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1

A commensal relationship between alpheid crustaceans and gobiid fish in the middle Miocene of southern Poland (Central Paratethys)

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

597--605

EN

Remains of decapod crustaceans of the family Alpheidae Rafinesque, 1815 and bony fish of the family Gobiidae Bonaparte, 1832 co-occur at a number of localities in the Korytnica Basin (Holy Cross Mountains) and in a newly exposed section along a stream near Niskowa (Outer Carpathians), both in southern Poland. These remains (alpheid major right-sided cheliped tips and gobiid otoliths) are interpreted as documenting a commensal partnership that existed in the shallowest zones of the middle Miocene Fore-Carpathian Basin in southern Poland under environmental conditions that must have been comparable to those of the present-day tropical/ subtropical Indo-West Pacific and Caribbean.

2

Selected Oxfordian brachiopods from Zalas (Cracow Upland, Poland)

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 3

433--440

EN

Small brachiopods of the families Craniidae Menke, 1828 and Thecidellinidae Elliott, 1958 were selected from the Oxfordian sequence which lies transgressively upon a Variscan rhyodacite laccolite exposed at Zalas in the Cracow Upland, southern Poland, a site which is well-known due to various kinds of ubiquitous fossils. The craniids include three species: Craniscus bipartitus (Münster in Goldfuss, 1837), Craniscus tripartitus (Münster in Goldfuss, 1837) and Craniscus antiquior (Jelly, 1843), and the thecidellinids – two species: Rioultina zalasensis sp. nov. and Rioultina wapiennensis Krawczyński, 2008. The species described herein indicate tropical or subtropical waters, and a moderately (?) deep character of the sea basin at Zalas.

3

The Middle Miocene of the Fore-Carpathian Basin (Poland, Ukraine and Moldova)

Wysocka A., Radwański A., Górka M., Bąbel M., Radwańska U., Złotnik M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 3

351--401

EN

Studies of Miocene sediments in the Fore-Carpathian Basin, conducted by geologists from the University of Warsaw have provided new insights on the distribution of the facies infilling the basin, particularly in the forebulge and back-bulge zones. The origin of the large-scale sand bodies, evaporitic deposits and large-scale organic buildups is discussed, described and verified. These deposits originated in variable, shallow marine settings, differing in their water chemistry and the dynamics of sedimentary processes, and are unique with regard to the fossil assemblages they yield. Many years of taxonomic, biostratigraphic, palaeoecologic and ecotaphonomic investigations have resulted in the identification of the fossil assemblages of these sediments, their age, sedimentary settings and post-mortem conditions. Detailed studies were focused on corals, polychaetes, most classes of molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, and fishes.

4

A monograph of the Polish Oxfordian echinoids: Part 2, Subclass Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 3

352--349

EN

The non-cidaroid echinoids (subclass Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860) from the Oxfordian epicontinental sequence of Poland (Polish Jura, Holy Cross Mountains, Mid-Polish Anticlinorium) are assigned to the genera Hemipedina Wright, 1855, Hemicidaris L. Agassiz, 1838, Hemitiaris Pomel, 1883, Pseudocidaris Étallon, 1859, Stomechinus Desor, 1856, Eucosmus L. Agassiz in Agassiz and Desor, 1846, Glypticus L. Agassiz, 1840, Pleurodiadema de Loriol, 1870, Diplopodia McCoy, 1848, Trochotiara Lambert, 1901, Desorella Cotteau, 1855, and Heterocidaris Cotteau, 1860, plus one acropeltid taxon, and one taxon left in open nomenclature. Within the genus Hemicidaris L. Agassiz, 1838, the relationship between Hemicidaris intermedia (Fleming, 1828), Hemicidaris crenularis L. Agassiz, 1839 [non Lamarck, nec Goldfuss] and Hemicidaris quenstedti Mérian, 1855, all with confused taxonomy, is discussed. Based on test structure, the genera Polydiadema Lambert, 1883, and Trochotiara Lambert, 1901, of the family Emiratiidae Ali, 1990, are proved to be separate; the common species mamillana of F.A. Roemer (1836) is a typical Trochotiara. An attention is paid to the morphology of the tiny, juvenile specimens, common in Eucosmus decoratus L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz and Desor, 1846, and in Pleurodiadema stutzi (Moesch, 1867).

