Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Understanding premium power grades

Higgins M., Mansoor A., Sundaram A.

Jakość i Użytkowanie Energii Elektrycznej

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2001

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T. 7, z. 2

19-25

EN

Many sensitive industrial and some high-tech commercial customers require a premium grade of power. However, the term "premium power" often elicits unrealistic expectations from those customers. To accurately quantify premium power, utilities most define a baseline for grid power so that customers will have a clear idea of what is expected from "normal" grid power. This paper will provide in-depth analysis of the technical, economic, and regulatory issues that need to be resolved in order to make premium power services a viable option for energy providers of the 21s~ century. Power quality indices suitable for defining brie-level power will be addressed, numerical values for these indices to define "basic power" will be quantified based on power quality benchmarking that has been conducted in several regions around the world, and the impact of local regulatory issues on offering premium power services will be analyzed. This paper will serve as a guideline for establishing premium power grades by energy service providers.

2

Power quality impact of distributed generation : effect on steady state voltage regulation

Comfort R., Gonzalez M., Mansoor A., Barker P., Short P., Sundaram A.

Jakość i Użytkowanie Energii Elektrycznej

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2001

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T. 7, z. 2

35-42

EN

With the advent of deregulation, distributed generation will play an increasing role in electric distribution systems. Various new types of Distributed Generation (DG), such as micro-turbines and fuel cells, are now being developed in addition to the more traditional solar and wind power. A common belief among developers is that DR will improve power quality and this potential for better quality is cited as one of the value attributes of installing distributed generators. In some cases distributed generation and storage are being promoted as an answer to the premium-quality power requirements of high technology or sensitive end-use customers. Whether or not this value-attribute of DG is valid Will depend on the specific technologies, site conditions and potential interaction with the existing electric power system. The objective of this paper is to provide a technical assessment of the impact of distributed generation technologies on the power quality of the power distribution system. Power quality is a broad term covering a vide range of operating parameters including both steady state and dynamic conditions. The full range of power quality conditions are described in IEEE Std.1159-1995 Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality. This paper focuses on steady state voltage regulation impacts of DG and is the first of several papers covering the various power quality impacts of DG. The guidelines provided in this paper will help utility engineers evaluate the impact of distributed generation on voltage regulation and identify methods to mitigate problems that arise. The paper also makes recommendations for voltage trip thresholds to be used for DG interconnection that will help reduce the susceptibility of DG to nuisance trips but still provide utility system protection against sustained overvoltage.

3

Capacity planning, reliability and availability for Internet data center facilities

Banerjee B., Mansoor A., Keebler P.

Jakość i Użytkowanie Energii Elektrycznej

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2001

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T. 7, z. 2

43-49

EN

Consumers are increasingly sending e-messages, purchasing products, managing finances, and locating information on-line by accessing the World Wide Web via the Internet. The demand for e-services and the installation of telecommunications and Internet equipment is occurring at a very rapid pace resulting in the construction of many Internet data center (IDC) facilities. The productivity and profits of IDCs, Internet Service Providers, and e-businesses solely depend upon providing power through an appropriately-size utility service feeder(s) for the operation of missioncritical equipment 7 days a week, 24 hours a day (i.e., 24 x 7), no exceptions. This growth has caused concerns among utilities regarding capacity planning requirements of IDCs. Additionally, the reliability of utility power-99.9 % (39's)-is also a concern when IDCs try to meet the power reliability and availability requirements of 99.9999 % (69's) and higher that IDCs are contracted to provide to e-businesses who lease IDC space. Through a better understanding of the power requirements and loads in IDCs, this paper addresses the capacity planning issues associated with IDCs and how distribution generation and alternative energy-storage technologies may be applied to provide high-availability power. Collaborative power quality research and testing being conducted by EPRI and EPRI PEAC to identify solutions to these problems is also discussed