Miasta stanowią szczególnie ważny podmiot realizacji zrównoważonego rozwoju. Na terenach zurbanizowanych następuje koncentracja wyzwań o charakterze ekonomicznym, społecznym i środowiskowym. Kierunek realizowanej polityki lokalnej w dużym zakresie determinowany jest przez system sprawowania władzy lokalnej. W obszarze tym coraz częściej podkreślane jest znaczenie zarządzania partycypacyjnego. Aktywny udział mieszkańców stanowi element budowania społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Lepsze rozpoznanie potrzeb mieszkańców służy optymalizacji oferty miejskiej i poprawie efektywności realizowanych przez miasto zadań. W całokształcie proces ten przekłada się na poprawę jakości życia i przyczynia się do zrównoważonego rozwoju miasta. Celem badawczym artykułu jest rozpoznanie zależności pomiędzy partycypacją obywatelską a polityką zrównoważonego rozwoju na przykładzie miasta Zabrze.
EN
Cities are a particularly important subject of implementation of sustainable development. In urban areas occur challenges of economic, social and environmental character. The direction of local policy is largely determined by a system of local government. In this area an importance of participatory management is more and more emphasised. An active participation of inhabitants is a part of building of a civil society. Better recognition of needs of the residents is used to optimize an offer of the city and to improve an effectiveness of the works realized by the city. Totally, this process leads to higher quality of life and contributes to sustainable development. The research aim of this article is to identify the connections between civil participation and the policy of sustainable development showing a case study of the city of Zabrze.
Civic participation is becoming more and more important topic of public discourse in Poland. Its meaning is analysed not only in terms of democratization process but also in practical terms of creating urban commons. Besides private and public goods these goods determine local development. The aim of the article is to identify connections between civic participation and creation of the urban commons. The article presents the mechanisms of governance in the process of local development and the tools of citizen’s participation in the cities in Poland. The outcomes are the result of the detailed studies of theory and research, as well as own research and authors’ observations related to the commons.
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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kluczowych zagadnień gospodarki przestrzennej na szczeblu lokalnym w ujęciu teorii zrównoważonego rozwoju. Artykuł z pewnością nie wyczerpuje tego obszernego i interdyscyplinarnego tematu, a wskazuje jedynie na najbardziej istotne determinanty i bariery zrównoważonej gospodarki przestrzennej. Sygnalizuje ponadto główne kierunki przeciwdziałania patologiom przestrzennym w Polsce.
EN
Article presents the key issues of spatial economy at the local level in accordance to the theory of sustainable development. One of the basic premise of sustainable spatial economy is including interactions between social, economic and environmental spheres, between natural and anthropogenic components of local development and between past, present and future. Sustainable development requires proactive and integral approach towards shaping urban functional and spatial structure. Furthermore, one of determinant of local sustainable development is to include the outlook of the inhabitants. If development of Polish cities is to be sustainable, directed to the category of quality of life of its inhabitants, reorientation of spatial policy and public spaces policy is needed. So far, the lack of spatial order is a fact in Poland and public space is not valued enough in spatial policy.
Blood platelet proteome of hemodialyzed uremic patients exhibits significant difference in comparison to the blood platelet proteome of healthy subjects. This alteration is manifested by the presence of high concentrations of low molecular peptides within the whole range of pI. Increased platelet apoptosis has been put forward as a possible cause of this phenomenon (1). The aim of the present research was to assess whether blood platelet populations from hemodialyzed uremic patients exhibit more binding sites for Annexin V (a marker of apoptosis) than control samples from healthy donors. Blood was obtained from uremic patients immediately before and after hemodialysis. At the same time samples from control healthy donors were also collected. Blood was anticoagulated with sodium citrate and was immediately exposed to propidium iodide, fluorescent labeled Annexin V and CD61 antibodies. The samples were incubated for 10 minutes in the dark and next the labeled samples were processed in a BectonDickinson FACScan flow cytofluorymeter. Our preliminary study was performed for 12 hemodialyzed patients, 13nondialyzed uremic patientsand 12 controls. It was found that the blood platelet population of hemodialyzed patients exhibited significantly higher level of fluorescence intensity attributed to Annexin V. Furthermore, this intensity was comparable before and after hemodialysis and was independent on patient age. The results support the hypothesis that blood platelet contact with artificial surfaces during the process of hemodialysys may be partially responsible for triggering blood platelet apoptosis.
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