Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 22

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
EN
The review summarizes the results of the electrochemical studies on hydrogen absorption in Pd and Pd alloys prepared in the form of thin deposits on a hydrogen -neutral matrix. This kind of electrodes, called Limited Volume Electrodes (LVE), enables to limit and control the amount of absorbed hydrogen inside a Pd sample and makes it possible to study the process of hydrogen absorption under electrochemical conditions. The amount of absorbed hydrogen, phase transition potentials, hysteresis effect and the rate of hydrogen absorption/desorption can be determined using cyclic voltammetric, chronoamperometric and chronopotentiometric techniques. The mechanism of the interactions of hydrogen with Pd-LVE is presented. The influence of electrode potential, temperature and Pd layer thickness on the process of hydrogen absorption is discussed. The behavior of Pd alloys towards hydrogen is summarized. The interrelation between hydrogen absorption and surface processes is described. The examples of the use of LVE in applied electrochemistry are given.
PL
Omówiono wyniki elektrochemicznych badań absorpcji wodoru w dwuskładnikowych stopach palladu z rodem i rutenem. Wykazano, że maksymalna ilość wodoru zaabsorbowanego w bogatych w Pd stopach Pd-Rh i Pd-Ru jest, odpowiednio, o ok. 13 i 20% większa niż w czystym Pd. Największą zdolność absorpcyjną mają stopy zawierające w głębi ok. 7% at. Rh lub 1% at. Ru. Zachowanie to można wytłumaczyć korzystnym efektem elektronowym wskutek utworzenia stopu. Układy Pd-Rh i Pd-Ru z zaabsorbowanym wodorem mogą być wykorzystane jako materiały elektrodowe do superkondensatorów elektrochemicznych charakteryzujących się wartościami pseudopojemności oraz mocy i energii właściwej porównywalnymi z parametrami innych superkondensatorów typu faradajowskiego.
EN
Binary Pd alloys were prepd. by electrodeposition from baths containingPdCl₂, RhCl₃ or RuCl₃ and HCl on Au wire substrate and used for H₂ electrosorption in acidic soln. The Pd-rich alloys (Rh or Ru contents 7.4% at. Or 0.7% at., resp.) showed higher H₂ absorption capacities the Pd alone (by 13% and 20%, resp.). This fact was explained by a favorable electronic effect due to alloy formation. The alloys with adsorbed H₂ can be used as electrode materials for electrochem. capacitors with the parameters typical for faradaic supercapacitors.
EN
The paper presents a prototype of a combined aggregate for forming ridges, developed under the target oriented project, in collaboration Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Poznan with the BOMET Węgrów company. The results of prototype tests are shown, with regard to the quality of forming ridges in various versions of aggregate.
PL
Przedstawiono prototyp kombinowanego agregatu do formowania redlin, opracowany w ramach projektu celowego, we współpracy Przemysłowego Instytutu Maszyn Rolniczych w Poznaniu z firmą BOMET Węgrów. Omówiono wyniki badań prototypu w zakresie jakości formowania redlin agregatem w różnych wersjach roboczych.
EN
This paper summarizes the results of the investigations on selected topics from the field of materials science, such as: composition and stability of the passive films on metal alloys and the effect of electrochemical and chemical modifications on the catalytic activity and selectivity of Cu-based amorphous alloys as well as of Raney Ni catalysts doped with Cr. Microscopic and surface analytical techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) provide an in sight into the mechanism of the functionalization of the materials studied. The local chemical and morphological inhomogeneities at a micro- and nano-scale have been monitored. An attempt has been made to find an interrelation between the composition, structure and morphology of materials and their specific behavior in the processes considered.
EN
In this paper are summarized the results concerning studies on fundamental electrochemical properties of binary and ternary noble metal alloys in acidic solution. The systems were characterized electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry technique (CV). A CV curve can be treated as a basic mean of in situ surface analysis of electrodes of this type. The voltammogram recorded under given experimental conditions is characteristic of the individual noble metal or alloy and it is an electrochemical 'fingerprint' of the investigated sample. Qualitative and quanti-tative conclusions can be drawn about the surface state of noble metal alloys on the basis of the course of CV curves by the use of the distinctive features associated with each component. Such an analysis is possible due to the fact that the voltammograms for pure metals differ markedly from each other in respect of the region of surface oxide formation and its reduction as well as the appearance of the region where hydrogen electrosorption takes place. In particular, the potential of the oxygen desorption peak is a linear function of the alloy surface composition. The influence of the procedure of prolonged potential cycling on electrochemical behavior of the alloys is presented. During the electrochemical treatment the alloy surface becomes enriched with components that are more resistant to electrochemical dissolution, occurring at sufficiently high potentials. The course of the voltammogram undergoes dramatic changes concerning the signals originating from hydrogen and oxygen electrosorption. As a result of the procedure of potential cycling both alloy surface and bulk can become heterogeneous. Selective removal of alloy components during the electrochemical treatment allows for in situ preparation of alloy electrodes possessing a variety of electrocatalytic properties.
