Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Use of Chosen Biological Methods for Forest Soil Revitalization in Scots Pine Cultivation

Klimek Andrzej, Rolbiecki Stanisław, Rolbiecki Roman, Gackowski Grzegorz, Stachowski Piotr, Jagosz Barbara

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2020

|

Tom 22, cz. 2

1097--1115

EN

The purpose of this investigation was to indicate the most effective method of revitalizing degraded forest area. The different modifications of wood chips were used as a substitute for humus layer. The mites (Acari), and moss mites (Oribatida) as the bio-indicators of soil succession changes were used. The study began 2 years after planting of Scots pine seedlings on the land devastated by military activity, at the former military training ground (GPS: 53.156943N, 17.986440E). The soil on this area was in the type of rusty soils and subtype of the rusty algae soils. Scots pine seedlings were planted in spring 2011, in a distance 1.5×0.8 m. In one-factor experiment four soil mulching treatments were tested: 1. uncovered soil – control (C), 2. soil mulched with wood chips (W), 3. W + mycorrhizal preparation (WM), 4. W + forest litter (WL). Three replicates of microplots arrangement was applied. Each microplot was 5 m long with 3 rows of Scots pine. Each replication covers 10 rows. Mulching with wood chips was carried out on April 12, 2012. On October 25, 2012, the wood chips on the WM microplots were inoculated with the mycorrhizal biopreparation, and on the WL microplots, a 10% addition of fresh forest litter from the ripe fresh coniferous forest was applied. After the end of the growing season of 2012, 2013 and 2014, the measurement of the plants was carried out (the height, the root neck diameter, the length of one-year increments in the last whorl, the number of one-year increments of the last whorl and the lengths of one-year increments of the last whorl). The samples for acarological tests were collected four times. In total, 40 substrate samples with a volume of 50 cm3 each were collected from each treatment. Mites extraction was carried out for 7 days in Tullgren apparatus. Mites were identified to the order, and moss mites to the species or genus, including juvenile stages. Calculated: the average density of mites, the dominance index, the species richness, the diversity of moss mites, the average number of species, and the Shannon general species diversity index. The use of soil mulching with the Scots pine wood chips did not significantly affect the growth and developmental characteristics of the Scots pine plants. After mulching with wood chips, the total number of mites increased many times, and moss mites began to dominate among micro-arthropods. Mulching treatments increased the number and the species diversity of moss mites in the substrate. The number of moss mites increased the most in wood chips without additives. The highest species diversity was observed in the wood chips with the addition of forest litter. Among moss mites Tectocepheus velatus visibly dominated in all study treatments. Oppiella nova and Scutovertex sculptus also constituted numerous mites populations. The study shows that the wood chips are very useful for use in the regeneration of the devastated and degraded forest soils.

2

Water Needs of Bird Cherry Trees at the Period over Three Years after Reclamation in Different Regions of Poland

Rolbiecki Stanisław, Stachowski Piotr, Jagosz Barbara, Figas Anna, Ptach Wiesław, Rolbiecki Roman, Kasperska-Wołowicz Wiesława, Grybauskiene Vilda, Klimek Andrzej, Dobosz Krzysztof, Dąbrowski Janusz

