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1
Content available Analysis of the factors contributing to environmental pollution in the subcarpathian province
Kalda Galyna, Krokos Jolanta, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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2024
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Vol. 71
19--31
EN
The work presents an examination of Poland's environmental condition, with a focus on the contamination of air and surface waters by various chemical elements. The composition and quality of the air impact ecosystems, plant growth, the animal kingdom, and shape human living conditions. These factors play a significant role in driving global climate change. The repercussions of air pollution encompass phenomena such as smog, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, as well as impacts on industrial and municipal facilities, contributing to global warming. The article conducts an analysis of air pollution, surface water contamination, and electromagnetic radiation pollution in Subcarpathian, utilizing the city of Stalowa Wola and the Stalowa Wola county as case studies. This choice is informed by the fact that Stalowa Wola stands as one of the largest industrial cities in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, suggesting that environmental pollution levels in this county might surpass those in other regions. The article also delineates the features of air and surface water pollution, along with electromagnetic radiation characteristics. It scrutinizes pollution sources in the mentioned county, explicates the causes of such pollution, and proposes strategies for environmental amelioration. The analysis of the environmental status of Stalowa Wola county during the years 2018 to 2020 is presented, accompanied by recommendations for initiatives that could enhance its condition. The research findings indicate that the condition of uniform segments of surface waters, as evaluated through conducted studies, is deemed poor. The discharge of wastewater from specific pollution points, particularly wastewater from municipal origins, emerges as the predominant cause of subpar water quality.
2
Content available Water Supply Networks - performance modelling and assessment
Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna, Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara, Eid Mohamed
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2023
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023
175--186
EN
Performance modelling and assessment of Water Supply System (WSS) is a critical activity in system management process. It contributes into producing indicators necessary for the optimisation of the system operation, maintenance, safety, and resources use. The Water Supply Network (WSN) is a major component of any WSS. Assessing the performance of the WSN requires the development of dynamic-probabilistic models and the use of performance notions that are beyond the local availability and reliability of a cluster of pipes (mains, connections, and distributions) or nodes. The proposed performance notions are fully described in terms of performance-levels. The proposed modelling scheme is applied on a real WSN that has slightly been modified to preserve the didactic quality of the chapter and render the modelling scheme accessible at its first uses. