Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Role of geophysical surveys in the identification of water escape zones from retention lakes: a case study on a selected object in Upper Silesia

Mieszkowski R., Wójcik E., Kozłowski M., Popielski P.

Studia Quaternaria

|

2018

|

Vol. 35, Nr 2

121--129

EN

The main scientific goal of this work is the presentation of the role of selected geophysical methods (Ground-Penetrating Radar GPR and Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT) to identify water escape zones from retention reservoirs. The paper proposes a methodology of geophysical investigations for the identification of water escape zones from a retention fresh water lake (low mineralised water). The study was performed in a lake reservoir in Upper Silesia. Since a number of years the administrators of the lake have observed a decreasing water level, a phenomenon that is not related to the exploitation of the object. The analysed retention lake has a maximal depth between 6 and 10 m, depending on the season. It is located on Triassic carbonate rocks of the Muschelkalk facies. Geophysical surveys included measurements on the water surface using ground penetration radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods. The measurements were performed from watercrafts made of non-metal materials. The prospection reached a depth of about 1 to 5 m below the reservoir bottom. Due to large difficulties of conducting investigations in the lake, a fragment with an area of about 5,300 m2, where service activities and sealing works were already commenced, was selected for the geophysical survey. The scope of this work was: (1) field geophysical research (Ground-Penetrating Radar GPR and Electrical Resistivity Tomography ERT with geodesic service), (2) processing of the obtained geophysical research results, (3) modelling of GPR and ERT anomalies on a fractured water reservoir bottom, and (4) interpretation of the obtained results based on the modelled geophysical anomalies. The geophysical surveys allowed for distinguishing a zone with anomalous physical parameters in the area of the analysed part of the retention lake. ERT surveys have shown that the water escape zone from the reservoir was characterised by significantly decreased electrical resistivities. Diffraction hyperboles and a zone of wave attenuation were observed on the GPR images in the lake bottom within the water escape zone indicating cracks in the bottom of the water reservoir. The proposed methodology of geophysical surveys seems effective in solving untypical issues such as measurements on the water surface.

2

Prediction of swell pressure in Neogene clays from Warsaw, based on the swell index

Gawriuczenkow I., Wójcik E.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2018

|

Vol. 44, no. 2

219--229

EN

The paper presents the results of swell measurements of Neogene clays (Posnanian clay) from the Mazovia region with different grain size distribution and mineral composition. The study was conducted with model soil with initial moisture contents of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The basic physical properties of clays, their mineral composition and swelling parameters such as free swelling index and swelling pressure were determined. Free swell index was correlated to liquid limit, plasticity index, clay content and water content. A very high fit was found for a proposed relationship between the free swell index and swell pressure which offers an inexpensive method of predicting swell pressure in the preliminary stages of site investigation.

3

Podróbka czy oryginał - nos elektroniczny jako narzędzie określania oryginalności perfum znanych marek

Cieśla M., Wójcik E.

Analit

|

2018

|

Nr 5

34

PL

Zapachy już od wielu tysięcy lat pełniły ważną rolę w kulturze, a olejki zapachowe były nieodzownym elementem tradycyjnej kąpieli podczas obrządku ślubnego w starożytnej Mezopotamii. Popyt na perfumy utrzymuje się do czasów współczesnych, zarówno wśród kobiet jak i mężczyzn, a noszenie na sobie drogich zapachów wiąże się z niejakim prestiżem. Markowe perfumy uzyskiwane są z naturalnych składników, najczęściej w laboratorium, np. w procesie ekstrakcji czy destylacji. Skomponowanie idealnego zapachu to prawdziwa sztuka. Podróbki perfum często wytwarzane są ze związków chemicznych, których woń jest bardzo zbliżona do oryginalnych kompozycji, lecz są o wiele mniej trwałe. Rozwój technologii komputerowych oraz technik pomiarowych pozwolił na opracowanie specjalnych sensorów-nosów elektronicznych, które umożliwiają odróżnienie oryginalnych perfum od ich podróbek. Elektroniczny nos jest analogicznym do zmysłu powonienia, układem czujników selektywnie reagujących na związki zapachowe bądź ich grupy zawarte w badanej próbce. Nosy elektroniczne konstruowane są najczęściej w oparciu o czujniki konduktometryczne i piezoelektryczne. W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano zastosowanie nosa elektronicznego PEN3, z szykiem dziesięciu różnych czujników tlenków metali z pojedynczą grubą warstwą, w celu rozpoznania markowego produktu, którego wzorzec trzeba uprzednio wprowadzić do bazy danych urządzenia. Sygnał analityczny podrobionych produktów nie będzie pokrywał się z sygnałem pochodzącym od oryginału, ze względu na różny skład chemiczny.

