Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Hydrogeologiczne przyczyny zmian przyspieszenia siły ciężkości na stanowisku w Obserwatorium Astronomiczno-Geodezyjnym w Józefosławiu

Olszak T., Barlik M., Pachuta A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 11/1

1139--1143

EN

The article presents the results of measurements of gravity performed in the Astronomical and Geodetic Observatory Józefosław. Time series have been verified for parameters related to celestial bodies, atmospheric pressure changes and metrological factors. The analysis of these changes includes geodynamic and hydrological aspects taking into account global and local changes in groundwater levels. The aim of the article is to indicate the interpretation of contemporary measurements of gravity field against the contemporary accuracy of such measurements and to indicate the need for information on the level of groundwater (collected by the Polish Hydrogeological Survey) in procedures for the elaboration and interpretation ofgravimetric measurements and supportfrom hydrogeologists. Contemporary the gravity measurements with use of absolute gravimeters gives possibility determination of gravity value with uncertainty of the order 10-8 ms-2. Such accuracy corresponds to a vertical displacement of a point of less than 1 cm or a change in the water level of 2.5 cm. Use of gravimetric methods in the broadly understood Earth sciences must be supported by information related to changes in mass distribution around the measuring station, mainly related to the groundwater level changes. This allows to see the role of hydrogeological information related to the monitoring of groundwater as an indispensable information describing changes in the Earth’s gravity field.

2

Geodetic and geodynamic studies at Department of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy WUT

Brzeziński A., Barlik M., Andrasik E., Izdebski W., Kruczyk M., Liwosz T., Olszak T., Pachuta A., Pieniak M., Próchniewicz D., Rajner M., Szpunar R., Tercjak M., Walo J.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

|

2016

|

Vol. 100

165--200

EN

The article presents current issues and research work conducted in the Department of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography at Warsaw University of Technology. It contains the most important directions of research in the fields of physical geodesy, satellite measurement techniques, GNSS meteorology, geodynamic studies, electronic measurement techniques and terrain information systems.

3

New gravity control in Poland – needs, the concept and the design

Kryński J., Olszak T., Barlik M., Dykowski P.

Geodesy and Cartography

|

2013

|

Vol. 62, no. 1

3--21

EN

The existing Polish gravity control (POGK) established in the last few years of 20th century according to the international standards is spanned on 12 absolute gravity stations surveyed with four different types of absolute gravimeters. Relative measurements performed by various groups on nearly 350 points of POGK with the use of LaCoste&Romberg (LCR) gravimeters were linked to those 12 stations. The construction of the network, in particular the limited number of non homogeneously distributed absolute gravity stations with gravity determined with different instruments in different epochs is responsible for systematic errors in g on POGK stations. The estimate of those errors with the use of gravity measurements performed in 2007-2008 is given and their possible sources are discussed. The development of absolute gravity measurement technologies, in particular instruments for precise field absolute gravity measurements, provides an opportunity to establish new type of gravity control consisting of stations surveyed with absolute gravimeters. New gravity control planned to be established in 2012-2014 will consist of 28 fundamental points (surveyed with the FG5 - gravimeter), and 169 base points (surveyed with the A10 gravimeter). It will fulfill recent requirements of geodesy and geodynamics and it will provide good link to the existing POGK. A number of stations of the new gravity control with precisely determined position and height will form the national combined geodetic network. Methodology and measurement schemes for both absolute gravimeters as well as the technology for vertical gravity gradient determinations in the new gravity control were developed and tested. The way to assure proper gravity reference level with relation to ICAG and ECAG campaigns as well as local absolute gravimeter comparisons are described highlighting the role of metrology in the project. Integral part of the project are proposals of re-computation of old gravity data and their transformation to a new system (as 2nd order network) as well as a definition of gravity system as “zero-tide” system. Seasonal variability of gravity has been discussed indicating that the effects of environmental changes when establishing modern gravity control with absolute gravity survey cannot be totally neglected.