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 1

646--658

EN

The purpose of the present study was to determine the water needs of bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.) over three years after planting on the reclaimed areas. The estimations were performed for the period of two months, including July and August, which are critical in terms of the amount of water available to the plants. The water requirements of bird cherry plants were calculated in the years 1981-2010 for five agro-climatic regions of Poland with the representative meteorological stations located in Olsztyn, Bydgoszcz, Warsaw, Wrocław and Krakow. The bird cherry water needs were determined using the plant coefficient method. The plant coefficients for bird cherry trees over three years after planting were adapted to the reference evapotranspiration that was calculated using the Blaney-Criddle’s formula, modified for Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The rainfall deficit with the probability of occurrence of average dry years (N50%), medium dry years (N25%) and very dry years (N10%) was determined according to the Ostromęcki’s method. On average, in the years 1981-2010, in July and August, the highest water needs of bird cherry trees, grown on the reclaimed areas over three years, were estimated in the central-north-west (271 mm) and central-east (270 mm) region of Poland. While, the lowest water requirements of bird cherry (240 mm) in the south-east region of the country was calculated. In August, the highest bird cherry water needs (121 mm) were estimated also in the central-north-west and central-east region of Poland, whereas the lowest water requirements (111 mm) occurred in the south-east region of the country. In each considered region of Poland, in the years 1981-2010, a visible increase in bird cherry water needs in the period of the highest water requirements, was noted. With the exception of the central-north-west region of the country, the temporal variability of bird cherry water needs was significant throughout Poland. The highest increase of the water requirements (by 6.7 mm per every ten-year period) in the south-east region of Poland was found. In the period covering July and August, the highest rainfall deficit, 131 and 133 mm, in the average dry years (N50%) was noted in the central-east and central-north-west region of Poland, respectively. In the north-east, central-north-west and central-east region of the country, the rainfall deficit in the medium dry years (N25% ranging from 206 to 214 mm) and very dry years (N10% ranging from 269 to 300 mm) was higher than in the south-west and south-east region of Poland (N25% ranging from 146 to 159 mm and N10% ranging from 195 to 211 mm).

PL

Celem przedstawionych badań było oszacowanie zapotrzebowania na wodę czeremchy zwyczajnej (Padus avium Mill.) w okresie powyżej trzech lat po wykonaniu nasadzeń na obszarach objętych rekultywacją. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla okresu obejmującego dwa miesiące, lipiec i sierpień, które są krytyczne pod względem ilości wody dostępnej dla roślin. Wymagania wodne roślin czeremchy zwyczajnej zostały oszacowane w latach 1981-2010 dla pięciu agro-klimatycznych regionów Polski wraz z reprezentatywnymi stacjami meteorologicznymi zlokalizowanymi w Olsztynie, Bydgoszczy, Warszawie, Wrocławiu i Krakowie. Potrzeby wodne drzew czeremchy zwyczajnej zostały określone za pomocą metody współczynników roślinnych. Współczynniki roślinne dla drzew czeremchy zwyczajnej w okresie powyżej trzech lat po wykonaniu nasadzeń na obszarach objętych rekultywacją dostosowano do ewapotranspiracji wskaźnikowej, którą obliczono za pomocą wzoru Blaneya-Criddle'a, zmodyfikowanego dla warunków polskich przez Żakowicza. Niedobory opadów atmosferycznych z prawdopodobieństwem wystąpienia roku przeciętnie suchego (N50%), roku średnio suchego (N25%) oraz roku bardzo suchego (N10%) oznaczono za pomocą metody Ostromęckiego. Średnio, w latach 1981-2010, w okresie od 1 lipca do 31 sierpnia, najwyższe zapotrzebowanie na wodę drzew czeremchy zwyczajnej w okresie powyżej trzech lat po wysadzeniu na obszarach zrekultywowanych obliczono w centralno-północno-zachodnim (271 mm) oraz centralno-wschodnim regionie Polski (270 mm). Z kolei najniższe zapotrzebowanie na wodę czeremchy zwyczajnej (240 mm) wystąpiło w południowo-wschodnim regionie kraju. W sierpniu najwyższe zapotrzebowanie na wodę drzew czeremchy zwyczajnej (121 mm) obliczono również w centralno-północno-zachodnim oraz centralno-wschodnim regionie Polski, natomiast najniższe zapotrzebowanie na wodę (111 mm) wystąpiło w południowo-wschodnim regionie kraju. We wszystkich rozpatrywanych regionach Polski, w okresie od 1981 do 2010, odnotowano tendencję do zwiększania się potrzeb wodnych czeremchy zwyczajnej w czasie największego zapotrzebowania na wodę, czyli w lipcu i w sierpniu. Z wyjątkiem centralno-północno-zachodnim regionu Polski, trend zmienności czasowej potrzeb wodnych czeremchy zwyczajnej był istotny we wszystkich pozostałych regionach kraju. Najwyższy wzrost zapotrzebowania na wodę (o 6,7 mm w każdym kolejnym dziesięcioleciu) wystąpił w południowo-wschodnim regionie Polski. W okresie od 1 lipca do 31 sierpnia największe niedobory opadów atmosferycznych, 131 i 133 mm, w przeciętnie suchym roku (N50%) odnotowano odpowiednio w środkowo-wschodnim oraz środkowo północno-zachodnim regionie Polski. W północno-wschodnim, środkowo-północno-zachodnim i środkowo-wschodnim regionie kraju niedobory opadów atmosferycznych w średnio suchym roku (N25% w zakresie od 206 do 214 mm) i w bardzo suchym roku (N10% w przedziale od 269 do 300 mm) był wyższy niż w południowo-zachodnim i południowo-wschodnim regionie Polski (N25% od 146 do 159 mm i N10% od 195 do 211 mm).