4

Stateczność zbocza i zagrożenie osuwiskowe w świetle kompleksowych badań geologicznych

Gawriuczenkow I., Kaczmarek Ł., Kiełbasiński K., Kowalczyk S., Mieszkowski R., Wójcik E.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2017

|

Vol. 26, No. 1

85--98

PL

W artykule przedstawiono studium przypadku oceny stateczności zbocza zlokalizowanego w południowej Polsce, w obszarze o skomplikowanej budowie geologicznej. Zaproponowano wieloetapową metodologię oceny stateczności zbocza. Zastosowane komplementarne techniki badawcze pozwoliły uzyskać dokładną i rzetelną ocenę stateczności analizowanego zbocza, a przedstawiona wieloetapowa procedura analizy uwarunkowań stateczności umożliwiła uwzględnienie różnych cech i mechanizmów destabilizujących stan równowagi, co pozwala na prognozowanie kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego.

EN

The multistage methodology of the slope stability analysis, based on a case study, is presented in the paper. The study area is located in southern Poland, where geological conditions are complex. A numerous complementary research techniques that were applied provided reliable and exact assessment of equilibrium state of the slope. The results have shown that presented multistep procedure takes into account various destabilizing factors and therefore enables the prediction of the future spatial planning.

5

Zastosowanie metody georadarowej do identyfikacji stref erozji dna rzecznego na przykładzie wybranego odcinka doliny Wisły w Warszawie

Mieszkowski R., Wójcik E., Żmudzin D., Szwarc A., Sosnowska A., Popielski P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 10/2

785--789

EN

In the article the occurrence ofseveral natural thresholds in Vistula River valley was discussed. These forms are stabilizing river channel regime and impeding shipping at the same time. The example of application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for detecting and identifying the erosion zones in the bottom of the river valley was presented. The investigations were carried out along the chosen section of Vistula River in the vicinity of Gdansk Bridge (Most Gdański) in Warsaw. The survey was conductedfrom a motorboat with the MALA GroundExplorer (GX) georadar system installed with 160 MHz screen antenna. The prospection down to 7.5 m below the water surface was obtained. The applied methodology allowed to obtain radar echograms indicating the following anomalies: from the river bottom, from cohesive soil (includingNeogene clays) andfrom thresholds (noticeably elevatedforms in the bottom). In identifying and interpreting georadar anomalies, archival boreholes data were used.

6

Ocena możliwości zastosowania metody georadarowej i elektrooporowej do identyfikacji rozluźnionych stref gruntów niespoistych

Mieszkowski R., Zawrzykraj P., Żmudzin D., Wójcik E., Popielski P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 10/2

779--784

EN

The results of the possibility of geophysical methods application (such as geoelectrical ones, including ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography) to identify areas of loose sands were presented in the article. Registered anomalies obtained from geophysical survey have been verified by geological and engineering tests (drillings and dynamic probing). Measurements were carried out along the part of the lateral earth dam, consisting of man-made soils with a thickness of approximately 7 m and underlying alluvial medium grained sands. The results obtained from the geophysical survey and direct assessment of density by means of dynamic probing allowed to demonstrate the relationship between a specific type of geophysical anomalies and the density of non-cohesive man-made soils.

