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1

Numerical analysis of slots influence on wing in ground effect airfoil lift coefficient

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 70, No. 4

45--52

EN

The main purpose of this article was to study slots application influence on airfoil which flies in the wing in ground and description of the boundary layer with lift and drag coefficients change. The paper presents wing in ground effect creation mechanism description with automotive and aerospace examples. NACA M8 airfoil with full simulation results for angles of attack from 0° to 15°, with profile characteristics. Application of slots makes the wing in ground effect more efficient by lift coefficient rise and drop of drag coefficient. Slots prevent of boundary layer detachment and allow to fly with higher angles of attack without a stall.

PL

Głównym celem powstania tego artykułu było zbadanie wpływu użycia slotów na siłę nośną profilu lotniczego operującego w obszarze działania efektu przypowierzchniowego oraz zbadanie zmian w obszarze warstwy przyściennej, oraz siły nośnej i siły oporu aerodynamicznego profilu NACA M8, dla kątów natarcia od 0° do 15°. W artykule przedstawiono również przykłady użycia efektu przypowierzchniowego w lotnictwie i motoryzacji. Przedstawiono charakterystyki profilu NACA M8 dla badanych warunków. Zastosowanie slotów prowadzi do zwiększenia wpływu efektu przypowierzchniowego na siłę nośną profilu lotniczego przez zmniejszenie oporu aerodynamicznego oraz przez skierowanie oderwanej warstwy przyściennej ponownie na powierzchnie profilu, co pozwala na lot z większymi kątami natarcia.

2

Modern combat aircraft data acquisition systems

Rojewski A., Zadencki R., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 70, No. 2

43--52

EN

The article presents systems which record parameters of flight in modern aircraft F-16, which was delivered to Polish Airforce in 2006. These systems are responsible for the flight safety. Systems records basics parameters of plane and engine, as specific fuel consumption or height of flight, also provides video and audio recording, and aerial combat assistance. These systems record even failures of a braking system during landing. Thanks to modern technology, and devices like those described in this article, F-16 is one of the best fighters in the world.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono systemy rejestrujące parametry lotu w nowoczesnych samolotach F-16, które zostały dostarczone do polskich Sił Powietrznych w 2006 roku. Systemy te są odpowiedzialne za bezpieczeństwo lotów. System rejestruje podstawowe parametry samolotu i silnika, są to np. zużycie paliwa lub wysokość lotu. Systemy te zapewniają również nagrywanie wideo i dźwięku oraz zapewniają pilotowi wsparcie podczas walki powietrznej. Użyte w F-16 systemy rejestracji i przechowania danych są zdolne rejestrować nawet awarie układu hamulcowego podczas lądowania. Dzięki nowoczesnej technologii i urządzeniom opisanym w niniejszym artykule, F-16 jest jednym z najlepszych najlepszych samolotów bojowych na świecie.

3

Jet aircraft data acquisition systems

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 1

333--338

EN

The article presents systems, which record parameters of flight in modern aircraft F-16, which was delivered to Polish Airforce in 2006. With the current level of technical development of the aviation industry, data acquisition systems are an important element of all aircrafts. These systems are responsible for the flight safety, allow reading and storing the most important flight parameters, and combined with digital control and safety systems allow to counteract dangerous situations, which especially can happen often in the case of military aircraft such as the F-16 due to their combat purpose. Systems records basics parameters of plane and engine, as specific fuel consumption or height of flight provides video and audio recording, and aerial combat assistance. These systems record even failures of a braking system during landing. Thanks to modern technology, and devices like those described in this article, F-16 is one of the best fighters in the world. The amount of data provided by analogue and digital sensors is so large that it requires the partitioning of parameters and use of several basic recorders of the entire system is the unit called DAU, or Data Acquisition Unit, which records the most important flight parameters, such as flight time, engine speed, or altitude.

