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1

Iron Porous Slide Bearings Impregnated with a Selected Ionic Liquid

Kałdoński T. J., Kałdoński T.

Tribologia

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2018

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nr 6

43--50

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań porowatych łożysk ślizgowych spiekanych z proszku żelaza Höganas NC.100.24 z dodatkiem 2,5% mas. miedzi nasączonych dobranymi cieczami jonowymi na drodze kompleksowych i szczegółowych badań [L. 1–6]. Badania te zrealizowano w ramach projektu rozwojowego PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 finansowanego przez MNiSzW w latach 2007–2011 [L. 7]. Uzyskano wielokrotnie wyższą nośność i trwałość w porównaniu ze standardowymi tulejami ø25/ø35×20 mm smarowanymi dotychczas stosowanymi olejami, w tym także perfluoropolieterowymi. Dotychczas nie są znane łożyska spiekane z proszku żelaza i nasączone cieczami jonowymi, dzięki czemu ich trwałość i nośność są znacznie większe, dlatego postanowiono zgłosić do Urzędu Patentowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej odpowiednie zastrzeżenie patentowe [L. 8].

EN

This article presents some selected results of the research on the slide porous bearings, sintered from the iron powder Höganas NC.100.24, with 2.5% of copper addition by weight, impregnated with selected ionic liquids, through comprehensive and detailed research works [L. 1–6]. The research was carried out within the framework of PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 Research Project financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, during 2007–2011 [L. 7]. Several times higher load capacities and durabilities were obtained in comparison with standard ø25/ø35×20 mm sleeves lubricated with previously used oils, including perfluoropolyether oils. To date, there were no bearings sintered from the iron powder and impregnated with ionic liquids. The durability and load capacity of such bearings are higher, and that is why it was decided to submit a proper patent claim to the Polish Patent Office [L. 8].

2

Biodegradowalne ciecze chłodząco-smarujące w systemach tribotechnologicznych z elementami stalowymi

Kowalczyk J., Milewski K., Kałdoński T.

Obróbka Metalu

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2015

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nr 2

29--34

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań tribologicznych ze smarowaniem biodegradowalną cieczą chłodzącosmarującą zawierającą dodatek uszlachetniający – asparginian cynku. Badania tribologiczne przeprowadzono na testerze T-01 M pracującym w skojarzeniu trącym kula-tarcza w ruchu ślizgowym. Analizę struktury geometrycznej powierzchni próbek oraz przeciwpróbek przed i po testach tribologicznych wykonano profilometrem optycznym Talysurf CCI Lite. Pomiar kąta zwilżania wykonano za pomocą urządzenia KSV CAM 100 wraz z przyrządem chłodniczym. Badania wykazały, że ciecz obróbkowa doskonale spełnia swoje funkcje chłodzące i smarujące. Wpłynęła ona na powstanie przeciwtarciowych warstw granicznych, które zabezpieczyły przed bezpośrednim kontaktem powierzchni współpracujących tarciowo, co spowodowało zmniejszenie oporów ruchu w czasie prowadzenia testów.

EN

This paper presents the results of tribological studies under lubricated friction conditions using a biodegradable liquid with zinc aspartate as a wear-inhibiting additive. The tribological tests were carried out on using T-01 M tester with a ball sliding on a disc. The surface texture of the samples and counterspecimens were analyzed before and after the tribological tests using a Talysurf CCI Lite optical profiler. The measurement of contact angle was done with the use of KSV CAM 100 apparatus with cooling device. The test results show that the layer formed at the interface prevented the moving surfaces from coming into direct contact, reduced their resistance to motion and provided anticorrosion protection.

3

The effect of laser surface modification on permeability and load capacity of porous sleeves

Gocman K., Kałdoński T., Król A., Giemza B.

