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1
Content available Studying the Effectiveness of Shaped Charge Jets Created by Graphene-containing Shaped Charge Liners
Majewski Tomasz, Trzciński Waldemar A., Szymańczyk Leszek
Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa
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2024
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Vol. 15, Nr 1 (55)
39--54
EN
The paper presents selected results of studies conducted within the framework of the following research project: “Use of graphene and new multilayer explosive technologies in materials for shaped charge liners" (The National Centre for Research and Development in Poland: project No: DOB-BI08/03/01/2016). This study was performed by a consortium made up of the following entities: Institute of Precision Mechanics, Military University of Technology and the Mototechnika company (Poland). The main objective of the performed experiments was to test the effectiveness of shaped charge liners produced with the use of powder metallurgy methods, from mixtures containing copper powder and graphene-coated copper powder. The content of the latter equaled 0%, 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Shaped charge jets created with the use of liners made from the powder mixtures tested were recorded with the help of X-ray technology. Firing tests were conducted against steel barriers and the depth of penetration was determined. The obtained results showed that the addition of graphene powder to pure copper powder practically does not increase the depth of penetration of the shaped charge jet compared to scenarios in which sintered liners without this additive were used.
PL
W artykule zostały przedstawione wybrane wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w ramach realizacji projektu badawczego: „Zastosowanie grafenu i nowych technologii wielowarstwowych materiałów wybuchowych w materiałach na wkładki kumulacyjne” (nr projektu NCBiR: DOB-BI08/03/01/2016). Praca ta była przeprowadzona w konsorcjum, w skład którego wchodziły: Instytut Mechaniki Precyzyjnej, Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna oraz przedsiębiorstwo Mototechnika. Głównym celem wykonanych eksperymentów było zbadanie skuteczności wkładek kumulacyjnych, wytworzonych metodami metalurgii proszków, z mieszanek zawierających proszek miedzi oraz proszek miedzi pokryty grafenem. Zawartość tego ostatniego wynosiła odpowiednio:0%, 1%, 5% i 10%. Dokonano rentgenograficznej rejestracji strumieni kumulacyjnych przy zastosowaniu ładunków zawierających wkładki wytworzone z testowanych mieszanek proszkowych. Przeprowadzono próby strzelania do przegród stalowych i określono głębokość penetracji. Otrzymane wyniki badań wykazały, że dodatek proszku grafenowanego do proszku czystej miedzi praktycznie nie zwiększa głębokości wnikania strumienia kumulacyjnego w stosunku do przypadku, gdy zastosowano wkładki spiekane bez tego dodatku.
2
Content available Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of a Model Reactive Armour without Metal Plates
Trzciński Waldemar A., Zalewski Karol, Chyłek Zbigniew, Szymańczyk Leszek
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2022
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Vol. 19, no. 2
113--134
EN
Explosive reactive armour (ERA) is widely used to protect military vehicles against shaped charges and kinetic projectiles, but the use of the ERA element with metal plates is potentially hazardous to the surroundings. A patent claim has recently been issued on explosive reactive armour without metal plates. The non-metallic ERA consists of an explosive, a heavy metal powder and a binder. The aim of the present work was to experimentally test the effectiveness of such armour for disrupting cumulative jets. HMX was used as the explosive matrix and RTV silicone as the binder. Tungsten (W) powder was added to the explosive. The disruption of the cumulative jet was assessed on the basis of X-ray images, the number and size of holes in a steel plate, which was placed under the shaped charge, and the penetration depth of a steel target. It was shown that reactive armour consisting of HMX and W powder was effective in dispersing the cumulative jet, especially for a small impact angle (30°). The influence of the W particle size and the content of the W powder in the armour on jet were investigated. Finally, the effectiveness of one of the tested reactive armours was compared with that of classic reactive armour with steel plates.
3
Content available Analysis of a self-centring detonation wave generator
Trzciński Waldemar A., Paszula Józef, Szymańczyk Leszek
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
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2021
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T. 13
34--47
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the parameters of a detonator generating a self-centring detonation wave, based on experimental and theoretical analysis. The methods for manufacturing self-centring detonation wave generators available in literature were reviewed and a detonator comprised of two explosives was proposed. The detonator geometry was analysed for its ability to centre the detonation wave. A physical detonator model was created and the detonation wave front downstream of the detonator, analysed and the detonator’s capability to compensate an off-centre detonation initiation, evaluated. The wave fronts were recorded using pulsed x-ray radiography. The study showed that the proposed detonator provides a symmetrical initiation of the main charge for the initiation point (location) offset, lower than the assumed maximum offset.