7

Determination of swell index and swelling pressure from suction tests : a case study of Neogene clays from Warsaw (Poland)

Wójcik E., Gawriuczenkow I.

Geological Quarterly

|

2017

|

Vol. 61, No. 4

738--750

EN

The paper presents the results of swell index, swelling pressure and soil suction tests carried out on Neogene clays from Warsaw, depending on the water content, clay fraction, liquid limit, plasticity index, cation exchange capacity, and content of clay minerals and beidellite. These clays are considered expansive soils in Poland, as they are vulnerable to water content variations in the active zone, which result in their volume change and, in consequence, cause damage of foundations and other construction elements. A number of physical, chemical and mineral properties were determined for these clays. The swelling tests were carried out on samples precompacted in Proctor apparatus, at various initial values of water content. The analyses have shown exponential relation of swell index, swelling pressure and suction versus water content. In addition, the investigated relationship between the suction and swell characteristics of tested clays shows good correlation as a power function between these parameters. In addition, validity of correlations between fitting parameters of obtained relationships and soil index properties, such as clay fraction, liquid limit, plasticity index, cation exchange capacity, and content of clay minerals and beidellite, have been demonstrated. The empirical relations are characterized by high values of the correlation coefficient. A very high fit has also been found for a proposed relationship between the swell index and swelling pressure for tested clays.

8

Zastosowanie numerycznych obliczeń stateczności zboczy dla oceny potencjalnych stref przemieszczeń zwietrzelin i koluwiów rozwiniętych na podłożu fliszowym

Dobak P., Gawriuczenkow I., Kaczmarek Ł. D., Kiełbasiński K., Wójcik E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, nr 9

683--693

EN

This study concerns the modeling potential of slopes development with use of numerical stability calculations. Boundary conditions of performed numerical simulations are according to morphological and geological engineering conditions of the flysch slope shaped by weathering and surface mass movements. The multilaminate material model was used in order to imitate shale spatial variation in weathering zones. Furthermore, X-ray computed microtomography technique enabled for visualization of varied condition of shear surface extortion, which cause physical and strength parameters diversity. Calculation outputs show that geometry and location of deformation zones are affected by a model input strength parameter. The presented results confirm utility of numerical modeling as important aspect in the investigation and verification of spatiotemporal slope development cycle.

9

Lokalne problemy powodzi roztopowych na przykładzie zlewni Bolszewki

Wójcik E., Szpakowski W.

Gospodarka Wodna

|

2016

|

Nr 1

19--24

PL

Opracowywane w ramach wdrażania Dyrektywy Powodziowej mapy zagrożenia powodziowego nie obejmują, co wynika z przyjętej metodyki ich przygotowania, wszystkich obszarów narażonych na występowanie powodzi. W artykule omówiono jeden z takich przypadków odnoszący się do powodzi roztopowej o lokalnym zasięgu. Wykorzystując materiały archiwalne Autorzy omówili przebieg i skutki tego zjawiska, wskazując na naturalne i antropogeniczne przyczyny jego wystąpienia na przykładzie zlewni Bolszewki.

EN

The flood hazard maps, elaborated as part of implementation of the Flood Directive, do not cover all the areas exposed to the flood risk, as it results from the adopted methodology of their preparation. The article discusses one of such cases, related to a local meltwater flood. Based on archival documents, the Authors describe the course and the consequences of this phenomenon, using the example of the Bolszewki catchment basin, indicating the natural and the anthropogenic causes of its occurrence.

10

Identyfikacja składu mineralnego i pęcznienia gruntów spoistych na podstawie współczynnika swobodnego pęcznienia

Izdebska-Mucha D., Wójcik E.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2016

|

nr 466

77--85

EN

The paper presents the results of free swell measurements of Neogene clays and model clay mixtures composed of Wyoming bentonite and Sedlec kaolinite. Modified free swell index (MFSI) as well as free swell ratio (FSR) were determined and analyzed with respect to pore fluid chemistry, mineral composition and clay content. The FSR, defined as the ratio of the equilibrium sediment volume of 10-g oven dried soil in 0.0025% NaCl solution to that in kerosene, has proved to provide only a rough prediction of clay mineralogy in natural soils.