PL

Założona w Polsce w ostatniej dekadzie XX wieku zgodnie z obowiązującymi standardami międzynarodowymi Podstawowa Osnowa Grawimetryczna Kraju (POGK), składająca się z około 350 punktów, została oparta na 12 absolutnych punktach grawimetrycznych, na których przyspieszenie siły ciężkości wyznaczono przy użyciu czterech różnych typów grawimetrów absolutnych. Względne pomiary grawimetryczne na punktach tej osnowy, z jednoczesnym dowiązaniem jej do przyspieszenia siły ciężkości na 12 absolutnych punktach grawimetrycznych, wykonały różne grupy pomiarowe przy wykorzystaniu grawimetrów LaCoste&Romberg (LCR). Konstrukcja powstałej sieci grawimetrycznej, w szczególności ograniczona liczba nierównomiernie rozłożonych punktów absolutnych na terenie kraju, na których w dodatku przyspieszenie siły ciężkości wyznaczono różnymi instrumentami w różnych epokach, spowodowały wystąpienie błędów systematycznych w wartościach g na punktach POGK. W niniejszej pracy, przy wykorzystaniu pomiarów grawimetrycznych wykonanych w latach 2007-2008 dokonano oceny tych błędów oraz przeprowadzono dyskusję ich możliwych źródeł. Rozwój technologii absolutnych pomiarów grawimetrycznych, w szczególności instrumentów przeznaczonych do precyzyjnych absolutnych pomiarów grawimetrycznych w warunkach polowych, stwarza możliwość założenia nowego typu osnowy grawimetrycznej, składającej się ze stacji, na których przyspieszenie siły ciężkości jest pomierzone grawimetrami absolutnymi. Nowa osnowa grawimetryczna Polski, która będzie zakładana w latach 2012-2014, będzie się składała z 28 punktów fundamentalnych (mierzonych grawimetrem FG5) i 169 punktów bazowych (mierzonych grawimetrem A10). Będzie ona spełniała wymagania współczesnej geodezji i geodynamiki oraz zapewniała dobre powiązanie z istniejącą osnową POGK. Znaczna liczba punktów nowej osnowy grawimetrycznej, o precyzyjnie wyznaczonej pozycji wysokości utworzy krajową zintegrowaną osnowę geodezyjną. Opracowano i przetestowano metodologie i procedury pomiarowe na punktach nowej osnowy grawimetrycznej dla obu grawimetrów absolutnych (FG5, A10) oraz technologie wyznaczania gradientu pionowego przyspieszenia siły ciężkości na tych punktach. Określono metody zapewnienia odpowiedniego poziomu grawimetrycznego osnowy poprzez udział grawimetrów FG5 i A10 w międzynarodowej (ICAG) i europejskiej (ECAG), a także lokalnych kampaniach porównawczych grawimetrów absolutnych podkreślając jednocześnie rolę metrologii w projekcie. Integralnymi częściami projektu są zamierzenia przeliczenia archiwalnych danych grawimetrycznych wykorzystywanych przy tworzeniu POGK i ich przetransformowania do nowego systemu (jako sieć 2 rzędu) oraz zdefiniowania nowego systemu grawimetrycznego jako systemu „zero-tide”. Przeprowadzono również dyskusję zmienności sezonowej przyspieszenia siły ciężkości wskazując, że przy wyznaczaniu przyspieszenia siły ciężkości na punktach nowoczesnej osnowy grawimetrycznej wpływ zmian środowiskowych nie może być traktowany jako w pełni zaniedbywalny.

4

On a lasting role of geodynamics in modern vertical and gravity reference systems

Kryński J., Barlik M.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2012

|

z. 1/92

61--68

EN

Both definition and realization of vertical reference systems require gravity. Relation between height changes and gravity changes is well known in geodynamics on local, regional, and global scale. Consideration of time as additional dimension is needed in the modern vertical and gravity reference systems as well as in processing both levelling and gravity data. Classical vertical and gravity reference systems are briefly presented followed by the discussion of the need of advanced modification of both systems. Geodynamic aspects in creating modern vertical and gravity reference systems were discussed. The role of geodynamics in the realization of vertical and gravity reference systems was presented with emphasizing the key role of metrology.

5

Research on absolute gravity variations in geodynamic laboratory in Książ in the period of 2007-2011

Kaczorowski M., Olszak T., Walo J., Barlik M.

