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1

Mite (Acari) occurrence in selected substrates used for a restoration of degraded soils

Klimek A., Chachaj B., Gackowski G., Dąbrowski J.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2018

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nr II/1

277--291

EN

The number and groups of mites (Acari) and species composition of oribatid mites (Oribatida) were analysed in three different substrates used for the restoration of degraded soils: (1) pine forest litter, (2) apple orchard litter, and (3) pine chips. The study was conducted in the years 2011-2012, on microplots of the area of 1m2 , established in a belt of trees of a nursery in Białe Błota (Bydgoszcz Forest District). Average biannual mite density per 50 cm3 of the investigated substrates ranged from 14.6 to 54.43 individuals. The highest numbers of mites were found in shredded forest litter and the lowest in pine chips. The most abundant mites in the studied material were oribatid mites, accounting for 57.3 % of these arthropods. The highest number of oribatid mites was found in the forest litter (28), and the lowest (20) in pine chips. The number of species in both types of litter was similar in the first and second year of the study, but it rose three times in the pine chips substrate over the study period. Oribatid species in the litter substrates were dominated by the eurytopic Tectocepheus velatus, and the most abundant species in the pine chips substrate was Oribatula tibialis. The experiment indicated a possibility of practical use of the shredded litter in the reintroduction of soil mesofauna and soil regeneration. This may facilitate the soil inoculation process, e.g., by using seeders specially adapted for this purpose. Additionally, a quick colonization of wood chips by acarofauna may suggest the possibility of using them as an excellent substrate for soil regeneration.

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The presence of mites (Acari) in pine wood chips enriched with peat and lignite inoculated with forest litter and irrigated

Klimek A., Chachaj B., Gackowski G.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr II/1

483--493

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of mites (Acari), with special focus on indicator oribatid mites (Oribatida), in control pine wood chips and pine wood chips enriched with peat and lignite inoculated with forest litter and irrigated. The study was conducted in 2013 on microplots (1 x 1 m) located within a belt of trees in a nursery in Białe Błota. The experiments included the following variants: C - pine wood chips, Ec - pine wood chips inoculated with forest litter, Ec+Pe - pine wood chips enriched with deacidified high peat (20%) (pH 5.5-6.5) and inoculated with forest litter, Ec+Ca - pine wood chips enriched with granulated lignite (20%) (granule size 1-10 mm) inoculated with forest litter. The addition of forest litter caused an increase in total number of mites in the control pine wood chips and those enriched with peat. Mites belonging to Mesostigmata order prevailed in control chips and those enriched with forest litter and peat, while Oribatida were dominant mites in the other variants. Considering the results for the entire year, 20% addition of peat and lignite negatively affected the presence of oribatid mites, thus indicating a reduced biological activity of the substrates. The populations of oribatid mites on all microplots were clearly dominated by Oribatula tibialis, and Tectocepheus velatus and Adoristes ovatus were slightly less common.

3

Occurrence of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) on the sites of a new species Hierochloë repens (Host) P.B. in Bydgoszcz area

Klimek A., Gęsiński K., Gackowski G., Kobierski M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr IV/2

1713--1724

EN

The study was conducted within the Bydgoszcz limits and in the vicinity of city Bydgoszcz at seven different habitats of Hierochloë repens presence: city district Fordon - (1), (2), (3) and (4); city district Kapuściska - (5), and Białe Błota near Bydgoszcz - (6) and (7). Samples for acarological analyses were collected from the plots covered with Hierochloë repens in spring (27 May) and autumn (28 October) 2014. The density of oribatid mites on the sites with Hierochloë repens was highly variable. High density of these microarthropods was characteristic of plots (2) with Convolvulo-Brometum inermis, (5) with Arrhenatheretum elatioris and (7) covered with grassy herbaceous plants growing on fertile soils. Particularly low density of oribatid mites was observed for plot (3) with Koelerio-Corynephoretea and Festuco-Brometea communities and the lowest content of carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Depending on the site and sample collection time, four to 22 species of oribatid mites were identified. Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) of mean number of species per sample s identified two groups of plots for both sample collection terms characterized by either low (1.00-3.10) or high values (3.30-7.40) of this parameter. The first group included plots (1), (3) and (6), and the second (2), (4), (5) and (7). The following species of oribatid mites dominated on the plots covered with Hierochloë repens: Tectocepheus velatus - (1), (2) and (6); Scheloribates laevigatus - (3), Oppiella nova - (4), Eupelops occultus - (5), Liebstadia similis - (7).