11

Stress-strain behaviour analysis of Middle Polish glacial tills from Warsaw (Poland) based on the interpretation of advanced field and laboratory tests

Bąkowska A., Dobak P., Gawriuczenkow I., Kiełbasiński K., Szczepański T., Trzciński J., Wójcik E., Zawrzykraj P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2016

|

Vol. 66, no. 3

561--585

EN

The selected parameters of the Wartanian and Odranian tills, with relation to their spatial occurrence, grain size distribution, mineralogical composition, matric suction and other physical characteristics, are presented. The assessment of the lithogenesis and stress history on the microstructure is attempted. The comparison of the compression and permeability characteristics from field and laboratory tests has been performed. Laboratory consolidation tests carried out with up to 20MPa vertical stress, revealed two yield stress values, one in the range of a couple hundreds kPa, the other in the range of a couple thousands kPa. Based on those results, the reliability of the soil preconsolidation assessment, with the use of the two different methods is discussed. The aspect of the triaxial strength reduction under the dynamic loading of diverse frequency and amplitude is raised. The research results depict a variety of possible geological-engineering characteristics, under the divergent constraints scenarios, of compression or strength weakening origin. The effects of the specialized research program will widen the possibilities of physio-mechanical and structural characterization of soils for geological-engineering purposes.

12

Evaluation of expansivity of Neogene clays and glacial tills from central Poland on the basis of suction tests

Izdebska-Mucha D., Wójcik E.

Geological Quarterly

|

2015

|

Vol. 59, No. 3

593--602

EN

This paper presents the characteristics of the expansivity and quantitative prediction of heave of clay soils from Poland based on suction testing. 11 Neogene clays and 6 glacial tills, differing in genesis and plasticity, were analyzed to identify the expansive potential using eight empirical methods. The laboratory studies included measurements of soil-water characteristic curves and soil index properties. Data from water content, volume and suction measurements served to determine the suction compression index Ch and the suction-water content index Dh/Dw of the soils examined. The values of these indices are clearly dependent of the clay fraction content in tested soils. Compared with glacial tills, Neogene clays are expected to exhibit larger changes in volume due to changes in soil suction. Comparative results of the evaluation of expansivity suggest that the chosen classification methodologies provided consistent expansion ratings for glacial tills, while values for Neogene clays vary from low to very high. The lowest expansivity classes have been obtained from evaluation based on soil suction. The McKeen (1992) method has been adopted for calculations of the potential field heave of Neogene clays and glacial tills. In order to provide a rational estimation of expansive soil behavior, specialists should take into consideration the specific site and design features.

13

Analiza jakości funkcjonowania komunikacji miejskiej w Puławach

Dębowska-Mróz M., Bator K., Wójcik E.

Logistyka

|

2014

|

nr 6

3016--3029

PL

Transport zbiorowy i jego jakość funkcjonowania jest ważnym aspektem życia społecznego w każdym mieście. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań ankietowych dotyczących wskazania preferencji komunikacyjnych mieszkańców Puław oraz ocena funkcjonowania w tym mieście oraz analiza jakości funkcjonowania komunikacji miejskiej. Przedstawione w artykule analizy zostały wykonane w oparciu o dane uzyskane podczas badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w miesiącach: sierpień ÷ październik w Puławach. Ponadto autorzy postanowili przy okazji prowadzonych badań ankietowych dokonać oceny infrastruktury transportowej umożliwiającej realizację przemieszczeń pieszych, rowerem oraz samochodem osobowym.