4

Diagnostics and analysis of jet engine malfunctions

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 2

313--318

EN

The article describes emergency situations occurring in the propulsion system of an aircraft with the jet engine used in Poland on planes such as MiG-29 or F-16. The article also presents statistics of polish aircrafts damage over the years. Due to the technological progress of turbine engines used in fighter aircraft, the authors decided to discuss the issue of monitoring emergency states in this study. In particular, efforts have been made to ensure that damage to the aircraft engine can be prevented by monitoring its operation with the equipment available on the aircraft. Counteracting phenomena that occur in the jet engine can lead to permanent damage; can lead to an increase in the safety of the pilot and the local population, but also to a reduction of costs. The authors also decided to se the threats that occur during take-off and landing, and the flight when they land outside the plane. Jet engines are almost reliable and most common cause of engine damages as the analysis shows are foreign bodies, particularly dangerous for a turbine engine on or near the runway, as well as birds, which provides to mechanical damage of engine. Securing the airport against foreign objects on the runway is one of the most important tasks of ground staff.

5

Analysis of hazards occurring during the use of hydrazine

Janeba-Bartoszewicz E., Rojewski A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

149--154

EN

The article presents the safety issue bonded to the Polish Air Force F-16 multirole aircraft. The authors pointed out the issue of fuel used for emergency supply system of these aircrafts. The article emphasized the fact that these aircrafts require special fuel with designation H-70, which is 70% aqueous solution of toxic hydrazine. For this reason, the rescue services of Polish Air Force bases where Polish F-16 are stationed had to be adjusted accordingly. Just as importantly, authors noticed that in the event of an emergency landing of this aircraft at different airports could receive difficulties associated with the possible leakage of hydrazine, or its neutralization in the absence of specialized Hydrazine Response Team, which are part of the Airport Rescue Group. After the introduction of new aircraft for use in the Polish Air Force (in this case F-16 multirole aircraft), it is necessary to analyse the safety of their use in the context of potential places on which they can land. This is related, among others, to the safety of managing liquid fuels. In the case of F-16 aircraft, one must bear in mind besides the F-34 fuel, also hydrazine (H- 70). The article presents a functional diagram of EPU system of emergency power supply EPS of F-16 multirole aircraft.

6

Risk of hydrazine usage at civil airports

Janeba-Bartoszewicz E., Kiciński M., Rojewski A.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 69, No. 2

13--22

EN

The article presents the safety issue bonded to the Polish Air Force aircrafts, which uses for emergency supply special fuel called hydrazine, which is 70% aqueous solution of toxic hydrazine with designation H-70. For this reason, the rescue services of Polish Air Force bases where this types of aircraft are stationed had to be adjusted accordingly. Just as importantly authors noticed that in the event of an emergency landing of this aircraft at different airports can receive difficulties associated with the possible leakage of hydrazine, or its neutralization in the absence of specialized Hydrazine Response Team, which are part of the Aircraft rescue and firefighting.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie bezpieczeństwa związanego z eksploatowaniem w Siłach Powietrznych RP samolotów wykorzystujących jako paliwo do systemu awaryjnego wodnego roztworu hydrazyny o oznaczeniu H-70. Z tego też względu służby ratownicze polskich baz lotnictwa wojskowego, w których stacjonują samoloty korzystające z hydrazyny, musiały zostać odpowiednio dostosowane. Zwrócono uwagę, że w przypadku wystąpienia konieczności awaryjnego lądowania takiego statku powietrznego na innych lotniskach mogą pojawić się trudności związane z ewentualnym wyciekiem hydrazyny czy jej neutralizacji z uwagi na brak wyspecjalizowanych zespołów HRT, będących częścią Grupy Ratownictwa Lotniskowego.