Journal of KONES

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2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

107--114

EN

In this article some results of the research on the new generation slide porous bearings sintered from Höganas NC.100.24 iron powder, with 2.5% addition by weight of copper, with micro-segments (paths) made on their sliding surface with CO2 laser, with increased hardness and locally reduced surface porosity, are presented. The research was carried out within the framework of PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 Research Project financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, during 2007 – 2011 [1]. Significant increase of the load capacity of the porous sleeves with paths, in comparison with the same Ø25/Ø35 x 20 mm sleeves without paths, was obtained. Durability of the bearings was also slightly higher; however, in comparison with the sleeves with macro-segments made of solid material, durability of the new generation bearings was several times higher. The sleeves sintered from iron powder with micro-segments made on their surface with the laser technique have not been previously known. Promising results in terms of increase of load capacity and durability caused that authors decided to submit a proper patent claim to the Polish Patent Office [2].

4

Identifying of thermotropic liquid crystal phase and its influence on lubricity of ionic liquids

Kałdoński T. J., Piecek W., Kałdoński T., Pawlak Z.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 1

143--156

EN

In this article there is discussed a possibility of forming the liquid crystal structure in ionic liquids and its influence on performance characteristics, especially tribological, of these liquids. Formation of such thermal phase might influence on, among other things, easier creation of the boundary lubricating film, which is characterized by high viscous anisotropy. The results of tribological tests showed better lubricity of selected ionic liquids than modern PFPE oils. Identification of mesophase in ionic liquids was necessary. This method is described in the paper. Biolar PL polarizing interference microscope with thermal stabilizing table, with birefraction system, and Brüker Discover 8 powder diffraction instrument with a Cu lamp and monochromator were used. There was being searched the state characterized simultaneously by optical anisotropy properties and liquid state of aggregation. For identification of phase transition temperature, the additional calorimetric tests were carried out during the cycle of heating and cooling. These researches were carried out within the framework of the development and research project no. PBR 15-249/2007/WAT-OR0002904, financed by Ministry of Science and Higher Education during 2007-2011.

5

Ecotoxicity of ionic liquids as lubricants

Kałdoński T. J., Kałdoński T., Załęska-Radziwiłł M., Pawlak Z.

Journal of KONES

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2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 1

135--142

EN

In this article there is discussed the influence of ionic liquids on natural environment on the basis of detailed analysis of the literature information and the results of the Authors' researches carried out within the framework of the development and research project no. PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 financed by Ministry of Science and Higher Education during 2007-2011. The literature information about toxic features of ionic liquids is very skimpy, but the detailed analysis of it and the results of our own researches allow us to say that not all ionic liquids should be treated as fully environmentally friendly substances. Among these substances, there are non-toxic and moderately toxic but there are very toxic liquids, too. Therefore, uncritical rating all ionic liquids among Green Chemistry is inappropriate. The test results of ionic liquids ecotoxicity were compared with the results obtained for standard oils used at lubrication technologies, particularly at motorization. All reference oils, according to EU classification, were non-toxic. The tests were carried out in accordance with OECD 202 European normative document, which recommends carrying out the tests for Daphnia Magna crustaceans. There were carried out: acute immobilization tests to Daphnia Magna, calculation of the effective concentrations EC50-t and evaluation of ionic and reference liquids toxicity with regard to used bioindicators

6

Zjawiska triboelektryczne podczas tarcia elementów z powłokami DLC

Ozimina D., Madej M., Bugajska A., Witaszek K., Płaza S., Ozimina E., Kałdoński T.

Tribologia

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2014

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nr 6

113--125

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań tribologicznych dla elementów z powłoką DLC oraz dla stali jako układu odniesienia, którego właściwości są stosunkowo powszechnie znane. Analizę przeprowadzono pod kątem właściwości tribologicznych, oceny zmian struktury geometrycznej powierzchni SGP oraz generowanych ładunków triboelektrycznych – mikroprądów tarcia. Badania prowadzono w warunkach tarcia technicznie suchego i ze smarowaniem olejem syntetycznym polialfaolefinowym PAO-8 na testerze T-01M z oprzyrządowaniem peryferyjnym do rejestracji generowanych ładunków triboelektrycznych. W opracowaniu podkreślono wpływ energii i jej przemian na przebieg tarcia i procesów zużycia oraz właściwości tworzonych przeciwzużyciowych warstw wierzchnich.

