach, zgodnie z wytycznymi organizacji międzynarodowych.

EN

Radon accumulates in all kinds of underground vacuums and its concentrations in the air of various underground formations can reach several hundred kBq/m3. The most important role in supplying radon to such formations is played by open fissures, faults and cracks in the rocks in the closest neighbourhood of such structures. What is also vital is the content of 222Rn parent nuclide, 226Ra, in these rocks. Temporal and spatial changes in radon concentrations in such structures are determined most of all by the ventilation process. If it is intensive, the oscillations in radon concentrations are irregular, and their values are usually low. In the case of weak air exchange with the atmosphere, one can observe periodically high radon concentrations and their seasonal changes. The highest concentrations occur in the warmer season of the year, and the minimum concentrations are recorded in winter. As only a few underground tourist structures in Poland are currently examined for the occurrence of radon in their air, it seems necessary to conduct further research in this direction. These investigations should also result in proposing legal regulations concerning the radiation exposure of people employed in such formations, likewise it is done in other countries, according to the directives of the international organisations.

15

Comparative analysis of the Baszkówka and Mt. Tazerzait chondrites: genetic conclusions based on astrophysical data and the mineralogical and petrological data

Pilski A. S., Przylibski T. A., Zagożdżon P. P.

Geological Quarterly

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2001

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Vol. 45, No 3

331-342

EN

The L5 chondrites Baszkówka and Mt. Tazerzait are characterised. Their astronomical, mineralogical and petrological characteristics confirm that these meteorites are similar. They could be derived from the same parent body, though from the different depths below its surface. A third meteorite - the Tjerebon - might have arisen from the same swarm of meteoroids. The parent body to these meteorites in the asteroid belt can not be established at present. The porosity, of these chondrites suggests that they formed close to the surface of their parent asteroid. The process of formation of the parent rock of the Baszkówka chondrite is similar in some respects to sedimentation of a weakly compacted terrestrial sandstone. Thus, a two-stage geological history may be envisaged: firstly formation of the component minerals and mineral aggregates of this meteorite. Then, later in a different environment, the accretion of fragments of this parent material, together with a small amount of matrix, into a strongly porous sedimentary rock.

16

Pseudometeoryt Jawor

Przylibski T. A., Zagożdżan P. P.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały

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2000

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Vol. 87, nr 28

79-91

PL

Na podstawie badań makroskopowych, mikroskopowym w świetle przechodzącym i odbitym oraz badań chemicznych, również w mikroobszarze, a także mineralogicznych odrzucono hipotezę o pozaziemskim pochodzeniu okazu znanego jako meteor Jawor. Przeczy temu zbyt niska zawartości niklu, zbyt wysoka zawartość miedzi, obecność para genez siarczkowych charakterystycznych dla ziemskich zlóż rud miedzi oraz brak figur Widmanstatterna i lini Neumanna, na podstawie materiałów archiwalnych i prac porównawczych ustalono, że pseudometeor Jawor jest w rzeczywistości bryła żelaza odzielającego się w końcowym etapie precesu obróbki termicznej rudy Cu od tzw. kamienia miedziowego. Powstał on w drugiej połowie XiX w. w hucie w Leszczynie.

EN

After macroscipic observation, microscopic examination in transmitted and reflected light chamical analyses also in microscope, and mineralogical examination of the specimen known as "Jawor meteorite", the hypothesis of its extraterrestrial origin has been rejected. It is negated by too low content of mickel, too high amount of copper, the presence of sulphide parageneses characteristic of terrestrial copper deposit and the absence of Widmanstatten figures and Neuman lines. On the basis of archival materials and comparative studies it has been found out tha jawor pseudometeorite is actually a lump of iron separated from "copper stone" in the final stage of the heat treatment process. It was formed in a foundary in Leszczyna in the second half of the 19 th centaury.

