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1

Characterization of Nanocrystalline AlTiSiN Coatings Deposited by a LARCCAE Process

Gołombek K., Tomiczek A. E., Pakuła D., Matus K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 2

899--906

EN

The paper presents the results of research studies involving the ceramic-metal tool materials with the deposited nitride coatings on the basis of aluminium, titanium and silicon. The cathodic arc evaporation with lateral rotating cathodes method was used for deposition of nanocrystalline, wear resistant nitride coatings – AlTiSiN type. Structural examinations are presented of the applied coatings and their support material made on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the scanning/transmission electron microscope (STEM). Chemical composition analysis as a function of the distance from the specimen surface, the so-called profile analysis, were carried out also. The structural analysis confirms that deposited multilayer coatings have dense microstructure without any visible porosity and delamination. It was found that the investigated coatings have nanocrystalline structure and consisting of fine crystallites even less than 6nm. Lattice deformations and numerous structural defects were also observed in the nanolayers. Depositing the AlTiSiN coatings results in the significant hardness increase within the range of 2252 ±256 to 2908 ±295 HV0.01.

2

Accuracy analysis of a wireless indoor positioning system using geodetic methods

Wagner P., Woźniak M., Odziemczyk W., Pakuła D.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2017

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Vol. 104

1--19

EN

Ubisense RTLS is one of the Indoor positioning systems using an Ultra Wide Band. AOA and TDOA methods are used as a principle of positioning. The accuracy of positioning depends primarily on the accuracy of determined angles and distance differences. The paper presents the results of accuracy research which includes a theoretical accuracy prediction and a practical test. Theoretical accuracy was calculated for two variants of system components geometry, assuming the parameters declared by the system manufacturer. Total station measurements were taken as a reference during the practical test. The results of the analysis are presented in a graphical form. A sample implementation (MagMaster) developed by Globema is presented in the final part of the paper.

3

Investigations on Wear Mechanisms of PVD Coatings on Carbides and Sialons

Staszuk M., Pakuła D., Pancielejko M., Tański T., Dobrzański L. A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 4

2095--2100

EN

The paper presents the results on the wear resistance of PVD coatings on cutting inserts made from sintered carbide and sialon ceramics. The exploitative properties of coatings in technological cutting trials were defined in the paper, which also examined the adhesion of coatings to the substrate, the thickness of the coating, and the microhardness. As a result, it was found that isomorphic coating with AlN-h phase of covalent interatomic bonds exhibits much better adhesion to the sialon substrate than isomorphic coating with titanium nitride TiN. These coatings assure the high wear resistance of the coated tools, and the high adhesion combined with the high microhardness and fine-grained structure assure an increase in the exploitative life of the coated tools. In the case of coatings on substrate made from sintered carbide, there was a significant influence on the properties of the tools coated with them as concerns the existence of the diffusion zone between the substrate and the coating.

4

Structure and properties of the tool ceramics with hard wear resistant coatings

Pakuła D., Staszuk M., Gołombek K., Śliwa A., Mikuła J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

1265--1270

EN

This work presents studies of the structure and functional properties of coatings deposited onto indexable inserts made of nitride and sialon tool ceramics with the required properties, i.e. high adhesion, niicrohardness. high resistance to abrasive and diffusion wear in working conditions of high-performance cuttings tools. In the present paper the results of the investigations of the structure, texture, mechanical and functional properties of the Ti(C,N), (Ti.Al)N, Ti(C.N)+(Ti,Al)N coatings were presented. The 80% increase in the hardness of the coatings in comparison to the substrate material was reported. Test coatings are characterized by good adhesion to the substrate. The maximum Lc load of (Ti A1)N coat applied to the substrate from the nitride ceramics is equal to 42 N. In the studied coatings compressive stresses were found. The results of mechanical properties investigations, especially tribological ones correlate with the results of exploitation tests carried out during the cutting test.

5

Internal stresses in PVD coated tool composites

Śliwa A., Mikuła J., Gołombek K., Kwaśny W., Pakuła D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

1371--1378

EN

The aim of work is the investigation of the internal stresses in PVD coated metal matrix composites (MMC). Sintered MMC substrate is composed of the matrix with the chemical composition corresponding to the high-speed steel, reinforced with the TiC type hard carbide phase. Functionally graded composition of MMC providing of high ductility characteristic of steel in the core zone as well as high hardness characteristic of cemented carbides in the surface zone. Internal stresses were determined with use of finite element method in ANSYS environment. The reason of undertaking the work is necessity of develop the research of internal stresses, occurring in the coating, as well as in the adhesion zone of coating and substrate, which makes it possible to draw valuable conclusions concerning engineering process of the advisable structure and chemical composition of coatings. The investigations were carried out on cutting tools models containing defined zones differing in chemical composition. Modelled materials were characteristic of chemical composition corresponding to the high-speed steel at the core, reinforced with the TiC type hard carbide phase with the growing fraction of these phases in the outward direction from the core to the surface, additionally coated with (Ti,Al)N or Ti(C.N) functionally graded PVD coatings. Results of determined internal stresses were compared with the results calculated using experimental X-ray sin2ψ method. It was demonstrated, that the presented model meets the initial criteria, which gives ground to the assumption about its utility for determining the stresses in coatings as well as in functionally graded sintered materials. The results of computer simulations correlate with the experimental results.

6

Finite Element Prediction for the Internal Stresses of (Ti,Al)N Coatings

Żukowska L. W., Śliwa A., Mikuła J., Bonek M., Kwaśny W., Sroka M., Pakuła D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

149--152

EN

The general topic of this paper is the computer simulation with use of finite element method (FEM) for determining the internal stresses of selected gradient and single-layer PVD coatings deposited on the sintered tool materials, including cemented carbides, cermets and Al2O3+TiC type oxide tool ceramics by cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Developing an appropriate model allows the prediction of properties of PVD coatings, which are also the criterion of their selection for specific items, based on the parameters of technological processes. In addition, developed model can to a large extent eliminate the need for expensive and time-consuming experimental studies for the computer simulation. Developed models of internal stresses were performed with use of finite element method in ANSYS environment. The experimental values of stresses were calculated using the X-ray sin2ψ technique. The computer simulation results were compared with the experimental results. Microhardness and adhesion as well as wear range were measured to investigate the influence of stress distribution on the mechanical and functional properties of coatings. It was stated that occurrence of compressive stresses on the surface of gradient coating has advantageous influence on their mechanical properties, especially on microhardness. Absolute value reduction of internal stresses in the connection zone in case of the gradient coatings takes profitably effects on improvement the adhesion of coatings. It can be one of the most important reasons of increase the wear resistance of gradient coatings in comparison to single-layer coatings.

7

Effect of heat treatment on micro structural changes in aluminium bronze

Hájek J., Křiž A., Chocholaty O., Pakuła D.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

1271--1276

EN

Effect of heat treatment on micro structural changes in aluminium bronze This paper attempts to summarise the niicrostructural changes which take place in aluniiniuni bronzes during heat treatment. Another objective of this study was to map the potential of a certain type of aluminium bronzes for undergoing martensitic transformation. The methods, which were chosen for assessing the results of heat treatment with regard to their availability, included measurement of hardness and observation of inicrostructure using light and scanning electron microscopy. Additional tools for evaluation of microstructure comprised measurement of microhardness and chemical analysis by EDS. An important part of the experiment is observation of microstructural changes in the Joniiny bar during the end-quench test. Upon completing experiments of this kind, one can define the heat treatment conditions necessary for obtaining optimum properties. In addition, the paper presents important findings on how to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminium bronzes by special heat treatment sequences.

