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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2025

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Nutrient fate after the coagulation–flocculation process of fish-farm water using green coagulant

Hussain Ameer, Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 5

65--72

The aquaculture industry requires to change the water of fish aquarium every day to maintain high production quality. In this study, we assessed the use of the coagulation–flocculation process to treat fish-farm water with green coagulant concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mg/L) to remove turbidity, total suspended solid (TSS), and total dissolved solid (TDS). Phosphate (PO4) and nitrate (NO3) throughout the treatment were detected in fish-farm water, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were conducted for green coagulant and flocs. Jar tests revealed that the coagulants were able to reduce turbidity – 87%, TSS – 72.72%, and TDS – 8.33% and turbidity –90%, TSS – 86.36%, and TDS – 9.16% by palm pith and watermelon rinds respectively at a dosage of 100 mg/L. Through FTIR analyses, cellulosic materials were found in green coagulant which contributed to the efficacy of the coagulant. Additionally, phosphate increased in water owing to its release from palm pith and watermelon rinds, as confirmed by FTIR results. This study concluded that recovered nutrients and treated water contributed to the enhancement in plant growth as fertiliser and irrigation water.

Hybrid system using local plant as sustainable coagulation-flocculation process

Hussain Ameer, Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 1

286--293

Coagulation-flocculation is widely used in the treatment of water and wastewater to remove suspended and colloidal particles. Most chemical coagulants used are synthetic and after treatment, the sludge residuals will be toxic and unable to recovery as fertilizer. This study used natural coagulants which are safe because after treatment, the sludge residual no toxic. Seven types of natural coagulants were selected from Iraqi plants to investigate the 500 NTU turbidity removal prepared from Kaolin powder. The experiment parameters were coagulant concentrations ranging from 0 to 10.000 mg/L, fast mixing (200 rpm) for 5 minutes, slow mixing (30 rpm) for 15 minutes, and 25 minutes of sedimentation time. Thereafter, a hybrid system is investigated for the best three natural coagulants with aid alum concentrations of 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L. Results show that the three most effective natural coagulants had turbidity removal of 48, 47, and 47 for palm fiber, palm pith, and watermelon rinds, respectively, at 500 mg/L concentration. For a hybrid system, the best one is with 10 mg/L alum aid with 66% turbidity removal efficiencies for watermelon rinds at 500 mg/L concentration. Natural coagulant is a sustainable solution for a safe environment.