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Effect of heat input on distortion and morphology of tungsten inert gas welded joints in AISI 304L stainless steel

Szewczyk Anna, Jarska Roksan, Rogalski Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2025

Vol. 19, no. 9

92--104

Due to the physicochemical properties of austenitic stainless steels, their welding may result in significant joint distortions and adverse microstructural changes, leading to the formation of unacceptable welding imperfections. This study investigates three single-pass fillet welding techniques employing the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) process (141) for joining AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel sheets. It was found that the use of lower heat input value does not cause discoloration of the weld. Moreover, it was observed that reducing the parameters causes the vertical sheet metal to deflect by about 0.333° in the direction opposite to the weld. The highest heat input value caused a deflection of 4.833° towards the weld. Increasing the parameters also deflected the incoming sheet metal towards the weld, but the angle was smaller i.e. 2.167°. An inadequate ferrite content was observed in the specimen welded under the lowest parameter settings. Macroscopic examination revealed no significant welding imperfections. Microscopic analysis showed a microstructure characteristic of the materials used. The width of the heat-affected zone varied with the applied parameters, increasing with higher heat input. The study demonstrated that parameter selection significantly influences the properties of the resulting joint. In developing the welding procedure for AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel, particular emphasis should be placed on controlling heat input, as it is the primary factor determining both the joint properties and the magnitude of welding distortions.