8

Wpływ składu chemicznego i struktury powłok PVD i CVD na trwałość eksploatacyjną ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z ceramiki typu Si3N4 oraz sialonu

Staszuk M., Pakuła D., Dobrzański L. A.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2013

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Vol. 34, nr 6

899--902

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury i własności powłok uzyskanych techniką katodowego odparowania łukowego (CAE-PVD) oraz chemicznego osadzania z fazy gazowej CVD na płytkach wieloostrzowych z ceramiki narzędziowej Si3N4 oraz ceramiki βʹ-sialonowej. Badano powłoki wieloskładnikowe i gradientowe będące kombinacją warstw TiN, Ti(B, N), (Ti, Zr)N, Ti(C, N), (Ti, Al)N, (Al, Ti)N, (Al, Cr)N oraz Al2O3. Obserwacje struktury badanych powłok oraz topografii powierzchni dokonano w skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym. Analizę składu chemicznego w mikroobszarach wykonano z wykorzystaniem techniki EDS oraz profilowej analizy metodą GDOES. Do analizy składu fazowego zastosowano metodę dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej. Wykonane badania własności mechanicznych obejmują: pomiary mikrotwardości sposobem Vickersa, pomiary chropowatości Ra, pomiary przyczepności powłok do podłoża w próbie zarysowania. Ponadto na podstawie technologicznej próby toczenia żeliwa szarego określono trwałość eksploatacyjną ostrzy pokrytych badanymi powłokami. Wykazano, iż zastosowanie powłok PVD i CVD wpływa na poprawę własności mechanicznych badanych ostrzy skrawających, a w niektórych przypadkach zwiększa trwałość eksploatacyjną badanych narzędzi.

EN

The paper presents results of investigations of the structure and properties of coatings obtained by cathodic arc evaporation technique (CAE-PVD) and chemical vapour deposition CVD technique plated inserts with Si3N4 tool ceramics and βʹ-sialon ceramics. Multiple and gradient coatings were investigated, these coatings were a combination of layers of TiN, Ti(B, N), (Ti, Zr)N, Ti(C, N), (Ti, Al)N, (Al, Ti)N, (Al, Cr)N and Al2O3.Observations of the structure of investigated coatings and surface topography were performed using the scanning electron microscopy. Analysis of chemical composition in microregions was performed using the EDS technique and profile analysis using the GDOES technique. X-ray diffraction method was used for the analysis of the phase composition. Performed investigations of the mechanical properties include the following measurements: Vickers microhardness, surface roughness Ra, the adhesion of coatings to a substrate using a scratch test method. Moreover, the exploitative durability of edges covered investigated coatings was determined based on the technological turning of a gray cast iron sample. It was found that the application of PVD and CVD coatings improves the mechanical properties of cutting edges investigated, and in some cases increases the exploitative durability of tested tools.

9

Forming of the surface structure and properties of tool‘s ceramic inserts with improved abrasion resistance

Pakuła D.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 64, nr 2

55--96

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to explain the reasons for improved cutting properties of coated tools made of nitride and sialon ceramics by means of investigations into mechanical properties, including microhardness, adhesion and abrasive resistance of the coatings deposited and by means of investigations into the chemical composition and structure of the coatings. Design/methodology/approach: Investigations were performed in the framework of the work accomplished encompassing the following in the first phase: the development of a technology of deposition graded and multiphase coatings using the cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) methods; investigations were carried out in the second phase into the structure and properties of coatings deposited onto ceramic tool materials with the following required properties: high adhesion, microhardness, high resistance to abrasive, corrosive and diffusion wear in the working conditions of high-performance cuttings tools. Findings: The coating deposition technologies (coating systems) employed for coatings deposited in PVD processes of cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) and in a high-temperature CVD process on tool ceramics are eligible for widespread industrial applications. Practical implications: Investigations into the service life have allowed to select coatings with the best cutting properties: (Al,Ti)N, (Al,Cr)N, (Al,Cr)N+(Ti,Al)N and T(C,N)+TiN deposited onto sialon ceramics and (Ti,Zr)N, (Ti,Al)N, Al2O3+TiN (1), Al2O3+TiN (2), TiN+Al2O3+TiN, TiN+Al2O3, TiN+Al2O3+TiN+Al2O3+TiN deposited onto nitride ceramics exhibiting best cuttability, which is correlated with their high adhesion to the substrate and high hardness. The above-mentioned coatings enhance the lifespan of a cutting edge by up to 550% and for this reason, the coatings are eligible for widespread industrial applications in cutting tools. Originality/value: An original achievement of the work - as a result of the conducted cutting tests with varied technological parameters and based on the results of investigations of mechanical and structural properties - is that an application recommendation is proposed for the developed PVD and CVD coatings deposited onto ceramic tool materials for industrial applications.