7

Numerical analysis of influence of the wing in ground effect on aircraft lift coefficient and on car downforce coefficient

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of Mechanical and Transport Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 69, No. 2

47--55

EN

The paper presents the mechanism of the wing in ground effect formation, also shows the structure of wing in ground craft, and race car, which uses wing in ground effect. Results of numerical analysis are as expected, which means, the lift coefficient is higher for positive angles of attack, and lower for negative angles of attack. The paper details also characteristics of lift and drag coefficients in the angle of attack function. The numerical research was conduct in Ansys Fluent 15.0 academic license.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zjawisko efektu przypowierzchniowego i powód jego powstawania. W pracy ujęto również opis konstrukcji samolotu korzystającego z efektu przypowierzchniowego jak i samochodu wyścigowego. Wyniki analizy numerycznej, tak jak przypuszczano, ukazały działanie efektu przypowierzchniowego zwiększającego współczynnik siły nośnej dla kątów natarcia większych od zera stopni oraz działanie odwrotne dla ujemnych kątów natarcia. Praca zawiera również charakterystyki przebiegu współczynnika siły nośnej i siły oporu w funkcji kąta natarcia dla badanego profilu. Analiza numeryczna została przeprowadzona w programie Ansys Fluent 15.0 academic license.

8

Flaps influence on wing in ground effect lift coefficient

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 2

211--216

EN

The main purpose of this article was to study flaps application influence on airfoil, which flies in the wing in ground effect with lift, and drag coefficients changes. Wing in ground effect occurs in the direct proximity of ground, it makes lift coefficient higher than in free stream flight, also decreases drag coefficient. WIG effect craft can be an alternative for traditional aircraft, but also for marine transportation. The article presents wing in ground effect creation mechanism description with height coefficient explanation, also presents experimental analysis of lift coefficient with reference to height coefficient. Airfoil with flaps simulation and for free stream flight. Application of flaps makes the wing in ground effect more efficient by lift coefficient rise, what provides also to drag coefficient rise. Flaps provide to absolute pressure rise under the airfoil. It allows to fly slower without lift force change or to make aircraft start shorter without risk of stall. The article shows also conditions and results of Ansys Fluent software simulation for NACA M8 airfoil for angles of attack equal to: 0°, 6°, 10° for three different cases: free stream flight, wing in ground flight with the clear wing, wing in ground flight with flaps, and conditions of analysis convergence.

9

Airfoil selection for wing in ground effect craft

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

265--269

EN

The main purpose of this article was to select airfoil, which generates the biggest lift coefficient, with possibly smallest drag coefficient when the airfoil flies in the wing in ground effect. Wing in ground effect occurs in the direct proximity of ground, the article presents wing in ground effect creation mechanism description with automotive and aerospace examples. The article shows also wing in ground conditions of Ansys Fluent software simulation for all cases with conditions of analysis convergence. The article contains results of the numerical analysis for ten airfoils in three different positive angles of attack in the wing in ground flight; ten airfoils for free stream flight in the same angles of attack as in wing in ground effect, results contains lift and drag coefficients with NACA M8 airfoil presentation as authors choice for wing in ground effect crafts airfoil with full simulation results for angles of attack from –5° to 15°, with profile characteristics. The article shows physics of stall in the wing in ground effect, and a description why stall in WIG effect flight occurs only with drag coefficient rise without lift coefficient drop, and safety measures for aircraft landing with wing in ground effect influence.

10

Usage of wing in ground effect to maintain lift force with reduced fuel consumption of aircraft

Rojewski A., Bartoszewicz J.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 2

158--161

EN

The main purpose of this article was to point out causes of reduced fuel consumption in aircraft jet engine when aircraft is in ground effect influence. Wing in ground effect occurs in the direct proximity of ground. The paper presents wing in ground effect description, with the numerical analysis of NACA M8 airfoil in three different conditions of flight. Numerical analysis was conduct in Ansys Fluent 17.2 software. The paper shows results of simulations which describes wing in ground effect influence on NACA M8 airfoil with two cases of jet engine exhaust gasses usage, first with exhaust gasses stream turns on upper airfoil surface, and second with exhaust gasses stream turns under lower airfoil surface. Results allow to define characteristics of NACA M8 airfoil in the influence of wing in ground effect which are lift coefficient, drag coefficient, drop of fuel consumption usage by the jet engine when lift force remains still in the wing in ground effect. The paper shows that in the wing in ground effect aircraft energy usage for flight in ground effect is smaller than for free air flight.

