Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Selection of a semivariogram model in the study of spatial distribution of soil moisture

Obroślak R., Dorozhynskyy O.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2017

|

no. 35

161--166

EN

The paper presents a selection of a semivariogram model in the study of spatial variability of soil moisture in a loess agricultural catchment. Soil moisture tests were carried out in the Moszenki village, 15 km northwest of Lublin. Soil moisture measurements were performed at two dates at 104 points, located on a rectangular surface measuring 700 × 1200 m. These points were laid out in the corners of a grid of squares with sides 100 m. In addition, 6 measurements were made at a distance of less than 100 m from the nearest points. Soil moisture was measured in the soil surface (0–5 cm). ArcGis software with Geostatistical Analyst extension was used for modelling semivariograms. In both terms, five models of semivariograms were used: stable, circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian. Kriging was used for the estimation of soil moisture values. Among the semivariogram models analyzed in this study, the largest errors in the determined values of soil moisture relative to the empirical data were observed for the exponential model, and the smallest for the Gaussian model. However, it should be emphasized that the values of the analysed errors for the individual semivariogram models were similar. Application of the ordinary kriging method for interpolation of spatial distribution of soil moisture yields good results, but it has to be kept in mind that the final shape of the spatial distribution is influenced by the choice of the semivariance function model.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano dobór modelu semiwariogramu w badaniach przestrzennej zmienności wilgotności gleby w lessowej zlewni rolniczej. Badania wilgotności gleb przeprowadzono na terenie wsi Moszenki, 15 km na północny zachód od Lublina. Pomiary wilgotności gleby przeprowadzono w dwóch terminach w 104 punktach, rozmieszczonych na powierzchni w kształcie prostokąta o wymiarach 700 × 1200 m. Punkty te wytyczono w narożnikach siatki kwadratów o bokach 100 m. Dodatkowo wykonano 6 pomiarów zlokalizowanych w odległości mniejszej niż 100 m od najbliższych punktów. Wilgotność mierzono w powierzchniowej warstwie gleby (0–5 cm). Do modelowania semiwariogramów wykorzystano program ArcGis z rozszerzeniem Geostatistical Analyst. W obu terminach do analiz wykorzystano pięć modeli semiwariogramów: stały, kołowy, sferyczny, wykładniczy, Gaussa. Do estymowania wartości wilgotności na analizowanym obszarze wykorzystano kryging zwyczajny. Spośród analizowanych modeli semiwariogramów największe błędy wyznaczonych wartości wilgotności gleby w stosunku do danych empirycznych zanotowano dla modelu wykładniczego, natomiast najmniejsze dla modelu Gaussa. Wykorzystanie krygingu zwykłego do interpolacji rozkładu przestrzennego wilgotności gleb daje dobre rezultaty, jednak na efekt końcowy rozkładu przestrzennego wpływ miał dobór modelu funkcji semiwariancji.

2

Analysis of changes in land use in Lubelskie voivodeship in the period 2004-2013

Gabryszuk J., Mazur A., Obroślak R., Rybicki R.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2017

|

nr III/1

895--906

EN

The aim of the study is to analyse and compare the changes in land use in rural areas in the Lubelskie Voivodship at the time of implementation of the Rural Development Plan (RDP) during the period 2004-2006 and 2007-2013. The assessment of changes in land use was made based on aggregate voivodship lists of the land and building register covering the years 2004-2013. In detailed analyses the changes in the register area of particular lands in 20 districts. For the purpose of research presentation QGIS software was used, which allowed to present the changes in land use in the form of a cartogram. The research shows a decrease in the acreage of agricultural land and waste land at the time of implementation of the two programmes, at the expense of, among others, forests, wooded and bushy lands, urban and built-up lands, ecological lands and various land. The effect of financing activities related to the reduction of the human impact on the environment during the period 2007-2013 in Lubelskie Voivodship can be observed in the changes of ecological land acreage. It was observed the overall area increase of 22,21%. Ecological lands constitute a very small percentage of the lands in Lubelskie Voivodship. It is the authors’ opinion that should strive to increase their acreage in order to increase biodiversity in rural areas.

