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1 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

1 2018

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Composite material components damaged by impact loading: a methodology for the assessment of their residual elastic properties

Belingardi G., Cavatorta M. P., Paolino D. S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2018

Vol. 87, nr 1

18--24

Purpose: Detection and evaluation of damage due to impact or fatigue loading in components made by composite materials is one of the main concern for automotive engineers. We focus on damage due to impact loading on long fibre, plastic matrix composite, as they represent one of the most interesting development solution for automotive components toward lightweight structure that in turn means reduction of fuel consumption and of Green House Gas emissions. Design/methodology/approach: An innovative simplified methodology is proposed, based on the impact and repeated impact behaviour of composite material, for the evaluation of the induced damage and of material residual elastic properties. The investigated composite laminate is made of eight twill-wave carbon fabrics impregnated with epoxy resin. The methodology consists of two phases: at first the identification of the impact response. Composite plates have been impacted at different energy levels and residual elastic properties measured through standard tensile tests. The relationship between impact energy and residual elastic properties is obtained. Then the exploration impact load is identified, large enough to give a well-defined picture of the suffered damage but soft enough to do not induce further damage in the composite laminate. Findings: This exploration impact test and the Damage Index (DI) value, as interpretation key, leads to a prediction of the local residual elastic properties in the damaged area. The proposed methodology has been validated on plate specimens. A strict correlation is found between the predicted and the actual residual elastic properties of the damaged composite plate. Practical implications: Subsequently it has been applied to a composite beam, with a omega shape transverse section, that can be considered as a demonstrator for a typical beam used in the car body frame. Originality/value: A selection on the following alternatives will be possible: a – don’t care the damage is not affecting the structure performance; b – repair is needed but will be sufficient; c – substitute the damaged component as soon as possible.