10

Investigations of the structure and properties of PVD coatings deposited onto sintered tool materials

Pakuła D., Staszuk M., Dobrzański L. A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 58, nr 2

219--226

EN

Purpose: The paper presents investigation results of the structure and properties of the coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation - physical vapour deposition (CAE-PVD) techniques on the sialon tool ceramics. The Ti(B,N), Ti(C,N), (Ti,Zr)N, (Ti,Al)N and multilayer (Al,Cr)N+(Ti,Al)N, (Ti,Al)N+(Al,Cr)N coatings were investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The structural investigation includes the metallographic analysis on the scanning electron microscope. Examinations of the chemical compositions of the deposited coatings were carried out using the X-ray energy dispersive spectrograph EDS. The investigation includes also analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of the material: microhardness tests of the deposited coatings, surface roughness tests, evaluation of the adhesion of the deposited coatings and tribological test made with the „pin-on-disk”. Findings: Deposition of the multicomponent coatings with the PVD method, on tools made from sialon’s ceramics, results in the increase of mechanical properties in comparison with uncoated tool materials, deciding thus the improvement of their working properties. Practical implications: The multicomponent coating carried out on multi point inserts (made on sintered sialon’s ceramics) can be used in the pro-ecological dry cutting processes without using cutting fluids. However, application of this coating to cover sialon ceramics demands still both elaborating and improvement adhesion to substrates in order to introduce these to industrial applications. Originality/value: The paper presents some researches of multicomponent coatings deposited by PVD method on sialon tool ceramics

11

Structure and properties of multicomponent coatings deposited onto sialon tool ceramics

Pakuła D.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 52, nr 1

54-60

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate structure, mechanical and functional properties of sialon tool ceramics with wear resistant multicomponent coatings deposited with PVD method. Design/methodology/approach: The structural investigation includes the metallographic analysis on the scanning electron microscope. Examinations of the chemical compositions of the deposited coatings were carried out using the X-ray energy dispersive spectrograph EDS, and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscope GDOS. The investigation includes also analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of the material: microhardness tests of the deposited coatings, surface roughness tests, evaluation of the adhesion of the deposited coatings and tribological test made with the "pin-on-disk". Findings: Deposition of the multicomponent coatings with the PVD method, on tools made from sialon's ceramics, results in the increase of mechanical properties in comparison with uncoated tool materials, deciding thus the improvement of their working properties. Practical implications: The multicomponent coating carried out on multi point inserts (made on sintered sialon's ceramics) can be used in the pro-ecological dry cutting processes without using cutting fluids. However, application of this coating to cover sialon ceramics demands still both elaborating and improvement adhesion to substrates in order to introduce these to industrial applications. Originality/value: The paper presents some researches of multicomponent coatings deposited by PVD method on sialon tool ceramics.

12

Long-term development directions of PVD/CVD coatings deposited onto sintered tool materials

Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A., Gołombek K., Pakuła D., Mikuła J., Staszuk M., Żukowska L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 49, nr 2

69-96

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate strategic development perspectives of physical/ chemical vapour deposition of monolayer, multilayer and gradient coatings onto sintered tool materials with cemented carbides, cermets and tool ceramics substrates. The coating type was adopted as the criterion for technology division, thus obtaining eight technology groups for carried out research. Design/methodology/approach: In the framework of foresight-materials science research: a group of matrices characterising technology strategic position was created, materials science experiments using high-class specialised equipment were conducted and technology roadmaps were prepared. Findings: High potential and attractiveness were shown of the analysed technologies against the environment, as well as a promising improvement of mechanical and functional properties as a result of covering with the PVD/CVD coatings. Research limitations/implications: Research pertaining to covering sintered tool materials with the PVD/CVD coatings is part of a bigger research project aimed at selecting, researching and characterizing priority innovative material surface engineering technologies. Practical implications: The presented results of experimental materials science research prove the significant positive impact of covering with the PVD/CVD coatings on the structure and mechanical properties of sintered tool materials, which leads to the justification of their including into the set of priority innovative technologies recommended for application in industrial practice. Originality/value: The advantage of the article are results of comparative analysis of sintered tools materials with different types of coatings deposited in the PVD/CVD processes together with the recommended strategies of conduct, strategic development tracks and roadmaps of these technologies.