3

The Concept of Phytomelioration of Open Agricultural Landscape on Example of Wola Idzikowska Village

Przegon W., Rybicki R., Obroślak R., Gabryszuk J., Król Ż.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 2

163--168

EN

The paper presents the project of land protection from erosion in Wola Idzikowska village. Because of the type of soils and topography, about 37% of the land is threatened by medium and strong water erosion. Due to the lack of windbreak barriers, 70% of the area is threatened by wind erosion. In Wola Idzikowska village in the years of 2004–2006 land consolidation was conducted. Anti-erosion protection systems were designed but never realized. The assessment of causes of this condition, as well as new system of anti-erosion phyto-control works have been done. Afforestation of about 4.1 hectares of land, mostly fallow lands and wastelands was designed. The possibility of introducing 7.60 kilometers of shelterbelts as a windbreak barriers was also shown.

4

Effect of Anthropogenic Pollutants on the Quality of Surface Waters Aand Groundwaters in the Catchment Basin of Lake Bialskie

Jóźwiakowski K., Listosz A., Gizińska-Górna M., Pytka A., Marzec M., Sosnowska B., Kowalczyk-Juśko A., Grzywna A., Mazur A., Obroślak R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 4

154--162

EN

The work evaluates the effect of anthropogenic pollutants on the quality of water in Lake Bialskie (51º32’07” N 23º00’55” E) and its catchment basin. Samples of water were taken from the lake (4 sampling points) and from wells dug within the catchment basin. The quality of water was analysed in May, June, August and November 2015. In the wells only in single cases was the level of chemical pollution found to exceed drinking water standards. However, in all samples the standard content of manganese was exceeded. In waters from the lake the concentrations of total phosphorus, which can contribute to eutrophication were recorded above the standard level. Both in waters from the lake and from the well a large count of meso- and psychrophiles and Coli and faecal coliforms as well as faecal Enterococci was found, which points to a high degree of contamination of the analysed waters with anthropogenic faeces. The phenomenon was observed to intensify in summer months, which can be associated with increased tourist traffic around the lake in this period.

5

Assessment of tillage translocation and tillage erosion on loess slope by contour mouldboard tillage

Rybicki R., Obroślak R., Mazur A., Marzec M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 5

247--253

EN

This paper reports the results of tillage experiments that were set up to investigate the intensity of net soil displacement and the associated tillage erosivity for mouldboard tillage carried out in direction parallel to the contour lines (contour tillage). Tillage was performed with typical set of cultivation for an average farm on soil developed from loess located on a slope with 7.5 to 13.5% decrease. Aluminium cubes of 15 cm edge-length were used as tracers. The studies showed that average translocation of soil along the slope (perpendicular to tillage direction) was 0,35 m and 0,28 m respectively for tillage with downslope and upslope direction of soil overturning. It means that each year about 2,89 Mg per hectare of soil is net displaced in downslope direction per plough operation. The studies indicated that contour moldboard tillage is also an important factor in relief and soil transformation of eroded areas.

6

Assessment of biomass resources from the care of pine stand

Kowalczyk-Juśko A., Rybicki R., Obroślak R., Mazur A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 5

221--226

EN

The paper presents the results of the research of the potential of woody biomass derived from the afforestation tending. Evaluation of the quantity and energy characteristics of biomass acquired from care of 20 year old pine stand (late cutting). Moreover, based on the CSO data about the size of afforestation in subsequent years, the amount of waste from plantings care obtainable in the country was determined. It was found that the surfaces for afforestation already in the phase of greenwood can be useful source of energy. Biomass sourced from the care of plantings can be valuable raw material, especially at the local level.

7

Analysis of Erosion Control Constructions Effectiveness. The Case of a Road Gully In Wielkopole (Lublin Upland)

Mazur A., Obroślak R., Nieścioruk K., Król Ż., Gabryszuk J., Rybicki R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 4

180--183

EN

The paper contains analysis of the anti-erosion system in the road gully in Wielkopole, Lublin Upland. The solution implemented in the gully’s bottom is effective against line erosion – there is no gully deepening. Lack of protection of slopes results in an intense earthmass movements. At the brim zone of the gully suffosion processes occur leading to the gully widening. The eroded material is accumulated on the road and colmatage drainage system of voivodship road no. 842, what is dangerous to traffic and generates expenses. That is why anti-erosion systems should be implemented comprehensively, protecting both the slopes and the bottom of gullies. Projects of such systems should be consulted with specialist.