EN

The paper presents the results of tribological studies concerning elements with DLC coatings. Steel, whose properties are relatively well known, was used as the reference material. The aim of the analysis was to determine the tribological properties of the DLC-coated elements, assess the changes in their surface texture, and measure the triboelectric charging, i.e. the microcurrents resulting from friction. The testing was performed using a T-01M analyser with peripherals for registering triboelectric charges. The results obtained for dry friction conditions and lubricated friction conditions, with PAO-8 synthetic oil as the lubricant, show how energy and energy transitions affect friction and wear processes and the properties of the anti-wear coatings.

7

Porowate łożyska ślizgowe spiekane z proszku żelaza z dodatkiem heksagonalnego azotku boru

Kałdoński T., Giemza B., Król A., Gocman K.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2014

|

Vol. 63, nr 1

87-100

PL

Autorzy prezentują w artykule wybrane wyniki badań porowatych tulei ślizgowych nowej generacji spiekanych z proszku żelaza Höganas NC.100.24 z dodatkiem heksagonalnego azotku boru h-BN zamiast dotychczas stosowanego proszku miedzi lub grafitu. Zadania zrealizowano w ramach projektu rozwojowego PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR 00002904 finansowanego przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w latach 2007-2011 [1]. Uzyskano znaczącą, nawet dwukrotną poprawę obciążalności i trwałości porowatych tulei Ø25/Ø35 × 20 mm zawierających w żelaznym spieku 3% wagowe azotku boru h-BN, w porównaniu do takich samych, standardowych tulei zawierających 2,5% miedzi. Dotychczas w świecie nie są znane tuleje spiekane z proszku żelaza z dodatkiem h-BN, osiągające dzięki temu zwiększoną trwałość i nośność, dlatego autorzy zgłosili do Urzędu Patentowego Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej odpowiednie zastrzeżenie patentowe [2].

EN

In this article there are presented some selected results of research works on new generation porous slide bearings, sintered from Höganas NC.100.24 iron powder, with addition of hexagonal boron nitride h-BN instead of copper or graphite powder. The research was carried out within the framework of PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR 00002904 Research Project financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, during 2007-2011 [1]. Significant increase in capacity and durability of Ø25/Ø35 × 20 mm porous sleeves containing 3% of boron nitride h-BN by weight in the iron sinter was obtained in comparison to the same standard sleeves containing 2.5% of copper. To date there are no bearings sintered from iron powder with addition of h-BN. Owing to this fact, their durability and load capacity are higher, and that is why it was decided to submit a proper patent claim to the Polish Patent Office [2].

8

Ocena morfologii powierzchni, właściwości mechanicznych oraz przyczepności cienkich warstw azotku boru wytwarzanych metodą ablacji laserowej

Gocman K., Mróz W., Kałdoński T., Burdyńska S., Budner B.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2014

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Vol. 63, nr 1

101-111

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wstępne wyniki badań morfologii powierzchni (AFM, FTIR) powłok azotku boru nanoszonych metodą ablacji laserowej (PLD) na podłoża stalowe. Scharakteryzowano właściwości mechaniczne (twardość, moduł Younga) oraz przyczepność powłok do podłoża. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzono możliwość stosowania stali jako materiału na podłoże do nanoszenia cienkich powłok azotku boru metodą PLD.

EN

The article presents preliminary results of investigation on morphology (AFM, FTIR) of boron nitride thin films deposited onto steel substrates using PLD method. Mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) of the coatings and their adhesion to the substrates were measured. On the basis of obtained results, the possibility of using steel as a subststrate for pulsed laser deposition of BN films was confirmed.

9

Żelazne łożyska porowate z mikrosegmentami wykonanymi techniką laserową na powierzchni ślizgowej tulei

Gocman K., Kałdoński T., Król A., Giemza B.