11

Systemy rejestracji danych współczesnego statku powietrznego

Rojewski A., Zadencki R., Bartoszewicz J.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

387--390, CD

PL

W artykule omówiono systemy rejestrujące parametry lotu i pracy samolotu F-16, który od 2006 roku znajduje się na wyposażeniu Wojskowego Lotnictwa Polskiego. Systemy te odpowiadają za bezpieczeństwo lotu płatowca i pilota, od rejestracji podstawowych parametrów pracy takich jak jednostkowe zużycie paliwa, przez rejestracje obrazu i wspomaganie walki powietrznej, aż po rejestracje parametrów hamowania podczas lądowania płatowca. Dzięki nowoczesnej technologii, m.in. dzięki opisanym w tym artykule urządzaniach, samolot F-16 jest uznawany za jeden z najlepszych samolotów bojowych świata.

EN

The article presents systems which record parameters of flight in modern aircraft F-16, which was delivered to Polish Airforce in 2006. These systems are responsible for the flight safety. Systems records basics parameters of plane and engine, as specific fuel consumption or height of flight, also provides video and audio recording, and aerial combat assistance. These systems record even failures of a braking system during landing. Thanks to modern technology, and devices like those described in this article, F-16 is one of the best fighters in the world.

12

Metodyka badań zmian zawartości karotenoidów występujących w produktach spożywczych podczas ich transportu i magazynowania

Janeba-Bartoszewicz E., Idaszewska N., Rojewski A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

548--552, CD

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę badań zawartości karetonoidów, których ilość zmienia się w trakcie transportu i przechowywania warzyw i owoców. W odniesieniu do tych związków, zaproponowano etapy badań w celu ich wyizolowania i identyfikacji. Pozwoli to na zaprojektowanie procedur zmierzających do poprawy sprawności transportu masowego produktów spożywczych z punktu widzenia minimalizacji strat w okresie transportu.

EN

This paper presents the methodology of studies the content of carotenoids, which changes during the transport and storage of fruits and vegetables. For these compounds, proposed stages of research to their isolation and identification. This will allow you to develop procedures to improve the efficiency of the mass transport of food products from the point of view of minimizing losses during transport.

13

A discrete-time sine wave delay estimator

Hermanowicz E., Rojewski A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2010

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Vol. 51, nr 3

38-41

EN

In the paper a novel open-loop solution of a sine wave sub sample time delay estimator operating in the discrete-time domain is presented. The proposed solution is based on a concept of Hilbert transforming the reference signal in order to estimate the phase difference relative to the received noised signal whose initial phase and delay are unknown. The engineered estimator works well around the normalized centre frequency equal to 0.25 of sampling rate typical of some communication applications, with SNR (signal to noise ratio) higher than 15 dB. It allows for some slight detuning of the received signal from the above mentioned centre frequency. The performance of the time delay estimator is analysed and illustrated by the results of its operation in presence of noise.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe rozwiązanie dyskretno-czasowego estymatora opóźnienia międzypróbkowego sinusoidy, działającego z otwartą pętlą sprzężenia zwrotnego. Proponowane rozwiązanie wykorzystuje koncepcję przekształcenia Hilberta sygnału odniesienia w celu estymacji różnicy faz względem zaszumionego sygnału odebranego o nieznanej fazie początkowej i nieznanym opóźnieniu. Estymator ten jest przeznaczony do pracy z sygnałem o znormalizowanej częstotliwości środkowej równej jednej czwartej częstotliwości próbkowania - typowej dla zastosowań telekomunikacyjnych, ze stosunkiem mocy sygnału do szumu (SNR) większym od 15dB. Pozwala on na niewielkie odstrojenie sygnału odebranego od tej częstotliwości. Zamieszczono analizę charakterystyk i właściwości proponowanego estymatora opóźnienia i zilustrowano wynikami eksperymentów w obecności szumu.