5

Copepod-infested Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) echinoids from northern France

Radwańska U., Poirot E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 4

549-555

EN

New examples of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) parasitic exocysts on acrosaleniid echinoid tests are recorded from northern France. These exocysts can be attributed to the life activity of copepod crustaceans and are considered to have been formed as a result of copepod larval settlement in these echinoids by way of the gonopores. Sexual dimorphism is recognised in copepod-infested Acrosalenia spinosa L. Agassiz, 1840, on the basis of size and position of gonopores, those in females being larger and wider apart, those in males smaller and situated subcentrally. The previous stratigraphic range of copepod cysts of this type (i.e., Middle Oxfordian to Middle Kimmeridgian) can now be extended down to the base of the Bathonian (convergens Subzone).

6

Queues of blind phacopid trilobites Trimerocephalus: A case of frozen behaviour of Early Famennian age from the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland

Radwański A., Kin A., Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 4

459-481

EN

An assemblage of blind phacopid trilobites of the genus Trimerocephalus McCoy, 1849, representing either the species Trimerocephalus mastophthalmus (Reinhard Richter, 1856) or its allies (possibly, a new species), from an Early Famennian (Early Marginifera Zone) marly sequence of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland, is composed of well organized single-file queues. The trilobites in the queues appear almost intact, having been preserved in the position they kept when forming the queues, and are interpreted showing migratory behaviour known in various present-day arthropods, but unreported from the fossil state. This queuing was induced by environmental stress caused by a dramatic drop in sea level, temporarily leading to emersion. The preservation of the queues at omission horizons is thus ascribed to a mass mortality event, caused by subaerial exposure. The trilobites were suffocated and fossilized in a mortal spasm, and finally blanketed by calcareous ooze when inundated at a highstand. The assemblage of trilobite queues represents a unique example of frozen behaviour and a snapshot of the geological past.

7

Eco-taphonomy of mass-aggregated giant balanids Concavus (Concavus) concavus (DARWIN, 1854) from the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) of Rafina near Pikermi (Attica, Greece)

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 1

87-103

EN

The large- to giant-sized balanids, mass-aggregated in a tempestite of the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) section at Rafina near Pikermi, Greece, represent a single species, Concavus (Concavus) concavus (DARWIN, 1854) [non BRONN, 1831], the taxonomy of which is revised. The peculiarly shaped forms .raphanoides. and .scutorum. are ecophenotypes of this species; the same applies to the .tulipiformis. specimens reported previously from this section. Discussed are dynamic events controlling the life and death conditions in the nearshore (offshore) environment of Rafina, where the giant specimens of Concavus (Concavus) concavus (DARWIN, 1854) flourished through several successive generations. As opportunistic species they adopted the r-selection reproduction strategy in order to dominate over other biota. The intermittent action of high-energy agents was responsible for the production of balanid-shell hash that involved taphonomic feedback. This enabled further colonization of the biotope and the growth of multiphased (bouquet-like and pyramidal) clusters. The demise of the monospecific balanid communities is ascribed to a heavy storm which stirred-up the whole balanid-bearing sequence, to produce a proximal tempestite. This final burial and subsequent depositional lull in the Rafina environment was favoured by a temporary deepening of the whole Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) basin beyond the bathymetric range in which the balanid population could survive.

8

A rare comatulid crinoid, Semiometra petitclerci (CAILLET, 1923), from the Upper Oxfordian of Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2007

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Vol. 57, no. 2

161-167

EN

A small faunule of feather stars or comatulids (free-living crinoids of the order Comatulida A.H. CLARK, 1908) is recorded from Upper Oxfordian strata (Bielawy/Wapienno sequence) in the Couiavia region, north-western Central Poland. It represents a single, very small-sized species, Semiometra petitclerci (CAILLET, 1923), hitherto an extreme rarity in the Jurassic sequences of France and Germany. The present record extends the geographic distribution of the species in Europe, to evidence a wider range of the genus Semiometra GISLEN, 1924, prior to its fairly common occurrence and higher diversity during the Late Cretaceous.