Tribologia

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2013

|

nr 6

9--20

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań porowatych tulei ślizgowych nowej generacji spiekanych z proszku żelaza Höganas NC.100.24 z dodatkiem 2,5% mas. miedzi z wykonanymi laserem C02 na ich ślizgowej powierzchni mikrosegmentami (ścieżkami) o zwiększonej twardości i zmniejszonej lokalnie porowatości powierzchniowej. Badania zrealizowano w ramach projektu rozwojowego PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 finansowanego przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w latach 2007-2011 [L. 1]. Uzyskano znaczące zwiększenie nośności porowatych tulei ze ścieżkami w stosunku do takich samych tulei Ø25/Ø35 x 20 mm bez ścieżek. Trwałość tulei była również trochę większa, natomiast w stosunku do tulei z makrosegmentami z materiału litego trwałość łożysk nowej generacji była wielokrotnie większa. Dotychczas w świecie nie są znane tuleje spiekane z proszku żelaza i z wykonanymi na ich powierzchni techniką laserową mikrosegmentami, dzięki czemu ich trwałość i nośność są większe, dlatego postanowiono zgłosić do Urzędu Patentowego Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej odpowiednie zastrzeżenie patentowe [L. 2].

EN

In this article some results of the research on a new generation slide porous sleeves is presented. The sleeves are sintered from Höganas NC.100.24 iron powder, with 2.5% addition by weight of copper, with micro-segments (paths) made on their sliding surface with C02 laser, with increased hardness and locally reduced surface porosity, are presented. The research was carried out within the framework of PBR/15-249/ 2007/WAT-OR00002904 Research Project financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, during 2007-2011 [L. 1]. Significant increase of the load capacity of the porous sleeves with paths, in comparison with the same Ø25/Ø35 x 20 mm sleeves without paths, was obtained. Durability of the bearings was also a little higher, and in comparison with the sleeves with macro-segments made of solid material, durability of the new generation bearings was several times higher. To date there are no bearings sintered from iron powder, and with micro-segments made on their surface with the laser technique. Durability and load capacity of such bearings are higher, and that is why it was decided to submit a proper patent claim to the Polish Patent Office [L. 2].

10

O możliwości zastosowania azotku boru h-BN jako składnika żelaznego porowatego spieku

Kałdoński T., Kłos K.

Tribologia

|

2013

|

nr 3

21--35

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań żelaznych spieków zawierających różne ilości heksagonalnego azotku boru h-BN. Badania tribologiczne przeprowadzono za pomocą maszyn KEWAT-6 i KEWAT-1 w Zakładzie Tribologii, Inżynierii Powierzchni i Logistyki Płynów Eksploatacyjnych IPMiT WME WAT. Stwierdzono, że zawartość do 3% wagowo azotku boru w żelaznym spieku proszku żelaza Höganas NC.100.24 poprawia skutecznie właściwości tribologiczne spieku, tj. zmniejsza wartość współczynnika tarcia, nie zwiększając zużycia spiekanych próbek mimo nieznacznego spadku ich twardości. Wyniki tych badań były podstawą do wykonania pełnogabarytowych tulei porowatych zawierających azotek boru h-BN w spieku, które następnie poddano badaniom stanowiskowym w ramach projektu badawczego rozwojowego PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 [L. 1], finansowanego przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w latach 2007–2011.

EN

The results of research on the iron sinters containing various amounts hexagonal boron nitride h-BN are presented in this paper. The tribological research was realised with KEWAT-6 and KEWAT-1 machines at the Department of Tribology, Surface Engineering and Service Fluids Logistics of the Institute of Motor Vehicles and Transportation, FME, MUT. The paper concludes that boron nitride up to 3% by weight in the iron sinter of Höganas NC.100.24 iron powder efficiently increases tribological properties of the sinter, i.e. it lowers the value of the friction factor without increasing the wear of sintered samples. However, their hardness was slightly decreased. These results were the basis for making some full-size porous sleeves, which included boron nitride h-BN in the sinter. The sleeves were then subjected to stand tests within the framework of the development and research project number PBR/15-249/2007/WAT-OR00002904 [L. 1], financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, 2007–2011. Very advantageous results were obtained from these tests, which allowed us to make a patent claim [L. 8].