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Mite (Acari) colonization of pine chips alone and pine chips supplemented with forest litter, peat and lignite in revitalization of degraded forest soils

Klimek A., Chachaj B., Gackowski G., Kosakowski L.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr IV/2

1577--1590

EN

The aim of this study was to compare colonization of pine chips without supplements and pine chips supplemented with forest litter, peat and lignite by mites (Acari), and particularly oribatid mites (Oribatida) in a two-year cycle. The study was conducted in the years 2013-2014, on microplots established in a belt of trees in a nursery in Białe Błota within Bydgoszcz Forest District. The experiment was established on four microplots (1 x 1 m). It included the following variants: C - pine chips alone, Lf – pine chips inoculated with fresh forest litter, Lf+Pe – pine chips enriched with deacidified high peat (20%) (pH 5.5-6.5) and inoculated with the litter, Lf+Li - pine chips enriched with granulated lignite (20%) inoculated with the litter. In the first year of the study, mite abundance in the chips inoculated with forest litter was significantly higher than that on microplot C. In the second year of the experiment, the abundance of these microarthropods decreased probably due to unfavorable weather conditions. The most common group of mites were usually oribatid mites that accounted for 19.7 to 80.4% of all mites. An analysis of seasonal dynamics of Oribatida abundance over the entire study cycle revealed a clear increase in their numbers in non-supplemented pine chips only on the last sampling date. Oribatida abundance in Lf variant was similar at the beginning and end of the study. Contrary to that, their number decreased in the chips supplemented with peat, and particularly those enriched with lignite. In total, 36 species of oribatid mites were identified on all microplots. The greatest boost in species diversity after the introduction of forest litter was observed in Lf chips and the smallest in Lf + Li variant. Oribatula tibialis was the most common oribatid mite in the investigated substrates. Low numbers of Oppiella nova and Tectocepheus velatus, the species having trophic associations with fungi, may indicate poor colonization of the chips, particularly those enriched with lignite, by saprotrophic organisms.

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Use of composted sludge and forest ectohumus to enrich soil in two - and three-year cultivation of common beech seedlings

Rolbiecki S., Klimek A., Rolbiecki R., Figas A., Ptach W., Gackowski G.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr IV/1

1057--1069

EN

This study examined the effect of fertilisation with compost prepared from hygienised sludge with an addition of pine-tree bark and mulching with fresh forest ectohumus on selected growth parameters in two – and three-year seedlings of common beech and the occurrence of mites (Acari) in soil. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2010 in the Białe Błota forest nursery (Bydgoszcz Forest District) on proper rusty soil. The entire area of the experiment was irrigated with a stationary sprinkler. The beech seedlings on the plots where compost had been used as fertiliser were significantly taller than those growing on the plots where mineral fertilisers had been applied. Mulching increased the height of the seedlings significantly only in the last, third year of the study. The tallest three-year-old seedlings were found on the plots in which both of the tested procedures had been carried out. Neither of the factors under study had a significant effect on the diameter of the root neck in the second year of the nursery cultivation, but they increased it significantly in the third year. Fertilisation with compost with an addition of pine-tree bark increased the number of leaves per plant and the leaf area in two – and three-year-old seedlings. A beneficial and significant effect of mulching on these parameters was found in the third year of cultivation. A significantly positive effect of mulching on the mite gathering density was recorded in the second year of the nursery cultivation. However, both of the experimental factors had a positive effect on the occurrence of those arthropods in the third year of the study. Oribatid mites were the most numerous mite order and they were found in the greatest density on plots where mulching had been applied. Fertilisation and mulching increased the Oribatida/Actinedida ratio, which may indicate an improvement of the biological balance in the soil environment.