9

Callovian and Oxfordian echinoids of Zalas

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2005

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Vol. 3, no. 1

63--74

EN

Within the Callovian-to-Oxfordian sequence, transgressive upon the Variscan rhyodacite laccolith exposed at Zalas in the Cracow Upland, southern Poland, and far-known due to its ubiquitous fossils of various kinds, to this study subjected are the echinoids. The Callovian assemblage from the variably-sized clastics is low-diversified, to contain 4 taxa of a wider regional occurrence. The Lower (up to the base of Middle) Oxfordian assemblage appears the richest in the Oxfordian of Poland. Its content is typified by the representatives of the orders Cidaroida Claus, 1880, and Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904. Amongst the recognised 12 species, of special attention are those first reported from the Jurassic sequences of Poland, viz. Eosalenia miranda Lambert, 1905, and Heterocidaris dumortieri Cotteau, 1871, the latter of which is still a great rarity to the science. Discussed are the life requirements of some of the recognised taxa, as apparent from the functional analysis of their tests. banalnych form nieregularnych pojawia się tutaj (patrz pl. 1: 3a-3b) duży osobnik regularny, Stomechinus heberti Cotteau, 1884, nieznany dotąd w środkowej jurze Polski. Zespół jeżowców z osadów oksfordu (patrz pl. 2- 3) składa się z 12 taksonów (patrz fig. 2), spośród których sześć z podgromady Cidaroidea Claus, 1880, zostało omówionych wcześniej (Radwańska 2003). Zespół ten obejmuje wyłącznie jeżowce regularne o zbliżonych wymaganiach życiowych wskazujące na ujednolicenie warunków środowiskowych w czasie rozszerzającej się transgresji. Uwagę zwraca w nim gatunek Heterocidaris dumortieri Cotteau, 1871, o wprawdzie niejasnej pozycji systematycznej (patrz Fell 1966), a reprezentowany niestety tylko w postaci ułamków pancerzy (pl. 2: 5) znacznych rozmiarów (średnicy ponad 10 cm), ale będący niezmierną rzadkością w jurze europejskiej (patrz Cotteau 1860, 1871; Fell 1966) i nieznany dotychczas z obszaru Polski.

PL

Profil osadów jurajskich odsłaniający się w stropie wielkiego kamieniołomu waryscyjskich riodacytów Zalasu (patrz fig. 1) okazuje się znaczącym ze względu na bogactwo szczątków różnorodnych szkarłupni (liliowców, rozgwiazd, wężowideł), spośród których na szczególną uwagę zasługują jeżowce . W dotychczasowych opracowaniach profilu Zalasu, dostępnego dawniej w niewielkich odsłonięciach naturalnych lub lokalnych łomikach, jeżowce były notowane sporadycznie, jako towarzyszące obfitej faunie gąbek, amonitów i innych mięczaków, oraz ramienionogów (patrz Siemieradzki 1893; Wójcik 1910). Rozlegle odsłonięcie w kamieniołomie riodacytów, rozbudowywanym od lat 1970-tych, umożliwiło szczegółowe rozpoznanie wykształcenia facjalnego osadów jurajskich, ich inwentarza faunistycznego i przede wszystkim ich biostratygrafii wyznaczającej pozycję stratygraficzną profilu w przedziale dolny kelowej - niższa część oksfordu środkowego (patrz Giżejewska i Wieczorek 1977; Matyja i Tarkowski 1991; Tarkowski 1989). Badane przez autorkę jeżowce, pochodzące częściowo z rozmaitych kolekcji (publicznych i prywatnych), a w większości zebrane osobiście, stanowią w sumie dosyć istotny element w rozpoznaniu faun jurajskich Polski. Zespół jeżowców z osadów keloweju (patrz pl. 1) obejmuje tylko 4 gatunki (patrz fig. 2) o różnych wymaganiach życiowych wskazujących na nieustabilizowane warunki środowiskowe w czasie postępującej transgresji morskiej. Oprócz dość Analiza funkcjonalna pancerzy (patrz Smith 1978, 1984; Radwańska 1999) pozwoliła na bardziej szczegółowe rozpatrzenie sposobu życia i wymogów środowiskowych badanych gatunków jeżowców z keloweju i oksfordu Zalasu, zaś analiza taksonomiczna na unacześnienie rozpoznań autorów wcześniejszych (Siemiradzki 1893; Wójcik 1910; patrz fig, 3). Zespół jeżowców oksfordzkich Zalasu okazuje się najbogatszym spośród wszystkich dotychczas badanych stanowisk oksfordu w Polsce (por. Radwańska 2000,2003, 2004b), zaś jego środowiskowe siedlisko - wśród obfitych gąbek, ich mumii i budowli (por. Matyja i Tarkowski 1981, fig. 2B-3) - nadzwyczaj podobne do przedstawionego dla środkowego oksfordu Szwajcarii (patrz Hess 1975, fig. 27).