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

|

2012

|

Vol. 47, No. 4

169--176

EN

In 2006 a gravimetric pavilion was installed inside the Geodynamic Laboratory (LG) in Książ. The pavilion was equipped with two pillars intended to serve relative and absolute gravimetric measurements. Installation of measurement platform for absolute gravity measurements inside gravimetric pavilion of LG made it possible to perform four sessions of absolute gravity measurements: two of them in 2007 (June 10-12 and Nov. 21-22), one in 2008 (Apr. 21-22) and one in 2011 (June 19-21). In 2007 the absolute measurements were performed using two FG5 ballistic gravimeters. In April 2007 the measurements were performed by Dr Makinen from Geodetic Institute of Finnish Academy of Science with application of FG5 No. 221 absolute gravimeter. In June 2007 and in the years 2008 and 2011 such gravimetric measurements were performed by the team from Department of Geodesy and Astronomical Geodesy of Warsaw University of Technology using FG5 No. 230 absolute gravimeter. Elaboration of observation sessions from both gravimeters was performed in the Department of Higher Geodesy following the procedures used in constituting of uniform gravimetric system of geodynamic polygons reference. This constituting of gravimetric system comprised inter alia application of identical models of lithospheric tides (global model by Wenzel, 1997) and ocean tides (Schwiderski, 1980) (reduction of absolute measurements with tidal signals). Observations performed during summer of 2007, autumn of 2007, and spring of 2008 and 2011 indicated existence of small changes of absolute gravity of the order of 1 Gal. Maxima of accelerations appear in the spring period, and minima in the autumn period. This effect is connected with the influence of global hydrological factors the annual amplitude of which is ca 1,5 Gal and achieve extreme values in the spring-autumn interval. Very small value of observed amplitude of gravity changes in the period of extreme variability suggests that the observed gravity changes in LG are caused only by global phenomenon. This proves high degree of „independence” of gravimetric measurement base in LG from the local environmental factors such as ground water level variations, ground humidity, impact of snow cover, etc. At this moment the instrumental environment of absolute measurements obtains particular value, especially in the case of the tiltmeters and relative the gravimeter Lacoste&Romberg (LR-648). The relative gravity measurements as performed simultaneously with absolute gravity measurements enable us to determine the local tidal ephemeredes which makes it possible to replace the global tidal modal with ocean tidal model with the more realistic, locally determined tidal parameters (the local tidal ephemeredes).

6

Geodynamical investigations in the Pieniny Mountain in 1994-2010

Walo J., Pachuta A., Próchniewicz D., Szpunar R., Olszak T., Barlik M.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2011

|

z. 2/91

29-36

EN

Geodynamical investigation in the Pieniny Mountain (south of Poland) were carried out since the 1960s. They contained levelling, gravimetric measurements and distance observations in horizontal network. The results reveled vertical and horizontal movements of the crust and periodic changes in gravity. In 1994-1995 horizontal network was adapted to perform GPS observations and they were carried out with leveling, gravimetric and EDM observations. In 1990s, the Dunajec river dam and the water resorvoirs in Czorsztyn and Sromowce Wyżne have been built. This has a new aspect in investigations releted to the effect of tectonic movements on the dam. Taking that into account, the study was revived, after six year break, in 2001. The investigations, which contain GPS, gravimetric and leveling observations, have been carried out every year. In this paper the result of horizontal displacement obtained from GPS measurement as well as gravity changes in 1994-2010 period are presented and yields linear trend in north-east direction less than 1 mm/year.

7

Professor doctor, dr. h. c. Czesław Kamela

Barlik M.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2010

|

z. 2/89

7-10

8

Activities of Józefosław Astro-Geodetic Observatory in the last five decades

Rogowski J.B., Barlik M., Litwosz T., Kruczyk M., Kujawa L., Rajner M., Olszak T., Kurka W.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2010

|

z. 2/89

31-52

EN

Astro-Geodetic Observatory in Józefosław, witch belongs to the Departament of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy of the Warsaw University of Technology, started to permanent observations in 1958. First of them was time service started in February 1958, coordinated by BIH. From 1959 astrometrial latitude measurements have been done with aim to determine the parameters of the Earth rotation. In 1991 the Observatory was joned to the International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS) and started to operate as a permanent one in 1993. There have been performed many observations and scientific researches, such as: GPS in the frame of IGS/IGLOS/EUREF; tidal observations; absolute gravity measurements; changes of the vertical, based on the gravimetric measurements; astrometric observations and metrology. Moreover studies on RTK and DGPS measurements using mobile phone for data transmision are performed since 1998. WUT EUREF Lokal Analysis Centre, one of the 17 Lokal Analysis Centres acting in Europe, is a very important part of the Observatory. The Centre makes continuous service of one-week and daily aolution in the farme of EPN network, processes national and international GPS campaigns (CEGRN, EXTENDED SAGET etc.), models ionosphere and troposphere parameters, compute tidal components and changes of the vertical according to astrometric and gravimetric measurenents. This paper present history and current state of the art of the Observatory's activites.

