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Trajectory planning for narrow environments that require changes of driving directions

Roth Jörg

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

2021

Vol. 15, No. 4

18--29

In the area of mobile robotics, trajectory planning is the task to find a sequence of primitive trajectories that connect two configurations, whereas non-holonomic constraints, obstacles and driving costs have to be considered. In this paper, we present an approach that is able to handle situations that require changes of driving directions. In such situations, optimal trajectory sequences contain costly turning maneuvers – sometimes not even on the direct path between start and target. These situations are difficult for most optimization approaches as the robot partly has to drive paths with higher cost values that seem to be disadvantageous. We discuss the problem in depth and provide a solution that is based on maneuvers, partial backdriving and free-place discovery. We applied the approach on top of our Viterbi-based trajectory planner.

Continuous-curvature trajectory planning

Roth Jörg

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

2021

Vol. 15, No. 1

9--23

Continuous-curvature paths play an important role in the area of driving robots: as vehicles usually cannot change the steering angle in zero-time, real trajectories must not have discontinuities in the curvature profile. Typical continuous-curvature paths are thus built of straight lines, arcs and clothoids. Due to the geometric nature of clothoids, some questions in the area of trajectory planning are difficult the answer – usually we need approximations here. In this paper we describe a full approach for continuous-curvature trajectory planning for mobile robots – it covers a maneuver-based planning with Viterbi optimization and geometric approximations required to construct the respective clothoid trajectories.

Systematic and complete enumeration of statically stable multipod gaits

Roth Jörg

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

2018

Vol. 12, No. 4

42--50

Insect-like robots have many advantages concerning mobility and stability. The specific sequence of legs going through different phases, the gait, is important when planning and executing a complex motion. The notion of gaits was originally introduced by biologists but gaits also influenced robot development. Typical multipod robots are able to execute much more gaits than occur in wildlife. In this paper we present a formalism to express certain rules for reasonable gaits. We show an algorithm that enumerates all statically stable gaits according to our formalism. We then provide a gait classification by the example of six-legged robots. Finally, we introduce properties to evaluate gaits.