EN
Hydrogen absorption into and electrochemical dissolution of thin Pd and Pd alloy (Pd–Au, Pd–Rh) layers have been studied in acidic solutions (0.5MH2SO4) with the use of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) coupled with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Currents due to hydrogen adsorption and absorption in alfa- and beta-phase are distinguished on CV curves. The amount of absorbed hydrogen depends on electrode potential and increases with the potential decrease. Hydrogen absorbed in Pd–Au and Pd–Rh alloys is oxidized at a lower potential than in the case of pure Pd. In the case of the Pd–Au system the potential region of phase transition is shifted positively in comparison with Pd indicating higher stability of the beta-phase, while for the Pd–Rh system the potential region of phase transition is shifted negatively indicating lower stability of the beta-phase.Hydrogen absorption is accompanied by stresses inside Pd crystal lattice, both phenomena affecting theEQCMresponse.EQCMexperiments indicate that the magnitude and distribution of stresses are different for absorption and desorption processes, which seems to confirm the important role of the stress effect in the phenomenon of absorption/desorption hysteresis. Pd dissolves electrochemically during polarization to sufficiently high potentials in a CV experiment. The amount of dissolved metal increases with an increase in electrode potential and a decrease in scan rate. Due to Pd preferential dissolution during potential cycling of Pd–Au alloys both cyclic voltammogram and frequency-potential response transform towards curves typical of Au electrode.
15
Content available remote Wpływ tlenków węgla na absorpcję wodoru w stopach palladu
PL
Omówiono wyniki badań elektrochemicznych właściwości dwu- i trójskładnikowych stopów palladu z platyną i rodem, w szczególności dotyczących absorpcji wodoru w tych układach. Przedstawiono główne aspekty adsorpcji tlenków węgla na metalach z grupy platyny i ich stopach. Wykazano różnorodny wpływ adsorpcji CO i CO2 na procesy absorpcji, adsorpcji i desorpcji wodoru w układzie trójskładnikowym Pd-Pt-Rh.
EN
Cyclic voltammograms were recorded in 0.5 H2SO4for Pd, Pt, Rh, Pd-Pt (6 at.% on surface), Pd-Rh (62 at.% on surface), Pd-Pt (60 at.% on surface) before and after 30-min adsorption of CO2, Pd-Rh (78 at.% on surface) before and after 45-min adsorption of CO2, for a ternary alloy (81:6:13 at.%) Pd -Pt-Rh, and for a ternary (44:35:21 at.%) Pd -Pt Rh alloy before and after 15-min adsorption of CO. The absorption, adsorption and desorption of hydrogen was strongly inhibited by CO. Absorption of hydrogen on the Pd alloys was not affected by CO2 which was adsorbed only on the Pt and Rh surface atoms, and not on the Pd atoms. The different behavior of CO and CO2 enables the activity of individual surface centers in Pd alloys to be distinguished in the reactions involving adsorbed hydrogen. The CO and CO2adsorption products are different. 23 refs.
PL
Głównym przedmiotem poszukiwań w rejonie Gorzowa były osady dolomitu głównego. Dotychczasowe badania skoncentrowano na utworach Ca2 zdeponowanych w strefie bariery oraz wewnętrznej laguny i dla tychże obszarów przypada zdecydowana większość powierzchni wykonanych zdjęć 3D. Jednakże ostatnie odkrycia złóż ropy naftowej poza rejonem platformy węglanowej odsłaniają nowe możliwości, co do powiększenia naftowej perspektywiczności basenu permskiego. Odkryte na podstawie danych sejsmiki 3D akumulacje węglowodorów (Lubiatów, Sowia Góra) stanowią pułapki niestrukturalne w poziomie dolomitu głównego zlokalizowane u podnóża platformy anhydrytowo-węglanowej. Mimo iż jest to strefa o niskim stopniu poznania, wysoka jakość danych sejsmicznych 3D oraz właściwa interpretacja litofacjalna pozwoliła nie tylko na zdefiniowanie geometrii pułapek, które stały się przedmiotem spektakularnych odkryć, ale i na wskazanie optymalnej lokalizacji otworów. Efekt ten osiągnięto dzięki zintegrowaniu wysokiej klasy bloku sejsmicznego z pozostałymi dostępnymi rodzajami danych, co było kluczem do oceny zmienności litofacji w obszarze pułapki i ilościowego oszacowania zmian porowatości.