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Use of composted sludge and forest ectohumus to enrich soil in two - and three-year cultivation of scots pine in a forest nursery

Rolbiecki S., Klimek A., Rolbiecki R., Figas A., Ptach W., Gackowski G.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr IV/1

1117--1128

EN

This study examined the effect of fertilisation with compost prepared from hygienised sludge with an addition of pine-tree bark and mulching with fresh forest ectohumus on selected growth parameters for two - and three-year-old Scots pine trees and on the incidence of mites (Acari) in the soil. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2010 in the Białe Błota forest nursery (Bydgoszcz Forest District) on proper rusty soil. The entire area of the experiment was irrigated with a stationary sprinkler. Organic fertilisation with compost prepared from hygienised sludge with an addition of pine-tree bark resulted in a significant increase in the plant height and the diameter of the root neck in two-year-old pine trees. The effect of mulching on these parameters was not significant. The synergistic effect of the factors on the plant height and the diameter of the root neck was not significant. Organic fertilisation significantly increased the height of 3-year-old pine trees, whereas it did not have a significant effect on the root neck diameter. Mulching increased the plant height significantly, but no statistical effect on the diameter of the root neck was demonstrated. Although no significant interaction of either experimental factors in their effect on the plant height and the diameter in the root neck was observed, the parameters tended to increase in the experimental option, which included organic fertilisation and mulching. Mulching had a significant effect on the presence of soil mites, especially oribatid mites (Oribatida). Their density increased greatly after the procedure. This growth, as well as an increase in the ratio of Oribatida to Actinedida could be a sign of improvement of the biological balance of the soils under study and their biological activity.

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Occurrence of mites (Acari) in the soil of a blackcurrant plantation after applications of organic mulches and mycorrhizal inoculum

Klimek A., Chachaj B., Gackowski G., Sas-Paszt L., Treder W., Malusa E., Przybył M., Frąc M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr IV/2

1287--1296

EN

The study was conducted in the Pomological Orchard of the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice on a plantation of blackcurrant cultivar ‘Tiben’. The following variants of the experiment were applied: control – NPK fertilization only, mulching with a peat substrate, shredded pine bark, sawdust of coniferous trees, bovine manure, plant compost, straw of cereals, and application of mycorrhizal inoculant MYKOFLOR. Mulching was performed each year in the spring in an amount of 25 dm3 per plot, and the inoculum was applied in an amount of 10 ml per shrub. Samples for acarological examinations were collected at 4 times, in the spring and autumn of successive seasons in 2012-2013. An increase in the overall density of mites, in comparison with the control surface, was observed after mulching the soil with sawdust of coniferous trees and plant compost. On all the plots, the communities of mites were dominated by mites of the order oribatid mites. For these mites, a statistically significant increase density was recorded after mulching the soil with sawdust of coniferous trees, bovine manure and plant compost. Mulching did not increase significantly the species diversity of oribatid mites. The soil of the blackcurrant plantation was found to be inhabited by relatively large numbers of two common oribatid mites species: Punctoribates punctum and Tectocepheus velatus. An increase in the population density of Punctoribates punctum was observed after mulching with peat, sawdust and compost.

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Wzrost płoci (Rutilus rutilus L.) z rzeki Brdy

Dąbrowski J., Gackowski G.

