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Impact of climate change on vegetation period of basic species of vegetables in Slovakia

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Kišš Vladimír, Toková Lucia

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 47

38--46

EN

The aim of the paper is to provide climatic data from the basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state and in terms of trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. Climate change affect agriculture and its procedures. Changes in vegetation period in Slovakia of selected vegetables are presented in this study. We used for agro-climatic analysis one hundred climatological stations, which were selected to cover all agricultural regions up to 800 m a.s.l. Actual data and predictions were compared with time period 1961–2010. Due to homogeneity in data measurements, was chosen this period. We obtained climate trends and assumed map outputs of future climate changes by mathematical-statistical methods for horizons of years 2011–2020, 2041–2050, 2071–2080 and 2091–2100. We analysed vegetation period changes of selected fruit vegetables, Brassica vegetables and root vegetable in field conditions with prediction to year 2100. In our results is shown the earlier beginning of vegetation period in a spring and later end in an autumn in last 30 years. The vegetation period is getting longer about 15–20 days for Capsicum annuum; 15–20 days for Brassica oleracea var. capitate; 10–15 days for Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris with comparation of nowadays situation and period 2091–2100.

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Change in Temperature Conditions of Slovakia to the Reference Period 1961-2010 and their Expected Changes to Time Horizons Years 2035, 2050, 2075 and 2100 under the Conditions of Changing Climate

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Novotná Beáta, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Toková Lucia, Kišš Vladimír, Kotuš Tatijana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

232--240

EN

The purpose of the paper was to show cognition from the theory of climate change. The map outputs of these changes offer the climate data from basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state as well as the trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. For these agroclimatic analyses, 100 climatic stations in Slovakia spread out to cover all agricultural regions, up to 800 m above sea level, have been selected. Our analyses are related to the period of years 1961–2010, when measurements and observations were the most homogeneous. The future trends and map outputs of future climate change were determined with the mathematic-statistical methods to the 2035, 2050, 2075and 2100-year horizons. This study presents the impact of the climate change on the temperature conditions in Slovakia. The temperature changes (average, maximum and minimum temperature) were analysed with forecasts up to year 2100. The forecasts for the 2100-year horizon indicate increasing of the average annual temperature on average by about 2.0°C, maximum temperature on average by about 2.0°C and minimum temperature on average by about 2.5–3°C in comparison to the present.

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Introduction to Precipitation Runoff Process and Soil Erosion Risk Analysis in a Specific Area of Interest to Design Control Measures

Aydin Elena, Antal Jaroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

44--50

EN

The knowledge on the spatial variability and hydrological behaviour of contributing areas to specific outlet is a fundamental input for developing appropriate water resource planning and management actions that take part in various areas of human activities. The aim of this contribution is to present the possibilities to assess the precipitation-runoff process and soil erosion risk in a specific area using the theoretical approaches with the simplest requirements for meteorological and surface runoff data. Considering the connectivity and behaviour of natural processes, the analysis of precipitation-runoff process and soil erosion risk is crucial prior to the design of technical water management practices and technical erosion control measures in the landscape. The characteristics of design rain, e.g. the intensity, annual frequency and duration can be determined using practical tools or according to the analysis of the cost and damages related to specific technical measure. The intensity of design rain can be estimated according to the long-term meteorological observations and intensity-duration-frequency curves developed using region specific equations (Dub’s formula, Urcikan’s formula). For the design of water management, conservation (especially erosion) or other measures for ecological stabilization and protection of the area, it is important in particular to determine the following characteristics of surface runoff: beginning of surface runoff, design discharge from the contributing area, the depth of the surface runoff, and the volume of surface runoff. Estimating the soil erosion risk by water erosion can be done according to the slope gradient or USLE calculation and subsequent comparison of estimated value with tolerable soil loss. Regardless of the location of specific areas, we have found that the design parameters of water management and technical erosion control practices, facilities and measures, including their localization can be determined by applying and modifying the existing theoretical and practical hydrological knowledge. We also found that this design cannot be executed without an analysis of the precipitation-runoff process and the erosion risk of this territory. In relation to the climate change and changing rainfall patterns in all regions worldwide, further studies should be conducted to specify the regional characteristics of precipitation, soil and its usage.