EN

Public transport and the quality of functioning is an important aspect of social life in every city. The article presents the results of the survey indicate your communication preferences on the inhabitants of Pulawy and assessment of the functioning of the city and the analysis of the quality of the functioning of public transport. The article analyzes were based on data obtained during surveys conducted in the months of August ÷ October in Pulawy. The authors decided on the occasion of surveys conducted to assess the implementation of transport infrastructure enabling movements of pedestrians, bicycle and car.

14

Expansivity of Neogene clays and glacial tills from Central Poland

Izdebska-Mucha D., Wójcik E.

Geological Quarterly

|

2014

|

Vol. 58, No. 2

281--290

EN

The revision of classification methodologies for determination of soil expansivity revealed that parameters most frequently used for this purpose are: the liquid limit, plasticity index and swelling parameters which also predominate in older systems of expansive soil assessment, regarded as classical. Seventy-nine soil samples, including Neogene clays and glaciall tills from Central Poland, with a wide range of plasticity were examined for a comparative analysis of soil expansivity with a use of eight empirical methods. The study revealed that Neogene clays are mostly highly and very highly expansive, while glacial tills exhibit low to medium expansivity. Compared to classifications considering soil mineralogy indicators, those correlated solely to Atterberg limits and related parameters were found to overestimate soil expansivity. It is evident that the classifications are in better agreement for glacial tills than for clays. The comparison of mineral composition measured and predicted from swelling tests yielded consistent results.

15

Zmiany mikrostrukturalne past gruntowych pod wpływem ciśnienia ssania

Wójcik E., Trzciński J., Łądkiewicz K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2013

|

Vol. 61, nr 1

74–-82

EN

This paper presents an issue of microstructural changes in clay soils during the water loss due to increase of suction pressure. The change of microstructure affects the geological engineering properties of soils causes problems with the foundation of buildings. The volumetric changes of cohesive soils, containing significant amounts of clay minerals from the smectite group, are caused by a variable water content in soil. The phenomenon of the moisture change significantly alters the geological engineering properties of these soils as a result of shrinking and swelling. This paper aims at presenting the microstructural changes in remoulded specimens of Neogene clays caused by loss of moisture due to suction pressure. The scientific examination involved quantitative analyses of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study pore space details of remoulded specimens. Tested samples from selected levels of the Neogene clays (Poznan Series) were collected from the Warsaw-Stegny area. Samples were taken from a research polygon for these clay soils. The basic geological engineering properties of clay soils and remoulded specimens have been examined after being prepared according to strictly defined procedures. Through successive stages of the suction pressure (from 50 to 1600 kPa), the samples underwent the process of loss of moisture. Application of a novel method of sample preparation procedure for remoulded specimens allowed examining structurally homogeneous soils and obtaining results without an effect of material anisotropy. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of soil microstructures were performed using SEM and STIMAN software for quantitative images processing. The analysis allowed determination of the number of geometric and morphometric parameters of the microstructure with high accuracy. Based on this study, significant qualitative and quantitative changes in loss of moisture due to suction pressure in the process of remoulded specimens were noted along with changes in the microstructure and pore space of clay soils. The obtained results showed the effect of successive stages of "closing" of the structure of cohesive soils. Microstructural changes have a significant influence on the values of clay soil properties during the shrinkage and swelling process, which are caused by changes in the water content.

16

Wpływ struktury na skurczalność gruntów spoistych

Izdebska-Mucha D., Wójcik E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2013

