Przedstawiono plan spawania wymiennika ciepła 65 kW. Przedstawiono stosowane materiały podstawowe i dodatkowe do spawania, technologię spawania oraz wymagania dla personelu spawalniczego. Omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące przygotowanie elementów do spawania, prostowania po spawaniu, badań nieniszczących oraz naprawy wadliwych złączy. Zaprezentowano zagadnienia dotyczące spawania komór przejściowych, wstępnego spawania komory spalania oraz montażu i spawania konstrukcji wymiennika.
EN
A plan of welding the 65 kW plate heat exchanger is presented in the article. Basic and filler materials used in welding, technology of welding, as well as the requirements relating to the welding personnel are shown. Issues referring to the preparation of elements to welding, straightening after welding, non-destructive testing, and reparation of faulty joints are described. Problems of welding transient chambers, initial welding of combustion chambers, and an assembly and welding the frame of the plate heat exchanger are provided.
Exploitation of oil from the reservoir initially is performed by primary methods that use natural energy reserves, that allows for partial exploitation of geological resources (30%). Further oil resources depletion requires the implementation of appropriate methods to support exploitation, secondary methods, consist mainly in the physical oil displacement and third methods, in which additional types of energy aid the process of exploitation. The use of this methods may contribute up to a twofold increase in the degree of the geological resources depletion. One way to increase the exploitation is the injection of CO2 into the oil fields (CO2-EOR). This gas interacts physically and chemically on the reservoir rocks and oil contained in them, improving the conditions of its production. The technology of CO2 injection into the reservoir allows not only to increase oil production, but also gives the possibility of storing this gas in reservoirs, which is beneficial from the viewpoint of its impact on the environment. In the article was made a comparison of the oil recovery effectiveness between waterflooding and CO2-EOR method for Jastrząbka Stara reservoir. For this purpose, were made simulations of waterflooding and injecting CO2 for selected oil reservoir on the basis of the CO2PROPHET program. We analyzed different variants of injection of water and gas, both the amount of injected media, and the method of injection (only water, only gas, change injection of gas and water). Based on the results of modeling was estimated the amount of oil possible to extract by both methods and the recovery factor of the geological resources of the selected oil reservoir.
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of thermal conversion temperature and plant material addition to sewage sludge on the PAHs content and the activity of selected γ-radionuclides in biochars, and to conduct an ecotoxicological assessment. The pyrolysis of the mixtures of sewage sludge and plant materials at 300°C and such temperature caused an increase in the contents of 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons. During the pyrolysis of organic materials at 600°C, the amount of the following compounds was reduced in biochars: benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3c,d]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene. Among γ-radioisotopes of the elements, natural radiogenic isotopes were dominant. 137Cs was the only artificial radioactive isotope. The pyrolysis of the mixtures of municipal sewage sludge and plant materials revealed that isotope 40K had the highest radioactive activity. In the case of other analysed nuclides, activities of 212Pb, 214Pb, 214Bi, and 137Cs were determined after the sample pyrolysis. The extracts from the mixtures of sewage sludge and plant materials were non-toxic to Vibrio fischeri.
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The first Polish whole-body spectrometer (WBS) with scintillation detectors was constructed in Łódź in the early sixties of the last century and was operating there for more than 30 years. In 2008, the 19th century steel shield of this instrument was transported from Łódź to Kraków, where it was re-equipped with a modern gamma spectrometric system. Design and construction of this modernized spectrometer is presented along with the results for in-body contamination measurements of four Polish inhabitants who returned to Poland from Japan after the Fukushima accident compared with the results for typical Polish inhabitants, the volunteers from the Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ, Kraków) workers. Although, a clear signal from the Fukushima fallout was noticed for three of four persons who returned from Japan, the calculated doses were negligible. No traces of Fukushima-originating radionuclides were noticed for the examined people who have not traveled to Japan.