8

Analysis of ecological status of surface waters in the Bystrzyca river Lublin

Grzywna A., Jóźwiakowski K., Gizińska-Górna M., Marzec M., Mazur A., Obroślak R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2016

|

Vol. 17, nr 5

203--207

EN

The quality of surface water in watercourses in the region of Lublin agglomeration was studied in 2012–2014. Biological and chemical indicators of the study for various sampling sites were detected and the resulting values of the indicators were processed statistically. Rivers characterized by small size and the flow and modification of the riverbed. The resulting low values of macrophyte river index and infusorial index pointed to a poor quality of surface waters. Chemical indicators of the quality of surface waters reached low values, only BOD and phosphates reached high values. The river is located outside the city and it is characterized by moderate potential ecological (III quality class), and the river within Lublin is insufficiently potential ecological (IV quality class). Statistical analysis showed high variability index values between the studied positions.

9

Zastosowanie wskaźników chemicznych i biologicznych do oceny potencjału ekologicznego sztucznych cieków wodnych

Grzywna A., Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Bochniak A., Marczuk A., Jóźwiakowski K., Marzec M., Mazur A., Obroślak R., Nieścioruk K., Zarajczyk J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2015

|

T. 94, nr 11

1954-1957

PL

W latach 2012–2013 przeprowadzono badania potencjału ekologicznego wód powierzchniowych w obszarze Natura 2000 OSO Lasy Parczewskie. Analiza badanych cieków w oparciu o wskaźniki biologiczne jednoznacznie wskazała na ich antropogeniczny charakter. Niskie wartości wskaźników biologicznych wód badanych cieków były wynikiem parametrów hydromorfologicznych koryta. Cieki charakteryzowała niewielka szerokość i głębokość, okresowy brak przepływu wody oraz modyfikacje koryta. Chemiczne wskaźniki jakości wód powierzchniowych osiągały małe wartości, jedynie ChZT i fosfor ogólny osiągały duże wartości. Poszczególne wskaźniki chemiczne jakości wody były w różnym stopniu powiązane z wskaźnikami biologicznymi.

EN

The quality of surface water in drainage ditches in an area of special protection of Natura 2000 Parczew Forests was studied in 2012–2013. The std. biol. and chem. indicators for various sampling sites were detd. periodically every 3 mo. and the resulting values of the indicators were processed statistically. The resulting low values of macrophyte river index and infusorial index pointed to a poor quality of surface waters. The highest changes were found for the phytoplankton indicator, depended on the sampling locations and time and indicated a good or poor water quality, resp. In addn., strong correlations were detd. between the biol. indicators (the presence of macrophytes and diatoms in water) and chem. ones (O and N contents in water and pH).

10

Rozwój wąwozu drogowego w Gorzkowie (Wyżyna Lubelska)

Mazur A., Grzywna A., Król Ż., Gabryszuk J., Nieścioruk K., Obroślak R.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2015

|

Nr 44

89--94

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań natężenia erozji wodnej w wąwozie drogowym w Gorzkowie na Wyżynie Lubelskiej. Program badań opierał się na badaniach terenowych, którymi objęto badania natężenia erozji wodnej, uwzględniając rodzaje i rozmiary szkód erozyjnych. W okresie badań wystąpiły trzy spływy powierzchniowe wód, podczas których powstały szkody erozyjne. Szkody erozyjne w postaci żłobin w dnie wąwozu wyniosły 64,2 m3, a objętość osadzonego materiału ziemnego na dnie wąwozu i w rowie przydrożnym wyniosła 70 m3.

EN

The paper presents the results studies on the intensity of water erosion processes in the road gully in Gorzków on the Lublin Upland. The study program was based mainly on field determinations including the intensity of water erosion processes, taking into account the types and size of erosion damage. During the studies, three surface washouts that led to erosion damage were registered. Erosion damage in a form of rills on the bottom of gully, during the studies, amount- ed to 64.2 m3, and the volume of precipitated soil material on the bottom of gully and the roadside ditch was 70 m3.

