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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

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Fate and Management of Pollution of Hexavalent Chromium Cr(VI) and Heavy Metals in the Zarqa River Basin in Jordan

Shammout Maisa'a W., Shatanawi Muhammad, Awwad Akl M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 2

108--115

This paper focused on the fate of pollution and management of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and heavy metals in the Zarqa River Basin in Jordan. The Zarqa River basin was selected in this research because it contains the majority of Jordanian industries, which are the main source of pollutants including Cr(VI) and heavy metals. This will help in assisting water resource management organizations in decision making when coping with pollution. Industries related to sources and impacts of Cr(VI) and heavy metals were identified, and the administration measures were highlighted according to their role in improving water quality. An analysis of water samples along the Zarqa River was conducted between 2016-2019 to evaluate the heavy metals concentrations and compare the results with the Jordanian standards. Findings showed that Cr(VI) was below the allowable limits (<5 μg/l), and the heavy metals were within the allowed limits set forth in the Jordanian Standard. The ranges of water analysis values (μg/L) were; DO 4640–6480, Fe <40–80, Mn 20–128, Co <20–30, Pb 80–190, Zn 70–100, and Cu <80–190, Al 700–730, V <70–100, B <300–351, Si 1100–1800, Ni 30, and Cd <10. These findings indicated that the quality of the Zarqa River would not cause hazardous effects. However, this was not the case few years ago due the current protection measures. At present some industries have been relocated from the Zarqa Basin to an area that does not pose any environmental hazards, while the rest of industries remained in the basin, but they have established an on-site treatment plant for industrial waste under the control of Jordanian government, and the enforcement of the environmental protection law. These measures must be monitored and updated by decision makers in a sustainable manner to prevent any water pollution.

Impact of Land Use/Cover Changes on the Flow of the Zarqa River in Jordan

Shammout Maisa'a W., Shatanawi Khaldoun, Al-Bakri Jawad, Abualhaija Mahmoud M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 10

40--50

This paper investigated the impact of land use/cover changes on the flow of the Zarqa River in Jordan over a period of twenty-eight years. The land use/cover maps were derived using a set of medium spatial images with full scenes for the years 1989, 2002, 2011 and 2017. These images correspond to the river flow data for the same hydrological rainy seasons. The component of the river flow consists of the base-flow, flood and contribution of effluent from treatment plants. Base-flow was separated from hydrographs and effluent contribution was obtained. Runoff coefficient was determined as the ratio of flood volume to rainfall volume. The land use/cover maps were classified as urban fabrics, bare rocks, open rangelands and bare soils, agricultural areas, agro-forestry, and water bodies. During the study period, urban areas increased from 4.87% to 16.14%, and agricultural areas increased from 21.69% to 31.66%. The areas of rangelands and bare soil decreased from 34.91% to 22.57% and bare rocks from 35.98% to 27.57%, respectively. The increase in urban and agricultural areas resulted in runoff coefficient improvement from 1.89% in 1989/1990 to 2.72% for 2016/2017. The results could be useful for planners and decision makers for future flow management in the Zarqa River Basin. The approach and results of this study confirm the findings of similar studies for land and water management.