17

Pozorna zależność zmian stężeń radonu -222 w wodzie od zmian wydajności ujęć wód leczniczych Świeradowa Zdroju (Sudety)

Przylibski T. A., Liber-Madziarz E.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały

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2000

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Vol. 87, nr 28

69-77

PL

Radon-222 jest istotnym składnikiem uznawanych za leczniczy w podziemnych wodach słabo zmineralizowanych i szczawach Świeradowa Zdroju. Jego geneza związana jest ze skałami najbliższego sąsiedztwa ujęć - granitognejsami i leukogranitami. Próba skorelowania wydajności ujęć ze stężeniami radonu w wodach tych ujęć wykazała, że zmiany ilości wód w systemie płytkiego krążenia nie wpływają na zmiany stężeń radonu w badanych wodach leczniczych Świeradowa Zdroju. Zanotowane zależności pomiędzy wydajnością ujęć 1A i 2P, a zawartością radonu-222 w wypływających szczawach są wynikiem zmian udziału płytkich wód radonowych w mieszaninie ze szczawami głębokiego krążenia.

EN

Radon-222 is the essential component recognized as currative in slightly mineralized groundwaters and acidulous waters of Świeradów Zdrój. It's origin is related to the rocks of the closest neighborhood of the intakes - granite - gneisses and leucogranites. An attempt of correlation discharge of the intakes with a radon concentration in their waters proves that the changes of water volume in shallow circulation system have no influence on radon concentration changes in the investigated medicinal waters of Świeradów Zdrój. The noted dependences between the discharge of 1A and 2P intakes and radon-222 concentration in acidulous waters flowing out from these boreholes are the result of the of changes of shallow circulation waters in the mixture with acidulous waters of deep circulation.

18

Size estimation and protection of the areas supplying radon to groundwater intakes

Przylibski T.A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2000

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Vol. 26, no.1

55--71

EN

The paper characterises the method of estimating the size of the areas supplying radon to radon groundwater intakes. It is presented on the example of the intakes of radon groundwaters and radon acidulous waters of Lądek Zdrój, Świeradów Zdrój and Kowary. The results of appropriate calculations prove that the volume of rocks supplying radon to the groundwaters of particular intakes oscillates from over ten to several hundred thousand cubic metres. Considering the depth of the zone where radon saturation of these waters takes place, the area supplying this gas to particular intakes varies from several hundred to several thousand square metres. The largest areas of radon-222 supply are characteristic of the most discharge springs, while the smallest ones belong to the springs of low discharge, especially the intakes of groundwater mixture, where only one component supplies large quantities of radon-222. The recharge areas of groundwaters in which radon is dissolved are usually quite remote from the intakes and are not identical with the areas supplying these waters with radon-222. Currently, it seems to be important to extend slightly the existing zones of direct protection of the intakes, which could entirely safeguard the reserves of radon-222 through the protection of natural effective rock porosity in the area supplying the intakes with this gas.

PL

W pracy scharakteryzowano metodę szacowania wielkości obszarów zasilania radonem ujęć podziemnych wód radonowych. Jako przykładowe wybrano ujęcie wód radonowych i szczaw radonowych Lądka Zdroju, Świeradowa Zdroju i Kowar. W wyniku przeprowadzonych obliczeń wykazano, że objętość skał zasilających radonem wody podziemne poszczególnych ujęć waha się w granicach od kilkunastu do kilkuset tysięcy metrów sześciennych. Po uwzględnieniu głębokości strefy nasycenia tych wód radonem obszar zasilania ujęć tym gazem ma powierzchnię od kilkuset do kilku tysięcy metrów kwadratowych. Największymi obszarami zasilania radonem-222 charakteryzują się ujęcia o najwyższej wydajności, najmniejszymi zaś ujęcia o niewielkich wydajnościach, a zwłaszcza ujęcia mieszaniny wód podziemnych, z których tylko jedna składowa dostarcza znacznych ilości radonu-222. Obszary zasilania wód podziemnych, w których rozpuszcza się radon, leżą z reguły w znacznej odległości od ujęć i nie pokrywają się z obszarami zasilania ujęć tych wód w radon-222. Obecnie istotne wydaje się niewielkie rozszerzenie istniejących stref bezpośredniej ochrony ujęć, które to strefy w zupełności zabezpieczyłyby zasoby radonu-222 poprzez ochronę naturalnej porowatości efektywnej skał w obszarze zasilania ujęć tym gazem.