9

Absolute gravimetric determinations of long-standing non-tidal gravity changes in Józefosław Astro - Geodetic Observatory of Warsaw Universitety of Technology and at main tectonic units on Poland territory

Barlik M., Olszak T., Pachuta A., Próchniewicz D.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2010

|

z. 2/89

11-19

10

Monitoring of the long-standing changes of the absolute gravity in Observatory of Józefosław and at main tectonics units of Poland territory

Barlik M., Olszak T., Pachuta A., Próchniewicz D.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2009

|

z. 1/86

61-68

EN

Gravimetric investigations of the long-standing, not tidal variations of the absolute gravity using ballistic FG - 5 No. 230 gravity meter, bought by Warsaw University of Technology at 2005, were performed on four stations outside the Teisseyre - Tornquist Zone (T - T Zone) as well as at Józefoslaw Astro - Geodetic Observatory of the Warsaw University of Technology, located near Warsaw, near the northern edge of T - T zone on Precambrian Platform. Raw results of observations were corrected by Earth's tide influences, loading effects of the Earth's crust and ocean, by polar motion influence to the gravity as well as from the reason of gravitational and deformation influences of the atmosphere. Monitoring of the gravity on Józefosław station, during three years once a month, pointed out quasi-periodic non-tidal variations. Absolute gravity determinations in previous campaigns (1992 - 2001) on Polish territory were performed using various ballistic gravity meters, many types and quality, as well as there were spread in time. In epochs since 2006 to 2008 with our instrument FG - 5 No. 230 there were obtained the gravity values minor on all investigated stations. It was about 17 žGal on Satellite Lamkówko station, near Olsztyn, and 12 žGal in Borowiec Astro Geodynamical Observatory of the Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences with comparison to the results from 8 - 10 y earlier obtained using Polish absolute gravity meter ZZG, Italian IMGC and two FG-5 instruments from Austria and USA. The variation since 1996 to 2006 on Giby (station of the gravity national fundamental net) was appeared as only 7.5 žGal. On very stable station Ojców (Seismic Observatory of the Polish Academy of Sciences) located on Świętokrzyskie Mts. craton, the decrease of gravity equal to 9 žGal has been noticed after 9 years. Recovered variations of gravity on Poland territory might have the sources in gravity global or regional variations in the hydrological influences in the vicinity of stations as well as in incorrect earlier determinations of the gravimetric corrections, mainly in vertical gradient of gravity above absolute stations.

11

Investigations on the field of gravity in Polish tidal laboratories

Barlik M., Bogusz J., Kaczorowski M.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2009

|

z. 1/86

43-52

EN

Presently there are two laboratories in Poland investigating field of gravity. The Geodynamic Laboratory of Space Research Centre in Ksiaz is placed in the south-western part of Poland in horizontal galleries built in slope of the valley. In 1974 in the laboratory the measurements carried out with help of two quartz-horizontal pendulums equipped with photographic system of registration were begun. In 2002 in the laboratory the long water-tube tiltmeter was built. It is consisted of two perpendicular tubes 65- and 83-meter long, partially filled with water. In 2007 in the laboratory the relative gravimeter LaCoste&Romberg G-648 was installed. The Gravimetric Laboratory of Astro-Geodetic Observatory in Józefosław is placed in central part of Poland. It has been investigated tidal gravity changes since 1993 using first LC&R model G gravimeter, then D-model. Since 2001 laboratory is equipped with LC&R ET-26 meter. In 2005 the laboratory was equipped with FG5-230 gravimeter for monitoring of the absolute gravity variations. The paper presents current state-of-art of the researches aimed at investigation on field of gravity carried out by Polish scientific institutions.

12

Grawimetry

Barlik M.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2007

|

nr 1

22-27

13

Testing of gravimetric quasigeoid by astronomical measurements

Mojzes M., Husar L., Janak J., Papco J., Czarnecki K., Barlik M., Bogusz J., Walo J.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2006

|

z. 4/79

203-211

EN

The current determination of quasigeoid is largely based on gravimetric observations, which in general do not cover areas equally. That causes decreasing in quality of quasigeoid determination in those areas that are sparsely covered (surveyed) by gravimetric measurements. This situation was occurred on territory of the Slovak Republic in the Tatra Mountains area where gravimetric observations were performed only in some valleys and crests and from Polish side were only applied average values of Bouguer gravity anomalies with a 5' x 7.5' grid spacing (10 km x 10 km) which were transformed to average free-air gravity anomalies. To testing precision of the determined gravimetric quasigeoid it's desirable to use independent method such as astronomical method. Essentially is concerned with comparison astronomical and gravimetric of vertical deflections in the given region and with modelling of the differences between astronomical and gravimetric vertical deflections.

