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1 Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

1 2023

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Bezpieczeństwo robót strzałowych-część III

Rawicki Zbigniew, Chowaniec Aleksander, Sołtysiak Tomasz, Mertuszka Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

2023

nr 2

2--8

Based on the data presented in the article, it can be concluded that in 2021 over 46*106 kg of blasting agents were used, of which over 25*106 kg were used in open pits. Mines have increasingly been using emulsion explosives, the main advantage of which is the shortened time of blastholes charging. In 2012 emulsion explosives accounted for 53% of the total demand in Poland while in 2021 for over 84% of the total consumption. Noticeable changes can also be seen in the initiation systems. Moving away from the traditional electric detonators can be primarily seen in copper mines and open-pit mines. In 2021, over 9.85*106 detonators were used, of which 80% were non-electric detonators, while electronic detonators still account for only a small percentage of consumption. It is related to the costs of purchasing and the replacement of blasting equipment dedicated to this type of initiation systems. Despite the use of more and more modern equipment and blasting agents, the risk associated with work in the mining industry has not been eliminated. Between 1990 and 2021, out of 93 accidents related to blasting operations, the majority, i.e. 86%, took place in underground mines. In the period of transformation and mines decommissioning, as well as leaving of experienced staff, combined with insufficient training of new employees, the so-called generation gap may be observed. This also applies to people who have access to explosives. Risky behavior of employees is still the most common cause of incidents. The consequences of improper handling of blasting agents are usually tragic. The events quoted above indicate that errors made by employees most often lead to fatal accidents.

W artykule dokonano analizy środków strzałowych stosowanych w zakładach górniczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem materiałów wybuchowych emulsyjnych. Zwrócono uwagę na badanie materiałów wybuchowych wytwarzanych in-situ przez urządzenia mieszalniczo-załadowcze. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę zdarzeń związanych ze stosowaniem środków strzałowych w ruchu podziemnego zakładu górniczego.