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1

New apparatus for Chip-Chunk resistance testing

Manas D., Mizera A., Manas M., Stoklasek P., Hudec I.

Elastomery

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2017

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T. 21, nr 3

167--172

EN

Wear is a phenomenon which can never be completely eliminated. It is present everywhere in all aspects of life. While the problem of wear in metal materials has been described in detail, the problem of wear in rubber products requires further investigation. Tire production is the largest sector in products made of rubber. Their wear is an important factor both for producers and users. Producers aim to produce tires with better resistance to wear than those of their competitors, while users look for a tire with the best resistance of wear. Wear is usually considered in terms of abrasion, which is defined as the loss of material that results from mechanical action on a rubber surface. Abrasion resistance is a complicated phenomenon and is dependent on many things, residence, stiffness, thermal stability, resistance to cutting and tearing, etc. and different applications require these properties in widely varying proportions. Aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the wear of off-road tires which are used in harsh terrain conditions such as quarries, construction sites or forests. For the study of such a type of wear referred to as Chip-Chunk effect improved equipment has been designed, built and verified in praxis.

PL

Zużycie to zjawisko, którego nigdy nie da się całkowicie wyeliminować. Występuje ono we wszystkich aspektach życia. Chociaż problem zużywania się materiałów metalowych został szczegółowo opisany, problem zużycia wyrobów gumowych wymaga dalszego badania. Produkcja opon jest największym sektorem wyrobów z gumy. Ich zużycie jest ważnym czynnikiem zarówno dla producentów, jak i użytkowników. Producenci starają się produkować opony o większej odporności na zużycie niż ich konkurenci, natomiast użytkownicy szukają opony o najlepszej odporności na zużycie. Zużycie jest zazwyczaj rozpatrywane pod kątem ścieralności, określanej jako utrata materiału, która jest wynikiem oddziaływania mechanicznego na powierzchnię gumy. Odporność na ścieranie jest zjawiskiem skomplikowanym i zależy od wielu rzeczy, lokalizacji, sztywności, trwałości termicznej, odporności na rozcięcia i rozdarcia itp., a różne zastosowania wymagają różnego zestawu tych właściwości. Celem tego artykułu jest wprowadzenie czytelnika w zagadnienie zużycia opon terenowych, które są użytkowane w trudnych warunkach, takich jak kamieniołomy, place budowy czy lasy. W celu zbadania takiego typu zużycia, określanego jako efekt chip-chunk, zaprojektowano, zbudowano i zweryfikowano w praktyce udoskonalone urządzenie opisane w tej pracy.

2

Wear of tyre treads

Manas D., Manas M., Staněk M., Pata V.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

538-543

EN

Purpose: The description of a new method of rubber parts wear testing especially wear of tyre treads is the main aim of this paper. Understanding of wear procedure could help to improve the quality of tyres and other rubber parts working in heavy terrain conditions. Design/methodology/approach: For that purpose testing equipment was designed and constructed. New method of testing of wear resistance based on gravimetric determination of mass loss of testing part during the test period was prepared and well – proven. Behaviour of testing samples during the test was monitored using high speed video camera. Findings: Because of complexity of this problem it would be very useful to continue this research and to describe in details the wear procedure using the new testing methods. Monitoring of wear progress by high speed video – camera may be one of the significant methods. Practical implications: The main benefit for praxis could be seen in new testing method which makes comparing different rubber compounds possible from the point of view of their wear (Chip - Chunk) resistance. Originality/value: Completely new in this paper is also monitoring of wear process using high speed video - camera.

3

Improvement of plastic properties

Manas D., Manas M., Stanek M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 32, nr 2

69-76

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to present the results of research programme on improve polymer materials properties by irradiation. This method can be helpful in improving some of mechanical properties and thermal stability of polymers. Design/methodology/approach: Radiation processing involves the use of natural or man-made sources of high energy radiation on an industrial scale. The principle of the radiation processing is the ability of the high energy radiation to produce reactive cations, anions, and free radicals in materials. The industrial application of the radiation processing of plastic and composites includes polymerization, cross-linking and grafting. Radiation processing involves mainly the use of either electron beams from electron accelerators or gamma radiation from Cobalt-60 sources. The big advantage of radiation processing is, that does not make the product radioactive. In this research programme, the properties of natural (not irradiated) and irradiated polypropylene (PP), both unfilled and filled with 25% of glass fibres, were compared. Flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength, thermal stability and complex modulus E* were researched. The injection moulding machine DEMAG - EGROTECH 50 - 200 was used for sam preparation. Irradiation was carried out in the company BGS Beta Gamma Service GmbH Co, KG, Saal am Donau, Germany with the electron rays, electron energy 10 MeV, doses of 15 and 33 kGy. Findings: The most important results are the enormous improvement of the thermal stability and some mechanical properties of irradiated PP. Practical implications: From the practical point of view the most important is the enormous improvement of the thermal stability of irradiated PP. The majority of industrial applications of radiation processing are cross-linking of wire and cable insulations, tube, heat shrink cables, components of tires, composites, moulded products for automotive and electrical industry etc. Originality/value: It is necessary to use engineering polymers or even high performance polymers in some application. In many cases it would be possible to use standard or engineering polymers and to improve their properties, e.g. by irradiation.

4

Wear of tire treads

Manas D., Manas M., Stanek M., Pata V.

Archives of Materials Science

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2007

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Vol. 28, nr 1-4

81-89

EN

Purpose: The description of new method of testing of wear of rubber parts especially wear of tire treads, is the main aim of this paper. The understanding of wear procedure could help to improve the quality of tires and other rubber parts working in heavy terrain conditions. Design/methodology/approach: For these purpose testing equipment was designed and constructed. New method of testing of wear resistance based on gravimetric determination of mass lost of testing part during the test period has been prepared and well – proven. The behaviour of testing samples during the test was monitoring using high speed video camera. Findings: Because of complexity of this problem there would be very useful to continue in this research and to describe in details the wear procedure using the new testing methods. Monitoring of wear progress by high speed video – camera may be one of the significant method. Practical implications: The main benefit for praxis could be seen in new testing method which make possible to compare different rubber compounds from the point of view of their wear (Chip - Chunk) resistance. Originality/value: Completely new in this paper is also the monitoring of wear process using high speed video - camera.