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Diversity of Peritricha (Ciliophora) in Activated Sludge Depending on the Technology of Wastewater Treatment

Babko Roman, Kuzmina Tatiana, Pliashechnik Volodimir, Zaburko Jacek, Szulżyk-Cieplak Joanna, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

158--166

EN

The representation of Peritricha ciliates was studied in the activated sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), one of which operates using a technology that includes alternating aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions in bioreactors (Lublin, Poland), and the other – only aerobic conditions (Sumy, Ukraine). During the study, 14 Peritricha species were identified in the WWTP Lublin, and 13 species were identified in the WWTP Sumy. The similarity of species lists was 81.5% (Sørensen index). On the basis of on the similarity and taking into account the occurrence rate (≥ 60%), a common group of Peritricha species characteristic of the activated sludge from these two types of treatment facilities was identified, which includes 4 species of colonial Peritricha: Carchesium polypinum, Epistylis coronata, Epistylis longicaudatum and Opercularia articulata, and also 4 species of solitary Peritricha: Vorticella aquadulcis, Vorticella convallaria, Vorticella infusionum and Vorticella microstoma. Despite the very high similarity in species composition, statistical analysis of the population structure of Peritricha showed a clear separation of two WWTPs with different wastewater treatment technologies. If there is a significant similarity in the species composition of Peritricha, the species, based on their abundance and occurrence, are divided into two groups, focused on different technological schemes. The population structure of Peritricha responds to the changes in purification technology, showing the changes not so much in species composition as in their quantitative structure. The differences in bioreactor conditions and increased effluent treatment efficiency demonstrated by the WWTP Lublin result in differences in Peritricha species structure, which are reflected in higher Peritricha abundance in WWTP Lublin compared to WWTP Sumy.

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Applying the Machine Learning Method to Improve Calibration Quality of Time Domain Reflectometry Measuring Technique

Mikušová Dominika, Suchorab Zbigniew, Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk Magdalena, Zaburko Jacek, Trník Anton

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 3

270--279

EN

The article presents the application of the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique for measuring the moisture of porous building materials used in construction. The work is focused on using the potential of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of TDR measurements through a new approach to the interpretation of data obtained from the TDR readings. Machine learning is a data analysis technique, used nowadays in many scientific disciplines. The authors performed a measurement data analysis using the artificial intelligence algorithms to assess moisture of aerated concrete samples tested with a TDR multimeter using two non-invasive sensors which differ in thickness. Data analysis was carried out using supervised machine learning to analyse a series of reflectograms obtained during the measurement. For the data achieved by the classical and machine learning method interpretation, correlation analysis was conducted to confirm the potential of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of TDR measurement. The summary of the work discusses the obtained analytical results and highlights the effectiveness of moisture assessment using the Gaussian Process Regression method, which allowed achieving a level of 0.2 - 0.3% of the RMSE errors value, which is about 10 times lower than the traditional approach.

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Analysis of the Solubility of a Support Filament Made of a Copolymer of Vinyl Alcohol and Butanediol in Aqueous Solutions with Variable pH

Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk Magdalena, Urzędowski Arkadiusz, Wlazło Magda, Mikušová Dominika, Zaburko Jacek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

201--207

EN

3D printing is a modern technology that enables the creation of three-dimensional objects from various thermoplastic copolymers. One of the challenges of 3D printing is providing adequate support for complex shapes that may fall apart or deform during the printing process. Traditionally, support materials are used for this purpose, which are difficult to remove after printing and difficult to dispose of. This work focuses on the analysis of the solubility of the BVOH support filament in solutions with different pH values. In particular, the influence of pH on the dissolution time of the BVOH (Butenediol Vinyl Alcohol Co-polymer) copolymer in aqueous solutions and its influence on changes in the PETG base material from which the samples were printed were examined. It was found that the BVOH material combined with PETG is easily soluble in an alkaline environment.

