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Monitoring the impact of drought and land use on the water dynamics of Lake Abkhane in the Middle Atlas of Morocco

El Houssaine Bahouar, Loubna Mrabet, Loukili Abdechahid, El Hassan Abba

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 3

42--53

In recent years, Morocco persistent drought and changing land use practices have significantly impacted the nation wetlands, particularly affecting water resource availability. This research aims to elucidate the effects of climate change and human activities Lake Abkhane. Using open-source hydrological modeling tools, the study calculates drought metrics such the Standardized Precipitation Index, Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index, and Palmer Drought Severity Index. It also involves cartographic representation of land use and continuous monitoring of Lake Abkhane surface area from 2015 to 2023 using Sentinel-2 Level 1C imagery. Findings reveal significant annual precipitation variability, with peaks in 2006, 2010, and 2018, followed by a notable decline post-2018. The dynamics and regeneration potential of the lake’s waters have been significantly impacted by the combination of drought (p = 0.000639 < 0.05) and land use change in the surrounding area. This study emphasizes how urgently water management authorities must address how human activity and drought are negatively affecting this vital wetland ecosystem.