10

Myzostomid and copepod infestation of Jurassic echinoderms: A general approach, some new occurrences, and/or re-interpretation of previous reports

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 55, no. 2

109-130

EN

A study of diverse cysts developed on fossil echinoderms from Poland results in the recognition that these on Late Jurassic crinoid stems are attributable to the life activity of myzostomidan polychaetes, and those on Middle and Late Jurassic echinoids, to the activity of copepod arthropods. A review of formerly reported cysts of coeval age from Europe and western Asia permits the distinguishing of several types that differ in shape and/or location on the echinoderm skeleton. Although the studied cysts qualify as trace fossils (which require a separate ichnotaxonomy), their ethological and ecological characteristics are presented in terms of interspecific parasite-host relationships. The classical interpretation of VON GRAFF (1885) is affirmed for myzostomidan endocysts in crinoid stems, whereas for echinoid tests a new interpretation is offered for large exocysts ("Halloween pumpkin-mask" type) as having been induced by copepods,comparable in their ethology to those on present-day biota (hydrocorals) other than echinoderms. A copepod attribution by MERCIER (1936) of cysts (Castexia type) on some Middle Jurassic collyritid echinoids from France is fully accepted. This is supplemented by some new finds in Poland, a re-study of the Castexia cysts from France, and a re-interpretation of former reports from the literature. Eco-ethological consequences of the location of copepods in the ambulacral and peristomial parts of cidaroid and hemicidaroid echinoids are discussed; larval settling apparently took place at the tubefeet pores and gonopores, through which the copepod larvae reached the echinoid.s interior and began to parasitize it. Attribution of the discussed cysts to copepods yields, consequently, an extension of the stratigraphical range of the class Copepoda H. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1840, to the Early Jurassic.In POSTSCRIPT, suggested is the bald-sea-urchin disease to have caused some lesions in the collyritid echinoids (Middle Jurassic: Callovian) from France.

11

Lower Kimmeridgian comatulid crinoids of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 55, no. 3

269-282

EN

An assemblage of feather stars or comatulids (free-living crinoids of the order Comatulida A.H. CLARK, 1908) is reported for the first time from Upper Jurassic sequences of Poland, precisely from Lower Kimmeridgian strata of the Holy Cross Mountains. The major part of this assemblage comes from oolitic deposits exposed at Małogoszcz Quarry, others from oyster (Actinostreon, and Nanogyra) shellbeds higher up section at Małogoszcz, as well as from the coeval strata of the Karsy section. Taxonomically recognizable skeleton elements such as calyces, isolated centrodorsals and radials are here assigned to seven taxa, three of which are new to science: Comatulina malogostiana sp.nov., Palaeocomaster karsensis sp.nov., and Solanocrinites sanctacrucensis sp.nov. The majority of the material available was contained in burrows made by some ancestral stock of alpheid shrimp, closely comparable to those of present-day snapping shrimp (genus Alpheus WEBER, 1795), and its allies.These burrows, situated at the tops of oolitic shoals/banks at Małogoszcz, casually served both as habitats of cryptic faunas (mostly comatulids, dwarf-sized gastropods) and as preservational/taphonomic traps for others, primarily echinoderms (ten taxa of echinoids, three stalked crinoids, two ophiuroids, one asteroid) swept into by highly agitated waters, most likely during storms, to produce an Echinodermenlagerstńtte. Comatulid remains from the oyster shellbeds underwent longer periods of transport, to be entombed far from their habitats.

12

Systemy piętrowych nor krewetek-alfeuszy i ich znaczenie środowiskowe w oksfordzie i kimerydzie Gór Świętokrzyskich

