Optical pressure sensors, namely luminescent manometers, offer new possibilities for studying and monitoring changes in the physicochemical properties of materials under extreme conditions in a remote and non-invasive manner. This can be achieved through the monitoring and analysis of selected spectroscopic parameters, such as band intensity ratios, emission line shifts, or luminescent lifetimes. However, a limitation for optical readings usually arises from the quenching of the luminescent signal in the given material, i.e., in the active part of the sensor under elevated pressure conditions. In this article, new strategies for the development of advanced and ultra-sensitive luminescent pressure sensors, mainly based on inorganic materials doped with lanthanide or d-block metal ions, will be presented and analyzed. Factors influencing the enhancement of luminescent signal intensity and sensor sensitivity will be discussed. These objectives can be achieved through the appropriate selection of the soft host matrices (of high compressibility), doping with various lanthanide and d-block metal ions, using interionic energy transfer, pressure-driven configurational crossover, as well as the use of materials exhibiting both photo- and mechanoluminescence phenomena. Finally, the development of bi-functional pressure and temperature sensors operating under extreme conditions will also be discussed.
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