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Photocatalytic degradation of turquoise blue textile dye using silver nanoparticles prepared from aqueous Kecemcem (Spondias pinnata) leaf extract

Putra Ngurah Wijaya, Suyasa I Wayan Budiarsa, Suarna I Wayan, Sukmaningsih Anak Agung Sagung Alit, Sastrawidana I Dewa Ketut

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 3

223--244

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were generated utilizing Kecemcem (Spondias pinnata) leaf extract, and their efficacy in the photocatalysis of turquoise blue textile dye was assessed through a batch method. The produced AgNPs were characterized by identify characteristic absorption band using UV-visible spectroscopy. the functional groups using FTIR, the crystalline phase, structure, and size through XRD. The photoactive degradation of dye using AgNPs was examined under 50-watt UV irradiation at different initial pH mediums, AgNPs-to-dye volume ratios, dye concentrations, and lengths of exposure time. The AgNP creation is suggested by a color change from yellow to reddish brown and is supported by the UV-visible spectrum, which generally appears 420 nm. The functional groups contained in AgNPs were identified from FTIR analysis in the range 1066–3329 cm-1. The signal at 3329.14 cm-1 is assigned to OH stretching, while the peaks at 1631.7 cm-1 and 1386 cm-1 are compatible with C=C and C-C stretching of alkenes, as well as C-H stretching of amide bonds, confirming the presence of protein. Additionally, the signal at 1066.64 cm-1 indicates to C-O stretching of carbonyl functional group. Based on XRD data, it was confirmed that the crystalline phase of AgNPs was 54.35% with a crystal size of 22 nm, and the peaks observed at 2θ values of around 38.21°, 46.45°, 66.65°, and 77.55° showed the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of the cubic face-centered structure. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 125 mg/L turquoise blue textile dye of 94.57% was achieved at operational conditions of pH 5, the addition of 6 mL AgNPs per 100 mL dye, and irradiation with a 50-watt UV lamp for 150 mins. These results imply that silver nanoparticles prepared using bioreductants contained in Kecemcem leaf extract are very promising for treating organic contaminants found in textile wastewater.