|

Vol. 61, nr 3

195--202

EN

This paper deals with the structural factors affecting shrinkage phenomena. Seventy eight soil samples were tested, including: Neogene (Mio-Pliocene) clays, glacial tills, clayey alluvial soils, bentonite, illitic clay and kaolinite. Destructed soils (remoulded samples) were compared with undisturbed soils (NNS). Analysis of shrinkage curves showed that the most hydrophilic clays and well-graded soils have the lowest void ratio and shrinkage limit. Shrinkage curves ofsilty and sandy soils are relatively plane with poorly differentiated shrinkage stages. For Neogene clays, shrinkage curves of remoulded samples are similar to the undisturbed ones. Both series of samples yielded similar final void ratio and shrinkage limit values. For alluvial soils and glacial tills, remoulded samples yielded a lower void ratio and higher shrinkage limit values than NNS samples. The results obtained showed that the soil fabric (natural preserved versus disturbed) does not influence shrinkage of Neogene clays while affects significantly shrinkage of alluvial soils and glacial tills. The statistical analysis revealed that there was no correlation between shrinkage limit and clay content or plastic index. A linear rela¬tionship was found between shrinkage limit and void ratio for clays as well as remoulded samples.

17

Porównanie właściwości ekspansywnych iłów neogeńskich z Mazowsza

Gawriuczenkow I., Wójcik E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2013

|

Vol. 61, nr 4

243--247

EN

Development of building projects in the Mazovia region causes the risk of their location on the soils of specific expansive properties. These properties, expressed as swelling or shrinkage, are a serious engineering problem. Many methods are used for the evaluation ofexpansiveness; both direct and indirect test methods are used. Tests were performed on clays from the areas of Warsaw, Dobre near Mińsk Mazowiecki and Mszczonów. Comparative analysis of expansive properties of Neogene clays is based on the results of laboratory tests of mineral composition, grain size distribution, moisture content, free swelling and swelling pressure. The tests have shown that the expansive properties ofclays from the Mazowsze region can have extremely high values, which causes the needfor individual determination of potential expan-siveness for different types of clays, depending on moisture content, swelling pressure and chemistry of the environment.

18

Ocena wybranych elementów stosowanych w uspokajaniu ruchu drogowego w miastach

Dębowska-Mróz M., Rogowski A., Wójcik E., Bator K.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2013

|

R. 14, nr 3

1665-1682

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe zasady związane ze stosowaniem uspokojenia ruchu drogowego w miastach. Ponadto zaprezentowano wyniki badań ankietowych, przeprowadzonych w Puławach i Tomaszowie Mazowieckim, dotyczących odbioru społecznego wybranych rozwiązań stosowanych przy uspokajaniu ruchu w miastach.

EN

The article presents the basic principles associated with the use of traffic calming in towns. Moreover, presented results of the survey, conducted in Pulawy and Tomaszow Mazowiecki the public perception of selected solutions used for traffic calming in towns.

19

Analiza rozkładu natężenia ruchu w układzie ulicznym Radomia

Dębowska-Mróz M., Wójcik E., Kacprzak M.

Logistyka

|

2012

|

nr 3

PL

Artykuł porusza podstawowe problemy dotyczące rozwoju motoryzacji w Polsce z uwzględnieniem ich oddziaływania na funkcjonowanie transportu drogowego w miastach. Ponadto zwraca uwagę na znaczenie pomiarów natężenia ruchu drogowego w analizach dotyczących transportu w obszarach zurbanizowanych. Zaprezentowano równieżpodstawowe dane o rozkładzie natężenia ruchu drogowego w Radomiu.

EN

The article discusses the basic problems concerning the development of automotive industry in Poland in terms of their impact on the operation of road transport in urban areas. In addition, notes the importance of traffic measurements in analyzes of transport in urban areas. Also presented basic data on the distribution of traffic in Radom.

20

Ewaluacja i porównanie badań granicy skurczalności i płynności z wykorzystaniem metod statystycznych

Izdebska-Mucha D., Wójcik E.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

|

2012

|

nr 6

707-713

PL

Metodyka badań oraz wyniki badań granicy skurczalności i granicy płynności. Statystyczne opracowanie wyników badań własnych i ich porównanie z wynikami obliczeń według różnych autorów. Wskazówki do zastosowania w praktyce geologiczno-geotechnicznej.

EN

Test methods for shrinkage limit and liquid limit of soils and results of the tests. Statistical analysis of the own test results and their comparison with calculations results obtained using equations given by various authors. Guidelines for use in geological and geotechnical practice.