3

Occurrence of Oribatid Mites During the Revitalization of Bare Root Forest Nursery

Klimek Andrzej, Rolbiecki Stanisław, Rolbiecki Roman, Stachowski Piotr, Podsiadło Cezary

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 2

1533--1550

EN

The study was conducted in the years 2008-2010 in the bare root nursery Białe Błota that produced pine, beech and linden, and belonged to Bydgoszcz Forest District. The experiments included the following variants: C – control, O – organic fertilization, M – mulching with raw humus, OM – organic fertilization and mulching with raw humus. Relatively small but significant increase in the number and diversity of Oribatida species was observed in O variant for the deciduous trees. Mulching was the soil revitalization method that clearly improved the density and biodiversity of Oribatida species. In total, the investigated area harbored 37 species of oribatid mites. The most effective bioindicator and stimulant of soil revitalization was a common fungivorous species Tectocepheus velatus.

PL

Badania były prowadzone w latach 2008-2010 w należącej do Nadleśnictwa Bydgoszcz, szkółce leśnej Białe Błota produkującej sosnę, buk oraz lipę. Badania prowadzone były w następujących wariantach: C – kontrola, O – nawożenie organiczne, M – mulczowanie świeżym humusem, OM – nawożenie organiczne i mulczowanie świeżym humusem. Stosunkowo mały, ale znaczący wzrost liczby i zróżnicowania gatunkowego mechowców zaobserwowano w wariancie O dla drzew liściastych. Mulczowanie było metodą rewitalizacji gleb, która wyraźnie wpłynęła na intensywność i zróżnicowanie gatunkowe mechowców. Na badanej powierzchni stwierdzono ogółem 37 gatunków mechowców. Najskuteczniejszym bioindykatorem i stymulatorem rewitalizacji gleby był powszechnie występujący gatunek grzybożerny Tectocepheus velatus.

4

Water Needs of the Ash-Leaved Maple (Acer negundo L.) at the Period over Three Years after Reclamation in Different Regions of Poland

Rolbiecki Stanisław, Rolbiecki Roman, Jagosz Barbara, Kasperska-Wołowicz Wiesława, Ptach Wiesław, Stachowski Piotr, Figas Anna, Grybauskiene Vilda, Klimek Andrzej, Podsiadło Cezary