13

Investigation of PVD coatings deposited on the Si3N4 and sialon tool ceramics

Pakuła D., Dobrzański L., Křiž A., Staszuk M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 46, nr 1

53-60

EN

Purpose: The paper presents investigation results of the structure and properties of the coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation - physical vapour deposition (CAE-PVD) techniques on the Si3N4 and sialon tool ceramics. The Ti(B,N), Ti(C,N), (Ti,Zr)N and (Ti,Al)N coatings were investigated. Design/methodology/approach: The structural investigation includes the metallographic analysis on the scanning electron microscope. Examinations of the chemical compositions of the deposited coatings were carried out using the X-ray energy dispersive spectrograph EDS and using the X-ray diffractometer. The investigation includes also analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of the material: microhardness tests of the deposited coatings, surface roughness tests, evaluation of the adhesion of the deposited coatings. Findings: Deposition of the multicomponent gradient coatings with the PVD method, based on the B, Al and Zr solid secondary solution in the TiN titanium nitride, isomorphous with the alternating pure titanium nitride TiN, on tools made from nitride ceramics and sialon's ceramics, results in the increase of mechanical properties in comparison with uncoated tool materials, deciding thus the improvement of their working properties. Research limitations/implications: Ti(B,N), Ti(C,N), (Ti,Zr)N and (Ti,Al)N multicomponent and gradient coatings can be applied for cutting ceramic tools. Originality/value: Comparison of the wide

14

Studying of kinetic growth of organic thin films

Weszka J. P., Jarka P., Pakuła D., Dobrzański L. A., Domański M., Jurusik J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 1

29-36

EN

Purpose: of this paper: Studying of growth kinetic of organic thin film prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation technology. Design/methodology/approach: Applying of quartz crystal microbalance to thickness control of organic thin films deposition process. Findings: Results of this issue suggesting that the kinetics of organic thin films is depending of current flowing through the crucible (crucible temperature). Research limitations/implications: Kinetics of vacuum evaporation of thin film is different from that of inorganic thin films during the growth process. Practical implications: The means of connect the quartz crystal microbalance MSV 1843/AB with vacuum chamber, function and means of thickness and deposition rate measuring has been described. This scientific paper include also description of researching results of kinetics of organic and metallic thin film evaporation process by MSV 1843/AB quartz crystal microbalance and verification these results by comparing them with results from other measuring techniques. Originality/value: Controlling thickness of thermally evaporated organic thin film during the film growth process.

15

Influence of the PVD and CVD technologies on the residual macrostresses and functional properties of the coated tool ceramics

Dobrzański L. A., Skrzypek S., Pakuła D., Mikuła J., Křiž A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 2

162-168

EN

Purpose: The goal of this work is to compare the macro-stresses as well as mechanical and functional properties of the PVD and CVD coatings deposited on oxide and nitride ceramics tool. Design/methodology/approach: In the paper the residual macro-stresses of PVD and CVD coatings deposited on tool ceramics substrates, measured with the application of the grazing angle X-ray diffraction geometry are compared in relation to the fundamental mechanical properties like hardness and adhesion. Findings: Basing on the tribological test made by the use of the „pin-on-disk” method, the influence of the residual macro-stresses to wear resistance is being investigated. Practical implications: The process of covering tools with the thin wear resistant PVD and CVD coatings is currently the most commonly method used to extend their life. Investigations of those coatings determining their mechanical properties, chemical composition, and structure, enable to pick out the optimum coatings for given industrial applications. Originality/value: New X-ray diffraction g-sin2ř method based on glancing angle X-ray beam geometry (GID), macro-stresses of the examined CVD and PVD coatings have been measured.