Cosmogenic radionuclides were measured in two specimens of the Sołtmany chondrite (L6) that fell on April 30, 2011. The first fragment (154.9 g) was measured 12 days after the fall and the second piece (120 g), 53 days after the fall. Both fragments were measured by means of non-destructive gamma ray spectroscopy. The first specimen was examined with an ultra-low background high purity germanium (HPGe) detector in a deep underground laboratory. A standard low-background HPGe detector was used to examine the second fragment in a ground level laboratory. Twelve cosmogenic nuclides were detected in the activity range of 0.030 m・Bq g–1 until 1.5 m・Bq g–1 Their activities place constraints on the exposure history of the meteorite and reflect the effect of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays during the solar maximum. On the activities of expected radionuclides 60 Co (< 0.0075 m・Bq g–1) and 44 Ti (< 0.023 m・Bq g–1) only upper limits could be given. Sołtmany is part of a group of only 14 meteorites where 52 Mn (5.591 d half life) could be determined.
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The aim of the work is twofold. In order to face the problem of modeling time constraints in Promela, a timed extension of the language is presented. Next, timed Promela is translated to timed automata with discrete data, that is timed automata extended with integer variables. The translation enables verification of Promela specifications via tools accepting timed automata as input, such as VerICS or Uppaal. The translation is illustrated with a well known example of Fischer's mutual exclusion protocol. Some experimental results are also presented.
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The aim of this work is to describe the translation from Intermediate Language, one of the input formalisms of the model checking platform VerICS, to timed automata with discrete data and to compare it with the translation to classical timed automata. The paper presents syntax and semantics of both formalisms, the translation rules as well as a simple example.
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie nowego podejścia do pisania aplikacji, które zapewnia wysoki poziom użyteczności oraz bezpieczeństwa przy niskich nakładach związanych z programowaniem i wdrożeniem. W chwili obecnej połączenie ASP.NET 2.0 oraz SQL Server 2005 jest bez wątpienia najsilniejszym i najwydajniejszym środowiskiem programistycznym dostępnym na rynku. Prezentację najważniejszych możliwości oferowanych przez wspomniane narzędzia oparto o system zarządzający obiegiem wniosków. Pomimo, że aplikacja jest w pełni użyteczna i dostosowana do zastosowań komercyjnych stanowi tylko ilustrację prezentowanych metod.
EN
The main idea of this paper concern new method of application creation, which guarantee high security level with low programming costs consumption. This time combination of ASP.NET 2.0 and SQL Server 2005 seems to be the most powerful and efficient available technology. Presentation of most important possibilities offer by this technologies is based on system of documents management. In spite that this application can be useful in practice and commerce is only the illustration of presented tools and methods.
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The paper proposes how to use static analysis to extract an abstract model of a system. The method uses techniques of program slicing to examine syntax of a system modeled as a set of timed automata with discrete data, a common input formalism of model checkers dealing with time. The method is property driven. The abstraction is exact with respect to all properties expressed in the temporal logic CTL_X*
PL
Praca przedstawia zastosowanie analizy statycznej do uzyskania abstrakcyjnego modelu systemu. Proponowana metoda jest oparta na technice plastrowania programów. Analizie podlega system przedstawiony jako zbiór automatów czasowych rozszerzonych o dane dyskretne, który to formalizm jest stosowany przez weryfikatory modelowe dla systemów czasowych. W przedstawionej metodzie abstrakcja systemu zachowuje prawdziwość formuł logiki temporalnej CTL_X* i jest uzalezniona od weryfikowanej własności.
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The paper proposes how to use static analysis to extract an abstract model of a system. The method uses techniques of program slicing to examine syntax of a system modeled as a set of timed automata with discrete data, a common input formalism of model checkers dealing with time. The method is property driven. The abstraction is exact with respect to all properties expressed in the temporal logic CTL_X*.
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This paper presents a method of slicing timed systems to create reduced models for model checking verification. The reduction is made at the very beginning of the verification process and this makes it beneficial and effective in handling the state explosion problem. The method uses techniques of static analysis to examine the syntax of a program and to remove irrelevant fragments of the code. The timed extension of the classical slicing definition is given and applied to Intermediate Language of the verification system Verics and Estelle specification language.
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