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 4

69--75

EN

The ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.) has low habitat requirements, which is why this species is often used in the reclamation of industrial areas. The development of the reclamation plantings depends on the optimal water soil conditions that can be controlled by watering treatments. However, the use of irrigation requires determining the water needs of the cultivated species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the water needs of the ash-leaved maple in the reclamation plantings, in the period of over three years after planting. The water needs of the ash-leaved maple were determined using the crop coefficients method. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated using the Blaney-Criddle’s formula that was modified for the Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The water needs of the ash-leaved maple were assessed for five agro-climatic regions of Poland, in the years 1981-2010. The water needs of the ash-leaved maple in the growing period (April-October) were the highest in the C-E (638 mm) and C-N-W (637 mm) regions, and the lowest in the N-E (598 mm) and S-E (601 mm) regions. In July, the highest water needs were noted in the C-N-W region (149 mm) and the lowest in the S-W region (129 mm). In the studied thirty-years period, there was a significant upward trend in the water needs of the ash-leaved maple both during the growing season (except for the C-N-W region) and in July, in all the considered regions.

5

The Water Needs of Grapevines in the Different Regions of Poland

Rolbiecki Stanisław, Jagosz Barbara, Rolbiecki Roman, Ptach Wiesław, Stachowski Piotr, Kasperska-Wołowicz Wiesława, Łangowski Ariel, Sadan Hicran A., Klimek Andrzej, Dobosz Krzysztof

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 7

222--232

EN

The aim of this study was to estimate the water needs of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the different regions of Poland. The requirements of grapevines water, considered as the crop evapotranspiration, were determined using the plant coefficient method. The grapevine plants crop evapotranspiration was measured using the reference evapotranspiration and plant coefficients. The plant coefficients were adapted to the reference evapotranspiration that was calculated using the Blaney‑Criddle’s formula, modified for Polish conditions by Żakowicz. The water needs of grapevines were determined for five agro‑climatic regions of Poland with the representative meteorological stations. The calculations of grapevines water requirements were carried out for the thirty‑year period determined from 1981 to 2010. The study was based on the six‑month growing season established from May 1 to October 31. Four months, including May, June, July and August, were considered as the irrigation period. The highest grapevines water requirements (440 mm) during the growing season, were observed in the north‑west and central‑east region of Poland. In turn, the lowest water requirements were revealed in the south‑east (414 mm) and north‑east (415 mm) region of the country. During the irrigation period, the highest grapevines water needs occurred in the central‑north‑west (355 mm) and central‑east (353 mm) region of Poland, while the lowest (329 mm) – in the south‑east region of the country. The upward time trend of the grapevines water requirements was observed both in the growing season and in the irrigation period. With the exception of the central‑north‑west region, this time trend was significant throughout Poland. The highest increase in the water needs of grapevines during the growing season (by 6.9 mm in each subsequent ten‑year period) occurred in the central‑east and south‑east region of Poland. In the irrigation period, the highest rise of grapevines water requirements was noted in the south‑west (7.4 mm decade ‑1) and south‑east (7.6 mm decade ‑1) region of the country. The highest rainfall deficit was observed in the central‑north‑west region of Poland; 125 mm during the growing season, and 117 mm in the irrigation period.

6

Green roofs dissemination regarding their potential contribution in addressing the UHI effect

Klimek Andrzej, Ziogou Isidoros, Michopoulos Apostolos, Zachariadis Theodoros, Gulma Sadiq, Suhanova Dina, Agbonlahor Mure, Jung-Waclik Sabine

Acta Innovations

|

2019

|

no. 31

71--85

EN

The article aims at summarising the state of the art in the efforts of researchers and innovators to find viable solutions to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This effect is loosely connected with the greenhouse effect, however, it certainly creates a severe negative synergy together with it. As green roofs are a well-known answer how to address the UHI effect, the ways how to make their massive and global deployment convenient are discussed. Initially, the differences and similarities between urbanisation in developed and developing countries are described. Then the paper depicts solutions, especially synergic ones, for making the dissemination of green roofs viable, such as rainwater and energy harvesting or urban agriculture. Then the authors conclude that retrofitting the existing roofs is the only method for reaching the desired scale and discuss available business models necessary for introducing the prosumer approach to the retrofitting.