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Zastosowanie wolnoobrotowego systemu mieszania w sekwencyjnych bioreaktorach porcjowych z osadem czynnym

Zaburko Jacek, Szulżyk-Cieplak Joanna, Widomski Marcin K., Łagód Grzegorz

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2022

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Nr 6

36--39

PL

Zaostrzające się wymogi, dotyczące jakości ścieków odprowadzanych do odbiornika, doprowadziły do opracowania wielu urządzeń wykorzystywanych podczas biologicznego oczyszczania. Obecne badania prowadzone w sektorze wodno-ściekowym skupiają się często na poszukiwaniu efektywnych energetycznie rozwiązań technicznych i technologicznych, wywierających jak najmniej negatywny wpływ na środowisko „przy jednoczesnym obniżeniu kosztów eksploatacyjnych. W systemach oczyszczania powszechnie wykorzystuje się właściwości struktur mikroorganizmów w postaci kłaczków osadu czynnego, które usuwają organiczne i biogenne związki zawarte w ściekach. Ważnym elementem powyższego rozwiązania jest zastosowanie układu mieszania i napowietrzania bioreaktorów w odpowiedniej konfiguracji. W oczyszczalni ścieków, z częścią biologiczną, działającej w technologii SBR, stosuje się wiele rodzajów urządzeń do mieszania. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie innowacyjnego wolnoobrotowego systemu mieszania w sekwencyjnych bioreaktorach porcjowych, w których czynnikiem procesowym jest osad czynny.

EN

Increasing demands on the quality of wastewater discharged to the receiving water have led to the development of many biological treatment devices. Current research in the water and wastewater sector often focuses on finding energy-efficient solutions that have the least negative impact on the environment while reducing operating costs. In wastewater treatment systems, it is common to utilize the properties of microbial structures in the form of activated sludge flocs that remove organic compounds and biogenic contained in wastewater. An important part of the solution is the mixing and aeration system configuration used. In the treatment plant operating in the SBR technology, there are many types of mixing devices that are used in the process of wastewater treatment. This paper presents the application of an innovative slow-speed mixing system in sequential batch bioreactors in which activated sludge is a process factor.

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Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of External Wall Moisture on Building Temperature Distributions

Urzędowski Arkadiusz, Zaburko Jacek, Gleń Piotr, Łagód Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 3

297--308

EN

In this paper, the authors made attempt to analyse the influence of moisture in the external wall of a building on the distribution of the temperature field, using numerical and experimental methods. Studies were carried out in the places of heat leakage occurring in structural joints of a single-family residential building, built in the traditional technology. In this study, the thermal bridge parameters were calculated by determining the values of thermal and moisture identifiers. For this purpose, two three-dimensional models of the building partition were designed based on an existing structure, and the boundary conditions for simulations were determined. The obtained heat flux values made it possible to perform quantitative calculations of heat flux distributions and temperatures of construction joints within the thermal bridge occurrence area. Moreover, the accuracy of the final temperatures obtained after combining the mathematical models with the values determined from thermograms was evaluated. In order to validate the results of numerical simulation, a test model was used taking into account the parameters specified in PL-EN 15026. The analysis aimed to present the handiness of using the simulation at the stage of planning the design and thermomodernisation of buildings in the places particularly exposed to adverse terrain and atmospheric conditions.

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Modeling of the Aeration System of a Sequencing Batch Reactor

Zaburko Jacek, Głowienka Radosław, Widomski Marcin K., Szulżyk-Cieplak Joanna, Babko Roman, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

249--256

EN

The use of modern methods as well as modeling and simulation tools in the design of bioreactors allows for the analysis of the flow phenomena in a short period of time without the need of physical model preparation, and thus for the optimization of existing solutions. The article presents the simulations of the aeration process in an SBR-type bioreactor, realized by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and ANSYS 12.1 software. The subject of the analysis was a diffuser of own design. The Design Modeler 12.1 module was used for the preparation of geometry representing the analyzed design, and the discretization of the continuous domain was carried out with the ANSYS Meshing 12.1 tool. The ANSYS Fluent 6.3 solver was used For model calculations. On the basis of the results obtained from the conducted simulations, it is possible to predict the parameters which will increase efficiency and effectiveness without the need to build a real set of prototype models of aeration systems. The results obtained indicate that an increase in the aeration velocity results in a decrease in the minimum Y-axis velocity for both the mixture and air. The observed differences are caused by the shape of the geometric model and the velocity of the air outlet through the openings, which affects the hydraulic process in the chamber. These processes affect both the amount of oxygen dissolved in the bioreactor and the behavior of the suspension in volume. The turbulence intensity during the aeration process is concerned mainly in the range from 3.9 to 8.7% and is comparable with the average values of turbulence degree obtained by other researchers. The air bubble diameter ranged from 0.3 to 4.5 mm, in the case of aeration velocity 5.68 cm/s, a significant part of the chamber were air bubbles with a diameter of 2.6 to 3.9 mm, i.e. they were not the limit values.