Ekologia i Technika

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2016

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R. 24, nr 1

38--40

PL

Materiał do badań w liczbie 200 osobników płoci, w tym 112 samic i 88 samców pozyskano z dolnego biegu rzeki Brdy na terenie miasta Bydgoszcz. Płoć poławiano na wędkę na początku kwietnia 2014 r. Na każdym osobniku przeprowadzano pomiary długości ciała z dokładnością do l mm. Masę ciała określano z dokładnością do l g. Wiek oznaczano na podstawie łusek. Współczynnik kondycji obliczano za pomocą wzoru podanego przez Fultona, biorąc pod uwagę długość ciała w cm i masę całkowitą ciała w g. Samice płoci w porównaniu z samcami w poszczególnych grupach wieku osiągały podobne rozmiary długości ciała. Osobniki obu badanych płci w analizowanych grupach wieku charakteryzowały się zbliżoną masą ciała i kondycją. Płocie z rzeki Brdy na tle płoci pochodzących z innych środowisk słodkowodnych charakteryzowały się przeciętnym wzrostem długości i masy ciała.

EN

The research material of 200 specimens of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), including 112 female and 88 male specimens, was caught in the lower Brda River at the April 2014. Length of body of each specimen was measured with accuracy of l mm directly after the catch. Mass of body was measured with accuracy of 1 g. Age was established on the basis of scales. The condition of roach was calculated using the Fulton formula. Female specimens in comparison to males were similar body size of the age groups. Male and female specimens were achieved similar body mass and condition of the age groups. Roach from lower Brda River were of average growth in comparison to roach inhabiting other sweet water environments.

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Cechy mierzalne uklei (Alburnus alburnus L.) z dolnego biegu rzeki Wisły

Dąbrowski J., Gackowski G.

Ekologia i Technika

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2014

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R. 22, nr 5

263--266

PL

Ukleje do badań poławiano z rzeki Wisły na początku czerwca 2012 roku na terenie miasta Toruń. Ogółem pozyskano 107 uklei, w tym 66 samic 141 samców. Na każdym osobniku przeprowadzano 16 pomiarów liniowych z dokładnością do 0,1 mm, które następnie wyrażano w procentach długości ciała. Osobniki obu badanych płci uklei z dolnego biegu Wisły charakteryzowały się bardzo zbliżoną budową ciała. Samce w porównaniu z samicami miały wyższą płetwę grzbietową i dłuższe płetwy piersiowe, lecz w praktyce różnice te są trudne do zauważenia. Ukleje z dolnego biegu rzeki Wisły kształtem ciała nie odbiegały zasadniczo od uklei żyjących w środkowym biegu tej rzeki oraz w innych rzekach.

EN

Bleaks for research were caught in the river Vistula at the beglnning of June 2012 within the city of Toruń. A total of 107 bleak were caught, including 66 females and 41 males. 16 linear measurements were conducted on each one with an accuracy of 0, l mm, later they were shown in percentage of body length. Both male and female bleak from the lower reaches of Vistula were characterised with a very similar body. Males in comparison to females had a higher dorsal fin and longer pectoral fins, however in practice those differences arę difficult to notice. Bleaks from the lower reaches of Vistula are not much different from bleaks living in middle reaches of this river or other rivers.

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Measurable traits of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) living in a lower course of the vistula river

Dąbrowski J., Chachaj B., Gackowski G.

Ekologia i Technika

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2013

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R. 21, nr 1

12-15

EN

The research material comprising 76 perches (Perca Jluuia tilis L.) was obtained from the Vistula river in the city of Toruń. The fishings were made using a spinning rod, from mid-July to mid-October in 2010 and 2011. Twenty-three linear measurements were taken of each fish. Measurable traits were expressed in the percentage of body length and for each of them the following were calculated: arithmetic mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Positive and statistically significant dependencies of measurable traits under analysis on perch's body length were observed. The coefficient of correlation oscillated between r= 0,727 (relation between the length of caudal fin upper lobe and body length) and r= 0,992 (relation between total body length and body length). Perches from the lower course of the Vistula River, when compared with perches living in different rivers, demonstrated slightly lower dorsal fin (D2) and anal fin (A), and, in comparison with lake perches, they were characterized with shorter caudal peduncle. Overall, it can be concluded that the perch under analysis substantially did not diverge in terms of body shape from a typical shape known for this species.