16

Sintered tool materials with multi-component PVD gradient coatings

Gołombek K., Mikuła J., Pakuła D., Żukowska L. W., Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 31, nr 1

15-22

EN

Purpose: The main aim of researches was investigation of structure and properties of the (Ti, Al, Si)N gradient wear resistant coatings. Design/methodology/approach: The structural investigations include the metallographic analysis on the transmission and scanning electron microscope. Examinations of the chemical compositions of the deposited coatings were carried out using the X-ray energy dispersive spectrograph EDS, glow-discharge optical emission spectroscope GDOES, auger electron spectroscope (AES) and using the X-ray diffractometer. The investigations include also analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of the materials: substrate hardness tests and microhardness tests of the deposited coatings, surface roughness tests, evaluation of the adhesion of the deposited coatings as well as cutting properties. Findings: Deposition of the multicomponent gradient coatings with the PVD method, based on the Al and Si solid secondary solution in the TiN titanium nitride, isomorphous with the alternating pure titanium nitride TiN, on tools made from oxide, nitride ceramics and tool cermets, results in the increase of mechanical properties in comparison with uncoated tool materials, deciding thus the improvement of their working properties. Practical implications: Deposition of (Ti, Al, Si)N nanocrystalline coatings by the use of PVD method causes the increase of cutting properties of tools made of cermets for ca. 300% and of Al2O3+ZrO2 for ca. 100% comparing to adequately uncoated tools. Originality/value: Comparison of the wide range of modern sintered tool materials with wide unique set of PVD coatings.

17

Multilayer and gradient PVD coatings on the sintered tool materials

Dobrzański L., Gołombek K., Mikuła J., Pakuła D.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 31, nr 2

170-190

EN

Purpose: The paper presents investigation results of structure and properties of the multilayer and gradient TiN+(Ti,Al,Si)N+TiN nanocrystalline coatings deposited with the PVD method (CAE -Cathodic Arc Evaporation process) and in the combination of Al2O3 and TiN coatings in the CVD process on the substrate of cemented carbides,cermets, Al2O3+ZrO2, Al2O3+TiC, Al2O3+SiC(w) oxide ceramics and Si3N4 nitride ceramics. Design/methodology/approach: The structural investigation includes the metallographic analysis on thetransmission and scanning electron microscope, confocal microscope. Examinations of the chemicalcompositions of the deposited coatings were carried out using the X-ray energy dispersive spectrograph EDS, glow-discharge optical emission spectroscope GDOS, and using the X-ray diffractometer. The investigation includes also analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of the material: substrate hardness tests and microhardness tests of the deposited coatings, surface roughness tests, evaluation of the adhesion of the deposited coatings, cutting properties of the investigated materials. Findings: Deposition of the multicomponent gradient coatings with the PVD method, based on the Al and Si solid secondary solution in the TiN titanium nitride, isomorphous with the alternating pure titanium nitride TiN, on tools made from oxide, nitride ceramics and tool cermets, results in the increase of mechanical properties in comparison with uncoated tool materials, deciding thus the improvement of their working properties. Practical implications: Deposition of (Ti,Al,Si)N nanocrystalline coatings by the use of PVD method causes the increase of cutting properties of tools made of cermets for ca. 300% and of Al2O3+ZrO2 for ca. 100% comparing to adequately uncoated tools. Originality/value: Comparison of the wide range of modern sintered tool materials with wide unique set of PVD coatings.

