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2 2025

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Safety and protection of the rights of people on the autism spectrum in the context of social attitudes

Świecarz Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

2025

Nr 94 (tom 2)

137--153

Disability, regardless of its type and degree, significantly affects an individual’s life situation and relationship with the society. A key determinant of these relations is social attitudes, which are often based on stereotypes and prejudices. This article examines mechanisms of the formation of such attitudes and their consequences for the safety and protection of the rights of people on the autism spectrum. It focuses in particular on cases of discrimination, violence and exclusion and the effectiveness of existing legal regulations. Also relevant to the analysis is the importance of public education and its role in breaking down negative thought patterns, as well as the impact of cognitive dissonance theory on reducing prejudice. The article is based on a review of empirical research on social attitudes toward people with ASD, an analysis of legal acts and available reports on the situation of autistic people in Poland and in Europe. The main social and legal barriers limiting their participation in education, the labour market and public space are also indicated. The conclusion emphasizes the need for systemic changes with respect to legal protection and activities aimed at shaping positive social attitudes towards people with disabilities.

Cyber threats to children and adolescents – role of family in ensuring digital safety

Świecarz Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

2025

Nr 95 (tom 2)

93--104

This article addresses the issue of cyber threats to children and adolescents in the context of their everyday online activity. It explores the phenomenon and the most common forms of risk, such as harmful online content, cyberbullying, exposure to pornography, sexting, and emotional manipulation. Special attention is given to the role of the family in safeguarding the digital safety of young users. Referring to B. Harwas-Napierała’s concept of parental competence, the importance of parental engagement, communication and trust-based relationships is emphasised. The empirical section presents the results of a study conducted among high school students regarding their experiences with online threats and their perception of parental attitudes and protective strategies. The findings indicate a significant correlation between parental behaviours and children’s sense of digital safety and highlight the need to support families in the process of digital education.