PL
Celem pracy był dobór na drodze eksperymentalno-teoretycznej parametrów detonatora do generowania samocentrującej się fali detonacyjnej. Dokonano literaturowego przeglądu sposobów wytwarzania generatorów samocentrującej się fali detonacyjnej i zaproponowano detonator składający się z dwóch materiałów wybuchowych. Dokonano analizy geometrii takiego detonatora pod kątem możliwości centrowania się fali detonacyjnej. Zbudowano model fizyczny detonatora i zbadano kształt frontu fali detonacyjnej po wyjściu z detonatora oraz oceniono zdolność detonatora do kompensowania niecentralnego zainicjowania detonacji. Do rejestracji frontów falowych wykorzystano zestaw do rentgenografii impulsowej. Wykazano, że zaproponowany detonator jest w stanie zapewnić symetryczność pobudzenia ładunku głównego dla przesunięcia punktu (miejsca) zainicjowania detonacji mniejszego od założonego przesunięcia maksymalnego.
4
Content available Studies on the Properties of a Putty-like Explosive with a Silicone Binder
Zalewski Karol, Chyłek Zbigniew, Trzciński Waldemar A.
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2021
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Vol. 18, no. 1
112--123
EN
In this work a new putty-like explosive containing 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was prepared and its properties were studied. The plasticity and the decomposition temperature of the explosive were determined. The sensitivity to friction, impact, shock wave and internal ignition were tested. The heats of combustion and explosion of the formulation were also measured. The diameter and critical layer as well as the detonation velocity of charges of different diameters were determined. The research results obtained were analyzed.
5
Content available Theoretical assessment of the response of an explosive charge to the impact of a tungsten subprojectile
Trzciński Waldemar A.
Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
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2020
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T. 12(2)
17--28
EN
The criteria for initiation of detonation in an explosive encased in a metal envelope following impact by a projectile are discussed in the paper. Methods for estimating the pressure in the explosive after impact by a high-speed projectile are presented. The methods and criteria were used to investigate the response of explosives encased in steel shells after tungsten projectile impact. Based on the results obtained, the ability of AHEAD ammunition to destroy missiles and artillery shells was assessed.
PL
W pracy omówiono kryteria inicjowania detonacji po uderzeniu pocisku w materiał wybuchowy zamknięty w metalowej otoczce. Przedstawiono metody szacowania wartości ciśnienia w materiale wybuchowym po uderzeniu pocisku napędzonego do wysokiej prędkości. Metody i kryteria zastosowano do zbadania odpowiedzi materiałów wybuchowych zamkniętych w stalowych skorupach po uderzeniu podpocisku wolframowego. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników oceniono zdolność amunicji AHEAD do niszczenia pocisków rakietowych i artyleryjskich.
6
Content available Thermochemical Properties, Ballistic Parameters and Sensitivity of New RDX-based Propellants
Hara Marcin, Trzciński Waldemar A., Cudziło Stanisław, Szala Mateusz, Chyłek Zbigniew, Surma Zbigniew
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2020
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Vol. 17, no. 2
223--238
EN
New RDX-based propellants were obtained and investigated. The heat of combustion was determined in a calorimeter and the pressure history was measured in a manometric bomb. Ballistic parameters, such as maximum pressure, propellant force and covolume of gaseous products, as well as the dynamic vivacity, were determined based on the experimental results. The sensitivities to friction and impact were determined for the tested propellants. Calculations of the ballistic characteristics (the heat of combustion, propellant force, covolume and ratio of specific heats of the combustion products, and ballistic energy) were performed. The theoretical parameters were compared with the experimental data and quite good agreement was found between them. The largest differences occurred in the cases of propellant force and covolume. This disagreement is explained. An analysis of the test results and a comparison of the parameters of the RDX-based propellants and the JA2 propellant allowed the possibility of using the tested propellants in ammunition to be assessed.
7
Content available Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Heat of Combustion of RDX-based Propellants
Hara Marcin, Trzciński Waldemar A.
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2019
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Vol. 16, no. 3
399--411
EN
The main goal of the present work was to check whether it is possible to use a thermochemical model to predict the heat of combustion of new RDX-based propellants and to determine which calculation conditions ensure that the calculated heat obtained is close to the calorimetric value. Calorimetric measurements of the heat of combustion of selected new RDX-based propellants were carried out and their combustion characteristics were also obtained by thermochemical calculations. The combustion heats determined experimentally and theoretically were compared. On the basis of an analysis of the results obtained, the influence of the temperature of “freezing” of the composition of the combustion products on the calculated combustion heat was checked. The ballistic parameters of the tested propellants were also calculated.
8
Content available Determination of the Equation of State for the Detonation Products of Emulsion Explosives
Trzciński Waldemar A., Szymańczyk Leszek, Kramarczyk Bartłomiej
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2019
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Vol. 16, no. 1
49--64
EN
In this workcylinder testswere performed for two emulsion explosives (Emulinit 8L and Emulinit GM1) used in the mining industry. Based on the results of the tests, the detonation pressure and energy of these explosives were estimated. The detonation characteristics obtained, the profile of the expanding copper tube and the results of the numerical simulation enabled the constants in the JWL(Jones-Wilkins-Lee) equation of state to be determine for the detonation products of these two explosives.
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