11

Ocena funkcjonowania azotku boru h-BN zapełniającego „kieszeń” smarowniczą żelaznego porowatego spieku

Kałdoński T., Smuszkiewicz T.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2013

|

Vol. 62, nr 3

195-206

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań żelaznych spieków z wykonaną na ich ślizgowej powierzchni „kieszenią” smarowniczą będącą zasobnikiem zmikronizowanego azotku boru h-BN. Smarami referencyjnymi były: grafit i dwusiarczek molibdenu. Badania tribologiczne zrealizowano na maszynie tarciowej KEWA T-6 w Z akładzie Tribologii, Inżynierii Powierzchni i Logistyki Płynów Eksploatacyjnych IPMiT WME WA T. Stwierdzono, że azotek boru spełniał pozytywną rolę, poprawiając warunki smarowania próbek porowatych nasączonych różnymi olejami. Natomiast zastosowane stałe smary referencyjne (grafit i dwusiarczek molibdenu) wprowadzone do „kieszeni” smarowniczej pogarszały warunki smarowania. Wyniki tych badań stanowiły podstawę pomysłu polegającego na wykonaniu specjalnych mikrosegmentów na powierzchni ślizgowej pełnogabarytowych tulei porowatych w postaci „kieszeni”, w których umieszczono azotek boru techniką ablacji laserowej lub chemicznej elektroforezy [1].

EN

The test results of iron sinters, with a lubricant “pocket” on them, which was a container for micronized boron nitride h-BN, are presented in this paper. Graphite and molybdenum disulphide were reference lubricants. The tribological tests were carried out with KEWA T-6 friction machine AT the Department of Tribology, Surface Engineering and Service Fluids Logistics of the Institute of Motor Vehicles and Transportation, FME, MUT. We found that the presence of boron nitride played a positive role by improving lubrication conditions for porous samples impregnated with various oils. On the other hand, application of solid reference lubricants (graphite and molybdenum disulphide), put to the lubricant “pocket”, worsened lubrication conditions. These results were the basis for the idea to make special micro-segments on a sliding surface of the full-size porous sleeves in the form of “pocket”, where boron nitride was put in with the use of the laser ablative technique or chemical electrophoresis [1].

12

Badania porównawcze olejów perfluoropolieterowych i wybranych cieczy jonowych jako smarów

Kałdoński T. J., Ozimina D., Cudziło S., Durejko T., Gocman K., Zasada D., Kałdoński T.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2013

|

Vol. 62, nr 1

235-251

PL

W pracy omówiono wyniki badań porównawczych dwóch olejów perfluoropolieterowych o strukturze rozgałęzionej i dwóch olejów perfluoropolieterowych o strukturze liniowej oraz trzech cieczy jonowych alkoksymetyloimidazolwych o zróżnicowanej długości podstawników, lecz z tym samym hydrofobowym anionem bis(trifluorometylosulfonylo)imidowym. Wykonano badania właściwości reologicznych, termicznych (TG/DTA), powierzchniowo-energetycznych, tribologicznych, profilografometrycznych i mikroskopowych (SEM/EDS). Stwierdzono, że zbadane ciecze jonowe lepiej spełniały funkcję smaru w styku stal-stal niż renomowane oleje perfluoropolieterowe.

EN

The paper presents the results of comparative investigations of two perfluoropolyether oils of branching structure and two perfluoropolyether oils of linear structure as well as three alkoxymethyloimidazole ionic liquids of diversified long alkyl cation but with the same hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The investigations of rheological, thermal (TG/DTA), surface energetical, tribological, profilographometrical and microscope (SEM/EDS) properties have been carried out. It was confirmed that the tested ionic liquids better fulfil a function of grease in steel - steel contact than the tested PFPE.

13

Badania właściwości cieczy elektroreologicznych

Juda J., Madeja J., Olszak A., Kęsy Z., Kałdoński T.

Hydraulika i Pneumatyka

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2012

|

nr 2

5-8

PL

Przedstawiono wyznaczanie krzywych płynięcia produkowanych obecnie cieczy elektroreologicznych. Opisano testy wykonane na przystosowanym do tego typu badań reometrze serii Brookfield DV-III. Otrzymane charakterystyki porównano z charakterystykami cieczy uzyskanymi na reometrach innych typów.

EN

The paper presents problems of determination of the low curves for electrorheological fluids. It has been described an electrorheological fluid testing on the Brookfield DV-III rheometer adapted for such tests. The low curves of chosen electrorheological fluids were compared with the curves additionally obtained on other types of rheometers.