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2004

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Vol. 2, no. 1

113-130

EN

To the activity of alpheid shrimps genus Alpheus Weber, 1795) ascribed are the tiered burrows of a gridlike appearance from Lower Kimmeridgian oolitic shoals and Middle Oxfordian nearshore micritic limestones of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland. The burrow networks are confined to beds of the soft or hard bottom type, the upper parts of which are more or less deeply truncated, to indicate erosional events of storm agitation. At low stand, the open burrows served as traps for solutions derived from the nearby hypersaline lagoons of the sabkha type, to cause precipitation either of dolomite, or of silica gel. At high stand, the open burrows, exemplified by the Małogoszcz section (Lower Kimmeridgian), became taphonomic traps and/or crevice habitats for diverse biota, the echinoderms in particular, to form their graveyards (EchinodermenlagerstŹtten). In these, represented are echinoids (tests, some spine-coated, all either empty, or sediment-filled; broken tests and their fragments, spines) stalkless crinoids (cusps, centrodorsals, radials, brachials, cirrals), stalked crinoids (columnals, pluricolumnals), starfish (marginalia, ambulacral plates), and ophiuroids (vertebrae, arm plates). Eco-taphonomic pathways for particular echinoderms (21 taxa taxonomically recognised) are interpreted since their death to burial in open burrows. Spine-coated echinoids were entrapped alive, others were swept into during successive storms which acted as a lethal agent. The storms, catastrophic for echinoderm communities, have prevailed through a longer timespan, when the alpheid-burrowed shoal evolved from the soft bottom to the hard ground colonized by a successive echinoderm community dominated by stalked crinoids.

13

Jeżowce oksfordu Bałtowa

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2004

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Vol. 2, no. 1

131-140

EN

The autecology of echinoids from the Middle Oxfordian coraliferous limestones of Bałtów (NW margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland) is discussed, as aparent from the morphology of tests, ambulacral pores for tube feet, and spines. Inferred is mode of life, locomotion, and feeding, as well as the diet of the taxonomically recognised three species: Paracidaris florigemma (Phillips, 1829) – spines only, Glypticus hieroglyphicus (Goldfuss, 1826), and Hemicidaris merryaca Cotteau, 1850, the latter reported for the first time in Poland. The phenotypic convergence is indicated of such species as: P. florigemma and extant Eucidaris tribuloides Desmoulins, 1835, of Florida and the Caribbean, as well as G. hieroglyphicus and extant Colobocentrotus atratus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Indo-Pacific. Environmental conditions, under which the Bałtów echinoids lived, are concluded as extremely shallow marine (shallow subtidal up to low-intertidal), connected with the Bałtów coral patch reef nearby.

14

Chore i okaleczone zwierzęta jako ofiary pasożytów i drapieżców w jurze Polski - przegląd stanu wiedzy

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2004

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Vol. 2, no. 1

99-112

EN

The parasitism of, and predation upon, the diverse Middle and Late Jurassic invertebrates of Poland, personally recognised by the authors, are reviewed. All cases are discussed either in the biological (anatomical, ethological), or ecological terms, to show the mode of infection, or injury, and the relationship between the engaged taxa. The preys to parasites are exemplified by the prosopid crabs infested by bopyrid isopods, the crinoids infested by myzostomid polychaetes (both disk-shaped, and wormlike), and the echinoids attacked by copepod arthropods involving either swellings of spines, or gall-shaped cysts upon the test outerly. Of traumatic events, discussed is regeneration of injuries in the belemnite hooked guards, and in the ammonite shells of distorted ribbing. The pearl-like structures in belemnite guards (the “belemnite pearls”) are interpreted as caused by a tiny parasite encapsulated during further growth of the belemnite. Heaps of ammonite shell hash are thought to represent the ,“kitchen middens” of a larger predator which has feasted upon the fleshy tidbits alone, the beaten shell having been left. The post mortem damage of shells is remarked (taphonomic feedback and/or aftermath) to be distinguished from that one acted in shells of alive specimens of the Middle and Late Jurassic of Poland.

15

Tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Upper Oxfordian of Wapienno/Bielawy, couiavia region, north-central Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 1

35-52

EN

A relatively rich assemblage of tube-dwelling polychaetes is recognized in the talus facies of the Late Jurassic (Late Oxfordian) biohermal, sponge-cyanobacterial buidup from the Wapienno/Bielawy succession exposed in a salt-dome cored anticline of the Couiavia region, north-central Poland. Fourteen taxa are described belonging to 12 genera: Glomerula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Regenhardt, 1961; Cementula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Regenhardt, 1961; Ditrupula Brunnich Nielsen, 1931, sensu Howell, 1962; Filogranula Langerhans, 1884; Laqueoserpula Lommerzheim, 1979; Metavermilia Bush, 1904; Mucroserpula Regenhardt, 1961; Neovermilia Day, 1961; Pannoserpula Jager, Kapitzke & Rieter, 2001; Pursimonia Regenhardt, 1961; Placostegus Philippi, 1844; Serpula Linnaeus, 1758. Only very few, or no representatives of these genera have formerly been reported from the Jurassic of Poland. Five species are established as new: Ditrupula meandrica sp.nov., Laqueoserpula intumescens sp.nov., Mucroserpula jaegeri sp.nov., Pannoserpula couiaviana sp.nov., Placostegus conchophilus sp.nov. The ecology of this assemblage, which comprises typically epizoans of sponges, and of brachiopods upon whose shells they often formed 'serpulid gardens', is discussed. In the case of the brachiopods, live specimens were favoured, to which the tube-dwelling polychaetes became commensals located preferably on their ventral valves. Some of the polychaetes had their own commensal, the hydroid Protulophila gestroi Rovereto, 1901, whose stolonal network was embedded in their tubes. The lithology of the source deposits indicates their transport by storm agitation and/or mass movements. Concequently, rapid burial affected all biota, including the living brachiopods, some of which were bearing living polychaetes.

