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Przydatność pomiarów georadarowych i analiz geomorfometrycznych do rozpoznania wewnętrznej struktury płytkich osuwisk : na przykładzie góry Średniak w Masywie Śnieżnika, Sudety Wschodnie

Makoś M., Sobczyk A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2018

Vol. 66, nr 10

636--647

The paper reviews an application of non-destructive electromagnetic imaging of shallow bedrock and landslide colluvium horizons performed with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technique on mass movement-affected mountain slope. We used a non-shielded 52 MHz GPR equipment to study an area of a shallow translational landslide, which developed on steeply inclined gneissic bedrock on Mt. Sredniak slopes (1210 m a.s.l.) in the Śnieżnik Massif. This landslide originated at the boundary zone between intact bedrock comprising Proterozoic gneisses and uppermost slope cover, as a result of continuous rainfall during July of 2011. Furthermore, to better understand and examine a landslide area on Mt. Sredniak slopes we also applied structural geological and geomorphological methods. The GPR analyses resulted in high-resolution imaging of internal slope structure and gravitational deposit architecture in the range of 0.5-5 m below surface level. Electromagnetic sounding performed directly above the landslide source area elucidated a set of bedrock discontinuities with a possible direct impact on water aggregation and migration during the rainfall episodes. Furthermore, a GPR profile performed in a landslide toe area, showed subsurface reflection horizons to be correlated with a colluvium/bedrock transitional zone and internal heterogeneous architecture of colluvial deposits. Ground-penetrating radar proved to be both powerful and an easy-maintained 'on-site' method for steep mountain slope analysis, with a potential for high-resolution imaging of shallow-seated gravitational slope deformations.

New insights into the glacial history of southwestern Poland based on large-scale glaciotectonic deformations : a case study from the Czaple II Gravel Pit (Western Sudetes)

Kowalski A., Makoś M., Pitura M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2018

Vol. 88, No. 4

341--359

This paper presents the results of structural and sedimentological studies carried out in the outcrops of Quaternary (Middle Pleistocene) deposits near the village of Czaple in Lower Silesia, Western Sudetes. Fluvial sands, gravels and glacial tills traditionally assigned to the Middle Polish Pleistocene Glaciations (Odranian Glaciation) crop out in the active gravel pit Czaple II. In these deposits, the authors have recognised and documented numerous mesoscale glaciotectonic deformation structures that were previously undescribed from the mountainous part of the Sudetes. These structures represent effects of sediment deformation in both proglacial and subglacial settings, and include such features as asymmetrical and disharmonic folds, thrusts, steeply inclined reverse faults, normal faults and conjugate sets of fractures. Based on the orientation of kinematic indicators associated with the faults and fracture planes (slickensides, hackles, grooves, R-shears) within the fine-grained sediments and in sands and gravels, an S- and SE-directed horizontal compression due to ice-sheet advance is postulated. This direction is consistent with some relevant other data from the Sudetes, indicating that the Odranian ice sheet advanced into the area of the Sudetes from the north, north-east and north-west.