14

Wstępne badania właściwości smarnościowych i powierzchniowych wybranych cieczy jonowych

Kałdoński T. J., Stańczyk M., Gryglewicz Ł., Kałdoński T.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2012

|

Vol. 61, nr 1

279-297

PL

W pracy omówiono wyniki badań właściwości powierzchniowych i smarnościowych pięciu cieczy jonowych w porównaniu do wysokiej jakości oleju przekładniowego Mobilube 1SHC 75W90 oraz dwóch olejów bazowych PAOAO-6 i SN-650.

EN

In the paper, the investigation results of lubricity and surface properties for five ionic liquids, compared with the high quality gear oil Mobilube 1SHC 75W-90 and two base oils PAOAO-6 and SN-650, are discussed.

15

Structural and mechanical properties of boron nitride thin films deposited on steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition

Gocman K., Kałdoński T., Mróz W., Burdyńska S., Prokopiuk A.

Journal of KONES

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2011

|

Vol. 18, No. 1

149-156

EN

The article presents preliminary results of investigation on structure, morphology and mechanical properties of boron nitride thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on various steel substrates. In order to improve adhesion and reduce internal stresses, substrates were subjected to gas nitriding. To increase gas ionization in the chamber and provide the deposited particles with higher energy RF discharge generator was used. Structure and morphology of coatings were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanical properties like nanohardness (sclerometric) and elastic modulus (using approach curves) were characterized by UNMT. Adhesion of coatings was measured by scratch tests; critical load was determined on the basis of microscopic observation and friction force and acoustic emission runs. On the basis of obtained results, possibility of using steel as substrate for BN thin films deposition was confirmed. Stable, crystalline, multiphase coatings with good adhesion to the steel substrate were obtained. It was also proved that mechanical properties of prepared coatings and their adhesion to the substrates strongly depend on the type of the substrate. In the next stage tribological properties of BN, coatings will be examined in particular in terms of wear resistance and friction coefficient between coatings and steel.

16

Liquid lubricants for space engineering and methods for their testing

Kałdoński T., Wojdyna P. P.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 1

163-184

EN

This paper presents the analysis of the world source letters [1-60] about liquid lubricants for lubrication of the tribological nodes in space engineering for instance: mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, silicones, perfluoropolyethers (PEPEs), ionic liquids, silicic hydrocarbons. Requirements for liquid lubricants in space applications and research methods for their testing are characterized, among others: four-ball vacuum apparatus and pin-on-disk friction tester for tests in vacuum. The development trends of liquid lubricants for space applications are described, too, e.g. direction of development of lubricant substances, development of lubricating substances research and lubrication technologies for space engineering in the future (lubrication systems in inert atmosphere, mist lubrication, lubrication with fine grade powder, deposition of liquid lubricant vapours, gas bearings, magnetic bearings. The existing research methods are imperfect. Till now it is impossible to simulate many factors occurring in space (eg. State of weightlessness, the atmosphere containing the atom oxygen). It is hard to determine precisely (predict) the tribological node wear. There fore the research works on improvement of the existing test stations and analytical, methods and creation of new methods of tests and analysis are necessary.

17

Investigations on lubricity and surface properties of selected perfluoropolyether oils

Kałdoński T. J., Gryglewicz Ł., Stańczyk M., Kałdoński T.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 1

199-212

EN

In the paper the investigative results of lubricity and surface properties for four synthetic perfluoropolyether (PFPE) oils, comparing with the high quality gear oil Mobilube 1SHC 75W-90 and two base oils PAO-6 and SN-650, are discussed. The goal of the research was to identify anti-wear and anti-seizing properties of PFPE oils correlation with their surface-energetic and viscosity-temperature properties. Modern test equipment was used for perfomed research. The following apparatuses were used: KSV Sigma 701 and KSV CAM 100 made in Finland, AMVn Anton Paar made in Austria, and T-02 four-ball apparatus made in Poland. Measurement of density, surface tension and wetting angle were done with the use of KSV Sigma 701 apparatus, according to its instruction manual. The static wetting angle on the real surface of a steel plate was determined with the use of KSV CAM 100 apparatus. The dynamic viscosity of the tested compounds was determined with the use of AMVn microviscometer. The tests of the lubricity properties of the synthetic oils and comparative liquids were perfomed with the use T-02 four-ball tester. The investigative results showed that PFPE oils can be used particularly in hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic lubrication.