18

Investigation of the structure and properties of PVD and CVD coatings deposited on the Si3N4 nitride ceramics

Pakuła D., Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 24, nr 2

79-82

EN

Purpose: Comprehensive structure and properties investigation results of the multilayer, multi-component, gradient PVD and CVD coatings developed on the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics substrate are presented in the paper. Design/methodology/approach: The detailed results are presented of examinations carried out on the transmission and scanning electron microscopes, as well as of the mechanical properties and tribological tests of the investigated coatings. Findings: The research carried out proved that depositing the hard, anti wear, multilayer coatings based on the Al2O3 and TiN layers onto the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics with the PVD method results in obtaining better functional properties like extension of the cutting tool life, than in case of the uncoated nitride ceramics or coated with the PVD coatings and some CVD ones. Research limitations/implications: Pro-ecological dry cutting processes without the use of the cutting fluids and in the "Near-Net-Shape" technology. Originality /value: In the paper the research coatings deposited in the PVD and CVD methods on sintered tool materials carried out in order to improve the tool cutting properties.

19

Fractal and multifractal characteristics of CVD coatings deposited onto the nitride tool ceramics

Kwaśny W., Pakuła D., Woźniak M., Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

371-374

EN

Purpose: The goal of this work is the fractal and multifractal characteristics of the TiN+Al2O3 and Al2O3+TiN coatings obtained in the CVD process on the Si3N4 tool ceramics substrate. Design/methodology/approach: The investigations were carried out of the multi-edge inserts from the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics uncoated and coated with the TiN+Al2O3 and Al2O3+TiN coatings deposited in the CVD process. Determining the fractal dimension and the multifractal analysis of the examined coatings were made basing on measurements obtained from the AFM microscope, using the projective covering method. Findings: Investigations carried out confirm that the fractal dimension and parameters describing the multifractal spectrum shape may be used for characterizing and comparing surfaces of coatings obtained in the CVD processes and of the substrate material from the Si3N4 nitride tool ceramics. Research limitations/implications: Investigation or relationship between parameters describing the multifractal spectrum and physical properties of the examined materials calls for further analyses. Originality/value: Employment of multifractal geometry in materials engineering provides the opportunity to work out more complete, also quantitative, characteristics of properties of the investigated objects. Multifractal analysis makes it possible to characterise in the quantitative way the extent of irregularities of the analysed surface.

20

APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SERVICE PROPERTIES OF CVD COATINGS AND THEIR MULTIFRACTAL PARAMETERS

Kwaśny W., Sitek W., Pakuła D., Dobrzański L. A.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2007

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Vol. 28, nr 3-4

660-665

EN

Test results of the uncoated and coated with TiC+TiN, Ti(C,N)+TiN, TiC+Ti(C,N)+Al203+TiN, TiN+ Al203, Al203+TiN coatings in the CVD process tool ceramics are presented in the paper. Values of the surface fractal dimension and the multifractal spectra were determined using the projective covering method basing on data obtained on the atomic force microscope AFM. The paper presents test results of mechanical properties, including thickness, hardness, and roughness tests, as well as of the service properties. Moreover, analysis was carried out of the relationship between the selected service properties, including roughness, micro-hardness and cutting ability, and parameters describing the multifractal properties of the CVD coatings. Neural network models were developed based on the experimental results, making it possible to determine the relationship between the coatings properties and some of the parameters describing the multifractal spectrum.

PL

W pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki badań ceramiki narzędziowej niepok oraz pokrytej powłokami TiC+TiN, Ti(C,N)+TiN, TiC+Ti(C,N)+Al203+T TiN+ A1203, Al203+Tin w procesie CVD. Wykorzystując skalowanie metodą pokryciową wyznaczono wartości powierzchniowego wymiaru fraktalnego oraz widma multifraktalne na podstawie rezultatów uzyskanych w mikroskopie oddziaływań międzyatomowych AFM. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiaru własności mechanicznych w tym pomiarów grubości, twardości oraz chropowatości oraz własności eksploatacyjnych. Ponadto dokonano analizy zależności między wybranymi własnościami użytkowymi, w tym chropowatości, mikrotwardości i skrawności a parametrami opisującymi widmo multifraktalne powłok CVD. Na podstawie zbioru wyników badań doświadczalnych opracowano modele sieci neuronowych pozwalające na stwierdzenie występowania zależności pomiędzy własnościami powłok a niektórymi z parametrów opisującymi widmo mutlifraktalne.