PL

Materiał do badań w liczbie 76 osobników okonia (Perca fluviatilis L.) pozyskano z rzeki Wisły na terenie miasta Toruń. Połowów dokonywano za pomocą wędki spinningowej od połowy lipca do połowy października w 2010 i 2011 r. Na każdym osobniku wykonano dwadzieścia trzy pomiary liniowe. Cechy mierzalne wyrażono w procentach długości ciała i dla każdej z nich obliczano: średnią arytmetyczną, odchylenie standardowe i współczynnik zmienności. Stwierdzono dodatnie i statystycznie istotne zależności badanych cech mierzalnych od długości ciała okonia. Wartość współczynnika korelacji wahała się od r= 0,727 (zależność długości górnego płata płetwy ogonowej od długości ciała) do r= 0,992 (zależność długości całkowitej ciała od długości ciała). Okonie z dolnego biegu rzeki Wisły w porównaniu z okoniami z innych rzek miały nieco niższą płetwę grzbietową (D2) i odbytową (A), a w porównaniu z okoniami z jezior charakteryzowały się krótszym trzonem ogonowym. Ogólnie można przyjąć, że badane okonie nie odbiegały zasadniczo kształtem ciała od typowej formy opisanej dla tego gatunku.

11

Calculable and measurable traits of a Prussian carp (Carossius auratus gibelio Bloch) from Lake Gopło

Dąbrowski J., Gackowski G., Chachaj B., Kubiak G.

Ekologia i Technika

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2012

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R. 20, nr 2

102-106

EN

Research material, i.e. 75 Prussian carps (68 females and 7 males) were fished from Lake Gopło in the autumn period in 2011. A set of 20 generally accepted linear measurements were taken on each specimen, and then measurable traits were expressed in the percentage of body length. Additionally, 8 calculable traits were analysed. The specimens of both studied sexes of the Prussian carp achieved very similar results in measurable traits. Prussian carps from Lakę Gopło, when compared with the majority of populations of this species, were characterised with a greater gili raker count, particularly with a number of vertebrae. No significant differences were noted between males and females in terms of measurable traits. In principle, Prussian carps living in Lake Gopło did not differ in their body shape from the typical one known for this species.

PL

Materiał do badań w liczbie 75 osobników karasia srebrzystego, w tym 68 samic i 7 samców odłowiono z jeziora Gopło w okresie jesieni 2011 r. Na każdym osobniku wykonano dwadzieścia ogólnie przyjętych pomiarów liniowych, a następnie cechy mierzalne wyrażono w procentach długości ciała. Ponadto analizowano 8 cech przeliczalnych. Osobniki obu badańych płci karasia srebrzystego w większości analizowanych cech przeliczalnych osiągały bardzo zbliżone wartości. Karasie srebrzyste z jeziora Gopło na tle większości porównywanych populacji tego gatunku wyróżniały się większą liczbą wyrostków filtracyjnych na pierwszym łuku skrzelowym, a zwłaszcza większą liczbą kręgów w kręgosłupie. W cechach mierzalnych nie odnotowano znacznych różnic między samcami i samicami. Karasie srebrzyste z jeziora Gopło nie odbiegały zasadniczo kształtem ciała od typowej formy opisanej dla tego gatunku.

12

Cechy mierzalne uklei (Alburnus alburnus L.) z Kanału Bydgoskiego

Dąbrowski J., Gackowski G., Hoffa M.

Ekologia i Technika

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2010

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R. 18, nr 6

306-309

PL

Do badań cech mierzalnych uklei (Alburnus aibwnus L.) z Kanału Bydgoskiego odłowiono 118 osobników, w tym 82 samice i 36 samców. Na każdym osobniku dokonano 17 pomiarów linlowych z dokładnością do 0,1 mm. Następnie analizowane cechy mierzalne wyrażano w procentach długości ciała. W kilku cechach mierzalnych odnotowano statystycznie istotne różnice między wartościami średnimi samic i samców, lecz w praktyce są one trudne do uchwycenia. Ukleje z Kanału Bydgoskiego w porównaniu z uklejami z rzeki Brdy posiadały dłuższy trzon ogonowy, były mniej wygrzbiecone i w większości posiadały mniejsze płetwy. Badane osobniki bytujące w kanale budową ciała były bardziej zbliżone do uklei zasiedlających jeziora aniżeli rzeki.