18

Initial studies on lubricity and surface properties of selected ionic liquids

Kałdoński T. J., Stańczyk M., Gryglewicz Ł., Kałdoński T.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 1

213-226

EN

The paper discusses the results of the studies on the surface properties and lubricating abilities of five ionic liquids compared to a high quality gear oil: Mobilube 1SHC 75W90 and two base oils: PAO-6 and SN-650. The investigated ionic liquids were: 1) tetrafluoroborate 1- benzyl-3-methylmidazolium, 2) bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide 3-methyl-1- propylpyridinium, 3) bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 4) bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide trihexyltetradecylphosphonium), 5) tetrafluoroborate trihexyltetradecylphosphonium. The density, surface tension and wetting angle as well as dynamic and kinematic viscosity were measured. Next, the lubricity properties were evaluated using the four-ball tester. The research results showed the more better lubricity properties of ionic liquids than the base oils. The research results showed the more better lubricity properties of ionic liquids than the base oils. The ionic liquids had the comparable properties to a high quality gear oil. Obtained results of these preliminary studies confirmed a possibility of using selected ionic liquids as new lubricants. These compounds can probably replace the lubricants used so far and find a wide scope of application in lubrication technology in the future. However, particular implementations require further complex studies.

19

Influence of lubricated sliding couple structural material type on generated potential difference value

Cypko E., Kałdoński T.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 1

103-108

EN

In earlier investigations it found that in lubricated sliding couples is generated electrical potential difference (GPD). The sensitivity of this tribological index and information quantity contained in it far exceeds than previously used (classical) indicators, like coefficient of friction or temperature. Previous investigations do not allow to draw generalizing conclusions, how the force of the tribological parameters affect the GPD signal value. Selected materials of samples and counter-sample were grouped in pairs, forming various combinations I - the same name materials couple, in which the sample and counter-sample were made of the same material; II - the various name materials couple, in change places pairs, in which the two different materials interchangeably in one case are the samples and the second - counter-samples; III - the various name materials couple, in change places pairs, in which the sample from one material was mated with counter-samples from different materials. The testing materials were selected associations represented by a series of metal lying in the Volta electropotential (galvanic) series, both relatively close to each other, as well as a considerable distance and some of the same metal alloys. In presented investigations it was state that there was no clear relationship between the recorded GPD signal effective potential value and the values of the electropotential (galvanic) series. The GPD signal value is individual feature of the each couple and depends on the type of construction materials each pairs of elements forming the each couple. The GPD signal value is lower for the same name materials couple, in which the sample and counter-sample were made of the same material, than for various materials couple. It was found that in the various name materials couple, in which the two different materials interchangeably in one case are the samples and the second - counter-samples, GPD signal value is different.

20

Almost 60 years of tribology at the faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology

Kałdoński T.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 1

185-198

EN

The beginnings and development of tribology at Military University of Technology are discussed in this paper. The origins of tribology in Poland and at the Military University of Technology are described. The surnames of people, who were present at the birth of this field of science, who were creators of tribology in Poland and who were precursors of teaching students of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, MUT, the basics of tribology, are mentioned. The development of science and education at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering is characterized. The development of the range and standard of science research at the Department of Tribology, Surface Engineering and Service Fluids Logistics, which is possible thanks to the modern testing equipment bought in the last ten years, is presented. There are e.g. UNMT research set (Universal Nano-Micro Tester) made by CETR (USA) for characterizing mechanical and tribological properties of body surfaces; T-02 four-ball tester, KSV 701 tensiometeter for evaluation of the surface – energy properties of liquid, FTIR spectrofotometer with IR microscope, stand for the laser spreading of oil microcontainers, automatic set for testing low temperature properties of oils, NIKON research microscope with a set for image analysis, and others.