11

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments of two small dam reservoirs (south-east Poland)

Smal H., Ligęza S., Wójcikowska-Kapusta A., Baran S., Urban D., Obroślak R., Pawłowski A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2015

|

Vol. 41, no. 4

67--80

EN

Sediments of two dam reservoirs in SE Poland, Zalew Zemborzycki (ZZ) and Brody Iłżeckie (BI) were studied. The sediments from both reservoirs were sampled in the transects perpendicular to the shoreline, at the river inflow and the frontal dam. The total concentration of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined by ICP-EAS method after the sample digestion in the mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 acids. The statistical analyses: value intervals, mean values, variation coefficient, the median and the skewed distribution were performed. To estimate differences between the means for transects, Tukey’s test was applied with least significant difference (LSD) determination. The maps of the metal spatial distribution were drawn and sediment quality according to the geochemical and ecotoxicological criteria evaluated. Differences between the reservoirs in terms of heavy metals concentration in bottom sediments, and regularities in their spatial distribution were found. In the ZZ sediments the concentration was at the level of geochemical background (Zn, Cr), slightly (Cd, Cu, Ni) or moderately (Pb) contaminated sediments. The metal concentration in the sediments of the BI was up to eight times higher as compared to the ZZ. Moreover, sediments from the BI reservoir showed a greater variability of metal concentration than those from ZZ, which resulted from the dredging operation performed in the part of the reservoir. Metal concentration in sediments of the dredged part was ca. 2–5 times lower than in the undredged one, which indicates that after the dredging operation, accumulation of these metals was slight. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd from the undredged part of BI were at the level of contaminated sediments and exceeded the probable effects level (PEL). In the ZZ, the greatest accumulation of metals occurred in the upper part of the reservoir and at the frontal dam, and the lowest in the middle part of the reservoir. In BI, the lower outflow of water in this reservoir caused a lower metal concentration in the sediments at the frontal dam, as compared with the other sediments in the undredged part of the reservoir. The results indicate that in small and shallow reservoirs, areas of accumulation of heavy metals depend on such factors as a parent river current, reservoir depth, water waving, reservoir shape (narrowing, coves/bays), and type of water outflow.

PL

Badano osady dwóch zbiorników zaporowych w SE Polsce - Zalewu Zemborzyckiego (ZZ) i zbiornika Brody Iłżeckie (BI). W obydwu zbiornikach osady pobrano w transektach prostopadłych do linii brzegowej, w dopływie rzeki oraz przy zaporze czołowej. Oznaczono całkowitą zawartość Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr i Ni metodą ICP-EAS po zmineralizowaniu próbki w mieszaninie stężonego kwasu HNO3 i HClO4. Przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną wyników: zakresy, wartości średnie, współczynnik zmienności, mediana, skośność rozkładu. Do oceny różnic między średnimi dla transektów zastosowano test Tukey’a z wyznaczeniem najmniejszej istotnej różnicy (NIR). Opracowano mapy rozkładu przestrzennego metali oraz oceniono jakość osadów wg kryterium geochemicznego i ekotoksykologicznego. Stwierdzono różnice między zbiornikami pod względem zawartości metali ciężkich i ich rozmieszczenia przestrzennego w osadach. W osadach ZZ zawartość metali kształtowała się na poziomie tła geochemicznego (Zn, Cr), osadów słabo (Cd, Cu, Ni) lub miernie zanieczyszczonych (Pb). Zawartość metali w osadach BI była do ośmiu razy większa w porównaniu z osadami ZZ. Ponadto, osady zbiornika BI wykazały większą zmienność zawartości metali niż osady ZZ, co wynikało z zabiegu bagrowania, przeprowadzonego w jego części. Zawartość metali w osadach części bagrowanej była ok. 2–5 razy mniejsza niż w niebagrowanej, co wskazuje, że po zabiegu bagrowania ich akumulacja była niewielka. Zawartości Zn, Pb i Cd w części niebagrowanej BI były na poziomie osadów zanieczyszczonych i przekroczyły wartości PEL (ang. probable effects level). W ZZ największa akumulacja metali w osadach wystąpiła w górnej części zbiornika oraz przy zaporze czołowej, a najmniejsza w jego środkowej części. W BI dolny odpływ wody ze zbiornika spowodował zmniejszenie zawartości metali w osadach przy zaporze czołowej w porównaniu z innymi osadami części niebagrowanej. Wyniki badań wskazują, że w małych i płytkich zbiornikach zaporowych akumulacja metali ciężkich zależy od czynników takich jak: pierwotny nurt rzeki, głębokość zbiornika, falowanie wody, kształt zbiornika (przewężenia, zatoczki/zatoki), a także od typu odpływu wody.