EN
Our aim is to present some examples of porous carbonate slumps occurrence. They were encountered based on seismic interpretation combined with seismic amplitude examination and seismic inversion by means of 3D seismic data. Basinward location cited traps in the vicinity of the carbonate platform not always encourage geologists to explore them. However the latest commercial oil discovery will promote The Main Dolomite aged carbonate slumps as promising hydrocarbon traps as well as potential future exploration targets.
EN
Pt-Rh and Pd-Rh alloys were prepared by electrochemical codeposition. Surface compositions of the alloys were determined from the potential of surface oxides reduction peak. Carbon dioxide was electrosorbed at constant potential in the range where underpotentially deposited hydrogen exists on the electrode surface. The presence of adsorbed CO2 causes remarkable diminution of hydrogen adsorption signals on the voltammograms recorded after CO2 adsorption for both Pt-Rh and Pd-Rh alloys. In the case of hydrogen-absorbing Pd-Rh electrodes adsorbed CO2 does not influence significantly hydrogen insertion into the alloy bulk. Oxidative removal of CO2 adsorbed on Pt-Rh and Pd-Rh results in a characteristic voltammetric peak, whose potential and shape depend on alloy surface composition. Eps (electron per site) values calculated for the oxidation of CO2 adsorbed at a fixed potential (0.015 V) and alloy surface composition, being higher for alloys containing more Rh, with a maximum for pure Rh. It suggests that the structure and composition of CO2 adsorption product vary with electrode surface properties and experimental conditions.
18
Content available remote XXXVI Zjazd Fizyków Polskich [Ze zjazdów i konferencji]
PL
Kolejny, już XXXVI Zjazd Fizyków Polskich odbył się w dniach 17-20 września 2001 r. w Toruniu. Myślę, że wszyscy uczestnicy (w liczbie blisko 400) byli bardzo zadowoleni z tego, że Zjazd odbywa się właśnie tam, bo miasto jest piękne i spokojne, bielański kampus na skraju miasta stwarza znakomite warunki dla organizacji imprez naukowych, a do tego - by zapożyczyć sformułowanie od prof. Tomasza Dohnalika - w żadnym innym mieście w Polsce fizyka nie odgrywa tak wielkiej roli w Uniwersytecie, a Uniwersytet w mieście. Jednym słowem, fizycy czują się w Toruniu doskonale.
EN
The electrochemical behavior of the Pt - Au alloys in the whole composition range has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The alloys were prepared by electrochemical deposition and the bulk compositions were determined by EDAX analysis. The surface areas of the electrodes were calculated from charges needed for oxidation of hydrogen adsorbed on platinum and reduction of gold or platinum oxide monolayer. These data were used for the estimation of the surface composition. The results were compared with data obtained from double layer capacity measurements. The surface area and platinum concentration on the surface, calculated from charges needed for platinum and gold oxides reduction, are overestimated, because the charge needed for platinum oxide reduction corresponds to more than a one monolayer.
20
Content available remote Quantum Optics V [Ze zjazdów i konferencji]
PL
Konferencja Quantum Optics V odbyła się w dniach 20-27 czerwca 2001 r. w Kościelisku. Została ona zorganizowana przez Centrum Fizyki Teoretycznej i Instytut Fizyki PAN w Warszawie, a w skład komitetu organizacyjnego wchodzili: Iwo Białynicki-Birula, Mariusz Gajda, Jan Mostowski i Kazimierz Rzążewski. Częścią konferencji było spotkanie robocze Europejskiej Sieci Badawczej ds. Zimnych Gazów Kwantowych, działającej w ramach V Programu Ramowego Unii Europejskiej. Jego organizatorami byli: Ennio Arimondo z Pizy (koordynator Sieci) oraz Kazimierz Rzążewski.
first rewind previous Strona / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.