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Vertical Breast Displacement in Asian Women During Exercise: influence of Bra Type, Size and Different Parts of the Breast

Sheng Xinyang, Chen Xiaona, Lake Mark John

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Vol. 30, no. 3

1--8

EN

Asian women have smaller breast sizes and greater breast density, which suggests specific research on their breast kinematics and biomechanics. To investigate vertical breast displacement of Asian women among exercise modalities (rope skipping, walking, jogging, running) in different support conditions (wearing everyday bra or sports bra), and assess the motion between different parts of the breast, seven participants were selected to participate in this study. Five infrared markers were placed on each of their left breasts, and a three-dimensional motion capture system (NDI Optotrak Investigator) was used to collect the data on vertical breast displacement during walking (5 km/h), jogging (7.5 km/h), running (10 km/h) and rope skipping (2 Hz). No significant difference was found in the vertical displacement of different parts of the breast in the two bra conditions. Also, there was significant difference in vertical breast displacement among rope skipping, jogging and running. Breast size did not significantly affect its vertical displacement. The smaller, denser breast appears to reach a threshold of vertical displacement that is similar at high severities of dynamic exercises (jogging, running and rope skipping). The results might be useful for designing special sports bras for Asian women with small breasts or rope skipping participants to improve the shock absorption function.

2

Effects of Breast Support and Gait Speed on Three-Dimensional Breast Displacement for Women with Small Breasts

Chen Xiaona, Sun Guangwu, Wang Jianping, Li Yanmei, Xie Hong

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 2 (146)

87--94

EN

This paper investigated three-dimensional breast displacement under different breast suport conditions and gait speeds for women with small breasts. The breast coordinates of fifteen female participants with small breasts (sizes ranging from A to C) were recorded during treadmill walking and running tests under two different sports bra conditions and a no bra condition. The results showed that although vertical breast displacement was always the greatest in each condition, mediolateral breast displacement was significantly greater than anteroposterior breast displacement. Mediolateral breast displacement was not effectively reduced in the two sports bra conditions compared to the no bra condition. It is recommended that sports bra designed for women with small breasts should aim to limit mediolateral breast displacement instead of anteroposterior breast displacement, on the premise of controlling vertical breast displacement. The findings also suggest that the effectiveness of sports bras at reducing side-to-side breast movement requires further optimisation.

PL

W pracy zbadano trójwymiarowe przemieszczenie piersi przy różnych warunkach podtrzymywania piersi i szybkości chodu u kobiet z małymi piersiami. Współrzędne piersi piętnastu uczestniczek z małymi piersiami (rozmiary od A do C) rejestrowano podczas testów chodu na bieżni i biegania w stanikach sportowych i bez. Wyniki pokazały, że chociaż pionowe przemieszczenie piersi było zawsze największe w każdym stanie, środkowo-boczne przemieszczenie piersi było znacznie większe, niż przemieszczenie piersi przednio-tylne. Stwierdzono, że biustonosz sportowy nie zmniejszył skutecznie przemieszczenia biustu w bok w porównaniu ze stanem bez stanika. Zaleca się, aby stanik sportowy przeznaczony dla kobiet z małym biustem miał na celu ograniczenie środkowo-bocznego przemieszczenia piersi zamiast przesunięcia piersi w przód i tył, z założeniem kontrolowania pionowego przemieszczenia piersi. Odkrycia sugerują również, że skuteczność staników sportowych w ograniczaniu ruchów piersi na boki wymaga dalszej optymalizacji.

3

Breast Pain and Sports Bra Usage Reported by Chinese Women: Why Sports Bra Education Programs are Needed in China

Chen Xiaona, Wang Jianping, Wang Yanzhen, Gho Sheridan A., Steele Julie R.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 4 (136)

17--22

EN

This study aimed to evaluate breast pain and sports bra usage reported by Chinese women and to analyse whether they were affected by age, education, occupation, income or breast size. Four hundred and four Chinese women completed a questionnaire to determine their breast pain and its frequency as well as sports bra usage. Although more than 60% of Chinese women experienced breast pain during exercise, only 40% of them had ever worn a sports bra. The high percentage of participants who experienced breast pain and low percentage of sports bra usage confirmed the need to educate Chinese women on sport bra fit, design and reasons for wearing sports bras. Age, bra size and income level should be considered when implementing these educational programs.

PL

Celem badania była ocena bólu piersi i użytkowania biustonosza sportowego oraz analiza wyników ze względu na wiek, wykształcenie, zawód, dochód i rozmiar piersi użytkowniczek. Czterysta cztery chińskie kobiety wypełniły kwestionariusz w celu określenia bólu piersi i jego częstotliwości, a także użycia biustonosza sportowego. Chociaż ponad 60% chińskich kobiet doświadczyło bólu podczas ćwiczeń, tylko 40% z nich nosiło stanik sportowy. Wysoki odsetek uczestniczek, które doświadczyły bólu piersi i niskiego odsetka użycia biustonosza sportowego, potwierdziły potrzebę edukowania chińskich kobiet na temat sportowego dopasowania biustonosza, projektowania i powodów noszenia sportowych biustonoszy. Przy realizacji tych programów edukacyjnych należy wziąć pod uwagę wiek, rozmiar biustonosza i poziom dochodów użytkowniczek.