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Resource-Saving Measures to Improve Soil Fertility and Increase Plant Productivity Through the Use of Straw

Gamayunova Valentina, Кhonenko Lubov, Kovalenko Oleg, Baklanova Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 2

324--332

Highly productive soils in Ukraine have been losing their main quality indicators in the last decade. This is due to the violation of basic agricultural laws, particularly in the selection of agricultural crops in crop rotation, climate change, and other negative manifestations. Successful farming in the South Steppe zone of Ukraine significantly depends on moisture conditions, specifically the amount of precipitation during plant vegetation and initial moisture reserves during sowing. The first limiting factor for crop yields in arid regions is moisture. Depleted and compacted soils are unable to accumulate and retain it. Under such conditions, it is necessary to develop new approaches and implement the previously developed technological measures that would contribute to increasing the productivity of agricultural crops while preserving soil fertility. This involves enriching soils with organic matter, which structures them as well as increases their water absorption and retention capacity. In the absence of manure in the fields, it is advisable to use post-harvest residues of all crops and straw. These are the most resource-efficient and environmentally friendly measures. It has been determined that incorporating straw into the soil can increase the yield and quality of agricultural crops, as demonstrated in the cultivation of sorghum.

Current Trends in Sorghum Use, Grain Yield and Water Consumption Depending on the Hybrid Composition

Gamayunova Valentina, Honenko Lubov, Baklanova Tetiana, Pilipenko Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 6

211-220

The success of the crop production industry in the southern region of Ukraine always depended on weather and climatic factors. Among the factors of crop formation, the availability of moisture in plants occupied the first place. This dependence has been increasing in recent decades due to changes in the climatic conditions occurring not only in Ukraine, but also around the world. In this situation, it is necessary to improve the known elements of field crop cultivation technology and develop new measures to ensure the stability of the industry as well as reduce its dependence on climatic factors. This should help to obtain stable yield levels in all years, regardless of the significant deviations in temperature, precipitation and other weather factors. The solution of this issue is also becoming relevant in connection with the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, when the area of cultivation of agricultural products partially decreased. Adjustments to the development of measures also arise in connection with a significant reduction in the area of irrigated land. At the same time, it is necessary to select not only more drought-resistant crops for cultivation, but even their varieties or hybrids with a high level of productivity. After all, regardless of the specified state and a certain weakening of the economic capacity of agricultural enterprises, it is still necessary to receive the planned amount of crop production. This will determine not only the state of the agricultural sector, but also the stability of Ukraine as a whole.