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Influence of drying and granulation process conditions on the characteristics of micronutrient chelates granules

Michałek Bernard, Bizon Katarzyna, Gierczyk Błażej, Wilk Tomasz, Rapp Magdalena

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2023

Vol. 25, nr 3

40--49

Fluidized-bed spray granulation (FBSG) enables manufacturing particles with desired characteristics, including particle size distribution (PSD), density, or dust content. This study investigated the effect of selected factors on the granules obtained in a continuous FBSG of chelated fertilizers for foliar applications. The effect of surfactant addition to the solution sprayed into the bed and perturbations of operating parameters on PSD and granules morphology was studied. The experiments were supplemented with calculations based on a population balance equation (PBE). It was shown that granules manufactured with the tenside addition are more regular in shape, and thus less prone to mechanical wear. It was demonstrated that increasing rotational mill speed does contribute to a slight increase in the amount of dust, but in the long term, it does not disturb the regular agglomeration process. The computational results confirm that, despite the complexity of the process, its description with PBE is feasible.

Rescue drive for the gondola cableway system illustrated by the example of the Solina cableway

Góra Ignacy, Wilk Tomasz

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

2022

z. 135

115--131

Rescue drives applied in continuous traffic cable railways have not been a common solution. The main reason for this is the ability to ensure effective evacuation of passengers by traditional methods, i.e. by way of rescue teams and methods known as evacuation from heights. This is mainly a result of usually convenient location of the cableway system on site and easy access to the vehicles (cars), both from the ground level and as well as the overhead driving cable or route pylons. In case of the Solina gondola cableway access to vehicles (cars) in the manner mentioned above, at the prevailing section of the route is impossible or extremely difficult and even dangerous. Hence, the passenger evacuation concept by means of the rescue drive, in case of damage to the main and emergency drives of the cableway in question, has become indispensable and necessary.

The analysis of pressure drop, spray angle, and sprinkling intensity distribution in the spray stream produced by the water-foam nozzle

Ochowiak Marek, Krupińska Andżelika, Włodarczak Sylwia, Matuszak Magdalena, Zielińska Patrycja, Czernek Krystian, Witczak Stanisław, Wilk Tomasz

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2022

Vol. 24, nr 2

42--49

This paper summarises a series of large-scale fire suppression tests conducted to simulate a fire in the big surface and/or surface sprinkling. The subject of this paper is the research on water spraying with the use of the Turbo Jet 2011 water-foam nozzle manufactured by Supon Białystok. The results discuss the pressure losses caused by the flow through the discharge hose, spray angle, and the intensity of surface sprinkling. The greatest stream ranges and the highest maximum values of the sprinkling intensity were obtained at the capacity of 400 l/min, and a solid spray angle. The smallest values were obtained at 200 l/min, a pressure of 5 bar, and a solid spray angle. The actual pressures taking into account the losses in the hose section were calculated. As for the highest firefighting effectiveness of the stream, the authors recommended the following parameters: semi spray angle, 200 l/min, and 2.5 bar.