14

Polish astro-geodetic geoid - final results

Rogowski J. B., Barlik M., Bogusz J., Hefty J., Kłęk M., Kujawa L.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2006

|

z. 1/76

119-128

15

Activities of gravimertic laboratory at Józefosław Astro-geodetic Observatory in the frame of geodynamic investigations

Barlik M., Bogusz J., Olszak T.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2006

|

z. 1/76

129-138

16

Pomiary

Barlik M.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2006

|

nr 12

24--28

17

Testing of gravimetric quasigeoid by astronomical measurements

Mojzes M., Husar L., Janak J., Papco J., Czarnecki K., Barlik M., Bogusz J., Walo J.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2004

|

nr 2/69

157--166

EN

The current determination of quasigeoid is largely based on gravimetric observations, which in general do not cover areas equally. That causes decreasing in quality of quasigeoid determination in those areas that are sparsely covered (surveyed) by gravimetric measurements. This situation was occurred on territory of the Slovak Republic in the Tatra Mountains area where gravimetric observations were performed only in some valleys and crests and from Polish side were only applied average values of Bouguer gravity anomalies with a 5' x 7.5' grid spacing (10 km x 10 km) which were transformed to average free-air gravity anomalies. To testing precision of the determined gravimetric quasigeoid it's desirable to use independent method such as astronomical method. Essentially is concerned with comparison astronomical and gravimetric of vertical deflections in the given region and with modelling of the differences between astronomical and gravimetric vertical deflections.

18

Testing of gravimetric quasigeoid by astronomical measurements

Mojzes M., Husar L., Janak J., Papco J., Czarnecki K., Barlik M., Bogusz J., Walo J.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2004

|

nr 4/71

148--156

EN

The current determination of quasigeoid is largely based on gravimetric observations, which in general do not cover areas equally. That causes decreasing in quality of quasigeoid determination in those areas that are sparsely covered (surveyed) by gravimetric measurements. This situation was occurred on territory of the Slovak Republic in the Tatra Mountains area where gravimetric observations were performed only in some valleys and crests and from Polish side were only applied average values of Bouguer gravity anomalies with a 5' x 7.5' grid spacing (10 km x 10 km) which were transformed to average free-air gravity anomalies. To testing precision of the determined gravimetric quasigeoid it's desirable to use independent method such as astronomical method. Essentially is concerned with comparison astronomical and gravimetric of vertical deflections in the given region and with modelling of the differences between astronomical and gravimetric vertical deflections.

19

Investigation of the separation between the unregularized and regularized geoid basing on the example of the geodetic test field near Grybów - the Carpathians, south Poland

Barlik M., Kowalik B.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2004

|

nr 2/69

285--301

EN

The paper presents studies concerned with the different practical approaches to the problem of the unregularized geoid heights determination. The author has taken into account theories given by some scientists to determine on the test field differences between the regularized and unregularized geoid altitude above the GRS'80 ellipsoid. Experiments performed on the test field in sub-mountainously area (near Grybow - Cracov district, South Poland, the Carpathians) gave results which pointed out that unregularized geoid has a shape respectively different in comparison with Molo-denskii 's quasi-geoid and regularized Stokes geoid.

20

The direct and indirect effects of the artificial lake water in the vicinity of the pumped - storage power station "Zarnowiec" on gravity and geoidal height

Barlik M.

Reports on Geodesy

|

2003

|

z. 4/67

53-65

EN

In the paper the author focuses attention on the problem of the influence of lateral density changes in topographical masses on gravity and geoidal height computation. In computing the geoidal heights, the density is usuall modelled by the mean crust density p0=2670kg.m-3. The density of water in lakes differs significantly from this value. To answer the question of how large an error can be caused by this onfluence we divide it into primary, secondary and idirest effects. An estimation has been made for an artificial lake near the pumped-storage power station in Zarnowiec, Gdansk district.