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1
Content available Polish approach to the IMO model course 1.27 on operational use of ECDIS
Weintrit A., Kopacz P., Bąk A., Uriasz J., Naus K.
Annual of Navigation
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2012
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No. 19, part 2
155--170
EN
In consequence of the adoption of the Manila Amendments to the STCW Convention and Code, the ECDIS model course would need to be reviewed and updated. Accordingly, three Polish matitime academies/universities present common position what necessary steps should be taken to revise and update existing IMO model course on Operational Use of ECDIS. Notes and comments relate to both the current existing IMO model course 1.27 on operational use of ECDIS and its new version proposed by the United States in the document STW 43/3/1. Comments and remarks to revised draft model course 1.27 cover the following parts and topics: Course Framework, Course Outline and Timetable, Detailed Teaching Syllabus, Instructor Manual, Evaluation and Assessment, and appendices for the ECDIS Instructor: Introduction of Operational use of ECDIS, ECDIS Performance Standard references, ECDIS Carriage Requirements, STCW Manila Amendments on ECDIS, Training scenario types and scenario success, and Integrated navigation training example.
2
Content available On computational algorithms implemented in marine navigational software used in marine navigation electronic devices and systems
Weintrit A., Kopacz P.
Annual of Navigation
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2012
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No. 19, part 2
171--184
EN
In the paper the authors attempt to present the computational problem related to the navigational algorithm (meridian arc formula) implemented in the software applied in marine navigation electronic devices and systems, such as GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo), AIS, ECDIS/ECS, and other marine GIS. From the early days of the development of the basic navigational software built into satellite navigational receivers, it has been noted that for the sake of simplicity and a number of other reasons, this navigational software is often based on the simple methods of limited accuracy. It is surprising that even nowadays the use of navigational software is still used in a loose manner, sometimes ignoring basic computational principles and adopting oversimplified assumptions and errors such as the wrong combination of spherical and ellipsoidal calculations in different steps of the solution of a particular sailing problem. The lack of official standardization on both the ‘accuracy required’ and the equivalent ‘methods employed’, in conjunction to the ‘black box solutions’ provided by GNSS navigational receivers and navigational systems (ECDIS and ECS) suggest the necessity of a thorough examination of the issue of sailing calculations for navigational systems and GNSS receivers.
3
Content available remote A Novel Approach to Loxodrome (Rhumb Line), Orthodrome (Great Circle) and Geodesic Line in ECDIS and Navigation in General
Weintrit A., Kopacz P.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2011
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Vol. 5, no. 4
507--517
EN
We survey last reports and research results in the field of navigational calculations’ methods applied in marine navigation that deserve to be collected together. Some of these results have often been re-discovered as lemmas to other results. We present our approach to the subject and place special emphasis on the geometrical base from a general point of view. The geometry of approximated structures implies the cal-culus essentially, in particular the mathematical formulae in the algorithms applied in the navigational elec-tronic devices and systems. The question we ask affects the range and point in applying the loxodrome (rhumb line) in case the ECDIS equipped with the great circle (great ellipse) approximation algorithms of given accuracy replaces the traditional nautical charts based on Mercator projection. We also cover the sub-ject on approximating models for navigational purposes. Moreover, the navigation based on geodesic lines and connected software of the ship’s devices (electronic chart, positioning and steering systems) gives a strong argument to research and use geodesic-based methods for calculations instead of the loxodromic trajectories in general.
4
Content available remote Navigation Description Basing on Riemann-Finsler Geometry and Topology
Kopacz P.
Prace Wydziału Nawigacyjnego Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
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2008
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Z. 22
53-61
EN
The notion of metric is of our interest what influences the flow of geodesics and navigation description (representation). We show that the differing parameters are obtained if we modify the geometrical structure. First we embed the analyzed object in the metric space and study its features there. Then we move the same model into more general structures i.e. topological spaces where the topologies are induced by the metrics. We also recall Zermelo navigation problem present in the calculus of variations and Finsler geometry. We propose researching the problem in the topological structures. The metric defines the rules of finding the optimal (the shortest) paths in the structures. Thus changing the metric causes the modifications of navigational parameters.
PL
W pracy poruszono pojęcie metryki, która wpływa na przebieg linii geodezyjnych oraz opis nawigacyjny. Pokazano, iż zmiana struktury geometrycznej implikuje otrzymywanie różniących się danych nawigacyjnych. Początkowo analizowany obiekt został zanurzony w przestrzeni metrycznej i tam zbadano jego własności. Następnie rozważania przenosi się do ogólniejszych struktur, tj. przestrzeni topologicznych, gdzie topologie są indukowane przez metryki. Ponadto przywołane zostało zagadnienie nawigacyjne Zermelo znane z rachunku wariacyjnego a także geometrii Finslera. Zaproponowano badanie tegoż zagadnienia w ogólniejszych strukturach topologicznych. Metryka definiuje zasady znajdowania optymalnych (najkrótszych) trajektorii w strukturze, stąd zmiana metryki powoduje modyfikację danych nawigacyjnych.
5
Content available remote Ship safety contour determination on electronic navigational charts
Weintrit A., Kopacz P., Kołowrocki K.
Archives of Transport
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2005
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Vol. 17, iss.3-4
237-235
EN
This paper proposes a new approach to the very important problem related to selection, setting and presentation of own ships safety contour in ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) in safety aspects. The safety contour is the boundary between navigable area (safe water) and non-navigable area (unsafe water). To involve the interactions between the systems operation processes, the safety values setting and their changing in time reliability structures of the system operation processes functions are applied. A general approach to the concept of usage of automatic distance measurement and ranging (ADMAR) unit in ECDIS for automatic measurement of ship's distance to safety contour is presented. This approach gives practically important and not difficult to use tool for route planning, route monitoring and route recording.
PL
W artykule zaproponowano nowe podejście do wyboru, ustalenia i prezentacji konturu bezpieczeństwa statku na elektronicznych mapach nawigacyjnych. Przedstawiona została także ogólna koncepcja zastosowania systemu automatycznego mierzenia i porządkowania odległości do wyznaczania konturu bezpieczeństwa statku na mapach elektronicznych.
6
Content available remote Prezentacja izobaty bezpieczeństwa statku na elektronicznej mapie nawigacyjnej
Weintrit A., Kopacz P., Zuzelska M.
Prace Wydziału Nawigacyjnego Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
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2004
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Z. 16
215-227
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