EN

In order to check the measurable traits of bleak (Alburnus alburnus L.) from Bydgoski Canal, 118 specimens were caught, including 82 females and 36 males. 17 linear measurements of every specimen were taken within an accuracy of O. l mm. The analyzed measurable traits were expressed as a percentage of body length. As far as some measurable traits were concerned, statistically significant differences between mean values in males and females were found; however, in practice they are difficult to notice. Compared with the bleak from Brda River, the bleak from Bydgoski Canal have longer peduncle, they have smaller dorsal ridges, and most have smaller fins. When it comes to the body structure, the tested specimens living in Bydgoski Canal are more similar to the bleak inhabiting lakes than rivers.

13

Płodność płoci (Rutilus rutilus L.) z dolnego biegu rzeki Brdy

Dąbrowski J., Gackowski G., Hoffa D.

Ekologia i Technika

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2009

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R. 17, nr 5

240-242

PL

Płocie do badań poławiano za pomocą wędki z rzeki Brdy w czwartej dekadzie kwietnia 2008 r. Połowów dokonywano na terenie miasta Bydgoszczy (w pobliżu ulicy Iławskiej). Łącznie do badań pozyskano 130 samic. Płodność absolutną obliczano metodą wagową, a płodność względną wyrażano na l g masy ciała samicy. Płodność absolutna badanych płoci w przedziale długości ciała od 12,7 do 20,7 cm wahała się od 7,3 do 37,7 tyś. jaj. Stwierdzono wyraźne zwiększanie się płodności absolutnej wraz ze wzrostem długości i masy ciała oraz wiekiem. Płodność względna badanych płoci wahała się w granicach od 126 do 265 jaj. Płocie z rzeki Brdy w porównaniu z płociami zasiedlającymi inne rzeki i zbiorniki charakteryzowały się znaczną płodnością.

EN

Roaches to investigation were carried out from Brda river in Bydgoszcz near Iławska street fourth decade of April in 2008, used fishing rod. Total 130 females were investigated. Absolute fecundity was determined with the gravimetric method and relative fecundity was calculated to l g of female's body weight. Absolute fecundity of investigated roaches for the body length from 12,7 to 20,7 cm ranged from 7300 to 37700 eggs. A clear increase of absolute fecundity was observed which were accompanied with increase of body length, weight and age. The relative fecundity of investigated roach ranged from 126 to 265 eggs. Roaches from Brda river had relatively higher fecundity than roaches from other rivers and lakes.

14

Morfometria raka pręgowatego (Orconectes limosus Raf.) z ujścia rzeki Brdy

Dabrowski J., Gackowski G., Kowalewski B.

Ekologia i Technika

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2008

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R. 16, nr 3

120-123

PL

Badania morfometryczne raka pręgowatego (Orco-nectes limosus Raf.) oparto na podstawie 182 osobników, w tym było 151 samców i 31 samic. Na każdym osobniku wykonano 9 pomiarów, na podstawie których obliczono 10 proporcji budowy ciała. Samce w porównaniu z samicami osiągały wyraźnie węższy odwłok i dłuższe szczypce. U osobników obu płci stwierdzono bardzo wysokie korelacje pomiędzy długością całkowitą a analizowanymi cechami mierzalnymi. Raki pręgo watę z ujścia rzeki Brdy nie odbiegały zasadniczo budową ciała od raków bytujących w jeziorach.

EN

Morphometry studies on 182 individuals of crayfish (Orconectes lirnosus Raf.) were made - 151 males and 31 females. On each individual 9 measurements were made and 10 proportions of body bulding were estimated. Males had more narrow abdomen and longer claws then females distinctly. Very high correlations between total length and measurable traits were confirmed in males and females. Crayfish from Brda river mouth had very similar body bulding as crayfish living in lakes.