19

Changes in the concentration of radon-222 and its daughter products in the air of the underground tourist route in Walim (Lower Silesia)

Przylibski T.A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2000

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Vol. 26, no. 3

13--27

EN

The paper presents the measurement results of monthly average concentrations of 222Rn and mo-mentary concentration values of its decay products, as well as the potential energy of their alpha radiation in the air of the underground tourist route in Walim. It has been found out that radon con-centration in the air of the adits and halls that are open to the public is low and in the measuring period (from October 1995 to January 1997) it averaged 0,094 kBq/m(3). It has been also observed that there was no significant spatial variability of radon concentration, and no distinct seasonal fluc-tuation has been noticed, either. Nevertheless, the concentrations in particular months varied by up to 75% of the average. Except for this, it has been discovered that only occasionally conditions fa-vourable for radon accumulation can occur in some places. The factors disadvantageous for the ac-cumulation of radon inside the underground workings are rather low concentration of the parent nuclide (226Ra) in the rocks, with amounts to 43š2 Bq/kg, and intensive natural ventilation A similar behaviour is characteristic of radon decay products, whose concentrations in the air of the underground tourist route in Walim are even lower. The estimated coefficient F of the radioactive equilibrium between radon and its decay products is of the order of 0,1-0,2 and it is close to the values registered in underground coalmines in Poland. Besides, the values of the potential energy of alpha radiation from radon decay products are by an order of magnitude lower than the boundary value accepted for so-called inspection level in underground mines in Poland. The obtained examination results prove that in the case of the underground tourist route in Walim you cannot speak about any radiation hazards neither for the visitors nor the employees showing them around the object.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów średnich miesięcznych stężeń 222Rn oraz chwilowe wartości stężeń produktów jego rozpadu i energii potencjalnej ich promieniowania alfa w powietrzu podziemnej trasy turystycznej w Walimiu. Stwierdzono, że stężenie radonu w powietrzu udostępnionych do zwiedzania sztolni i hal jest niskie i w okresie badań (od października 1995 do stycznia 1997 roku) wyniosło średni 0,094 kBq/m(3). Stwierdzono brak istotnego przestrzennego zróżnicowania stężeń radonu, a także brak wyraźnych wahań sezonowych. Niemniej jednak stężenia w poszczególnych miesiącach różniły się do 75% od wartości średniej. Ponadto okazało się, że jedynie sporadycznie i tylko w wybranych punktach mogą zaistnieć warunki sprzyjające gromadzeniu się tego gazu. Kumulacji radonu wewnątrz wyrobisk nie sprzyja niezbyt wysokie stężenie nuklidu macierzystego (226Ra) w skałach, które wynosi 43š2 Bq/kg oraz intensywna, naturalna wentylacja. Podobnie do radonu zachowują się także produkty jego rozpadu, przy czym ich stężenia w powie-trzu podziemnej trasy turystycznej w Walimiu są jeszcze niższe. Oszacowany współczynnik rów-nowagi promieniotwórczej F między radonem a produktami jego rozpadu wynosi 0,1 - 0,2 i jest zbliżony do wartości obserwowanych w podziemnych kopalniach węgla kamiennego w Polsce. Również wartości energii potencjalnej promieniowania alfa od produktów rozpadu radonu są o rząd wielkości niższe niż wartość graniczna przyjęta dla tzw. Poziomu inspekcyjnego w kopalniach pod-ziemnych w Polsce. Uzyskane wyniki badań świadczą o tym, że w podziemnej trasie turystycznej w Walimiu nie można mówić o jakimkolwiek zagrożeniu promieniowaniem zarówno turystów zwiedzających ten obiekt, jak i pracowników oprowadzających wycieczki.

20

Zróżnicowanie modułu odpływu podziemnego w zlewni Kryniczanki w okresie niżówkowym

Ciężkowski W., Kozłowski J., Liber-Madziarz E., Przylibski T. A., Żak S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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1999

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Vol. 47, nr 6

564-566

PL

W listopadzie 1997 r. wykonano pomiary przepływu w rzece Kryniczance oraz jej głównych dopływach. Pozwoliło to na oszacowanie wielkości odpływu podziemnego ze zlewni Kryniczanki. Dla całej zlewni moduł odpływu podziemnego wyniósł 6,9 dm3/skm2, a dla zlewni cząstkowych wyniósł od 0,5 do 11,6 dm3/skm2. Najwyższymi modułami odpływu podziemnego charakteryzują się zlewnie Słotwińskiego Potoku i Palenicy. Znaczny wpływ na wielkość odpływu podziemnego ma budowa geologiczna. Stwierdzono większą wodonośność skał strefy sądeckiej w porównaniu do strefy krynickiej.