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Four stage hybrid constructed wetlands treating low-strength aquaculture wastewater with and without artificial aeration

Zhang S.-Y., Li G., Li X., Tao L.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 41, nr 3

31--42

EN

Driven by the booming demands for healthy food, aquaculture industry has to deal with the problem of water pollution appropriately so as to achieve sustainable development. In this study, a combination of four stage CWs (three horizontal subsurface flows followed by one free water surface flow) was configured to treat low-strength aquaculture wastewater. For performance assessment, the wetlands were monitored over three years, during which artificial aeration was added to them. By the results, the organic matters and nutrients were mainly sequestered in the anterior subsurface flows, while the surface flow mainly contributed to DO improvement. These results probably implied no necessity of excessive subsurface flows connected in a staged manner. In addition, the artificial aeration improved the treatment performance on ammonium-N, TN and TP in the first-stage CW.

2

On some issues concerning the modeling of the motion of fluids

Rajagopal K. R., Tao L., Chen G. Q.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2005

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Vol. 10, no 3

475-487

EN

We address some issues regarding the use of the Lagrangian description and convected frames in describing fluid motions. We also discuss the implications of Brownian motion on modeling the macroscopic motion of fluids and the schemes of filtered simulations. The relevance of these issues to the modeling of turbulence is discussed in detail.

3

Flows of bubbly liquids

Tao L., Rajagopal K. R.

Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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1999

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Vol. 4, no 3

407-442

EN

This paper deals with the modeling of flows of a Newtonian liquid dispersed with bubbles. We provide an averaging procedure that combines and gainfully exploits area, volume and ensemble averaging methods, and arrives at the governing equations for bubbly liquids. Expressions are suggested for the interaction mechanisms and other constitutive quantities that appear as a consequence of the averaging. Restrictions on the constitutive quantities due to the second law of thermodynamics are delineated and a specific boundary value problem solved within the context of the theory. It is found that the prediction of the theory compares favorably with experimental observations for the specific boundary value problem under consideration.