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Perowskity : przyszłość technologii fotowoltaicznej

Czajka Justyna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2024

[Z] 78, 11-12

1585--1605

The rapid technological development necessitates the creation of increasingly new and more efficient solutions in photovoltaics, where the concept of perovskite solar cells is playing an ever-growing role. Perovskites, as an extensive and diverse group of chemical compounds characterized by a specific ABX3 crystal structure, exhibit exceptional electrical and optical properties, making them one of the most attractive groups for applications in modern photovoltaics. The following review article illustrates how the understanding of perovskite solar cells has evolved over the past decade. It emphasizes the significant role that scientists worldwide have played in addressing various challenges, such as the stability and durability of perovskites under harsh conditions. The research findings also highlight the importance of designing new perovskite compositions that exhibit increased stability and lower degradation rates. Scientists are also exploring innovative encapsulation techniques to protect the perovskite layers from environmental factors, which is crucial for ensuring their long-term performance. As a result of their research, there has been an improvement in the efficiency of solar energy conversion in modern cells, enabling them to compete with conventional silicon technologies, while the potential of tandem solutions presents new opportunities for their development.

Dysproz : pierwiastek ziem rzadkich o wysokim potencjale aplikacyjnym

Czajka Justyna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2024

[Z] 78, 11-12

1565--1584

The modern world is based on dynamically evolving technologies, in which rare earth elements play a significant role. This group of seventeen chemical elements, due to their unique chemical and physical properties, is crucial for the development of the most advanced industrial sectors. Rare earth metals, also known as rare earth elements (REE), have gained the status of strategic resources in the last two decades. Despite their small market share compared to other mining and metallurgy products, they are considered critical resources both in the European Union and in the United States. From the wide range of rare earth elements and the numerous advantages they bring, this work focuses on dysprosium. Starting with its historical background, presenting its chemical and physical properties, and ending with a review of the latest scientific articles. In recent years, understanding and characterizing the spectroscopic properties of dysprosium ions has become a subject of research for many groups of scientists worldwide. There has been a growing trend of interest in this rare earth element, as evidenced by literature reports in prestigious international journals. Dy3+ ions are often used as dopants in the production of modern inorganic phosphors, which are chemical compounds that emit light upon excited. This work will show the significant importance of using dysprosium-ion-doped phosphors, glasses, or quantum dots in many areas of science and industry. It emphasizes the crucial role dysprosium has played in the development of electroluminescent diodes, solar cells, sensors, optoelectronic devices, as well as in biomedicine, forensics and anti-counterfeiting applications.