16

Siedlisko życia, miejsce pogrzebania oraz epibionty ramienionogów Sellithyris subsella (Leymerie, 1846) z muszlowców dolnego kimerydu Małogoszcza

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2003

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Vol. 1, no. 1

85-92

17

Eko-tafonomia serpulitów tytonu Brzostówki i Sławna na tle badań wieloszczetów dzisiejszych

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2003

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Vol. 1, no. 1

99-104

18

Aberrantne rozgwiazdy z rodzaju Sphaeraster Quenstedt, 1875, w profilu oksfordu Wapienno/Bielawy na Kujawach

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2003

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Vol. 1, no. 1

63-70

19

The Jurassic crinoid genus Cyclocrinus D'ORBIGNY, 1850 : still an enigma

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2003

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Vol. 53, nr 4

301-320

EN

A rich collection of isolated columnals and fragmentary pluricolumnals, varying considerably in size, shape, and sculpture, from the Upper Oxfordian of the Couiavia region (northwestern Central Poland), is the basis for a critical discussion of the crinoid genus Cyclorinus and its species. These are all based on dissociated columnals with tuberculate articular faces, and all with similar if not identical arrays of tubercles. The collection studied contains tuberculate columnals, as well as those with plain articular faces, which acquire tuberculation when etched with acids. This indicates the corrosional nature of tuberculation in the newly established species, Cyclocrinus couiavianus sp.nov., and in all other Cyclocrinus material. The structure of fragmentary pluricolumnals, whose arching and branching are reminiscent of root systems of some bourgueticrinids, would suggest that all Cyclorinus material represents nothing else but modified radicular cirrals of unrecognizable members of the order Bourgueticrinida SIEVERTS-DORECK, 1953, rather than Cyrtocrinida or Millericrinida as previously assumed.

20

A monographs of the Polish Oxfordian echinoids. Part 1, Subclass Cidaroidea CLAUS, 1880

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2003

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Vol. 53, nr 2

143-165

EN

Cidaroid echinoids (subclass Cidaroidea CLAUS, 1880) from the Oxfordian part of a more than 1 km thick Upper Jurassic carbonate sequence developed over epicontinental areas of Poland (Polish Jura, Holy Cross Mountains, Mid-Polish Anticlinorium) are assigned to 133 taxa of the genera Rhabdocidaris DESOR, 1855, Polycidaris QUENSTEDT,1858, Plegiocidaris POMEL, 18833, and Paracidaris POMEL, 1883. Their taxonomy is revised and discussed with a special emphasis on establishing the relationship between species based on bare tests and isolated spines. As former attempts to combine these elements, and to accommodate them into parrticular genera, have resulted in a very confused taxonomy of almost all of the species studied, the synonymies of the Polish species are revised. This offers a new insigth into content of the genus Paracidaris POMEL, 1883, to which the species Paracidaris blumenbachi (MUNSTER in GOLDFUSS, 1826), P. elegans (MUNSTERR in GOLDFUSS, 1826) P.florigemma (PHILLIPS, 1829), P. laeviscula (L.AGASSIZ, 1840), P.propinqua (MUNSTER in GOLDFUSS, 1826) are assigned, and whose relation to the often-confused species Paracidaris parandieri (L. AGASSIZ, 1840) and P.filograna (L.AGASSIZ, 1840) is discussed. The distinction is clarified between the species Plegiocidaris monilifera (GOLDFUSS, 1826) and Plegiocidaris coronata (GOLDFUSS, 1826) whose topotypic material from Staffelstein in Franconia (Germany) is analyzed.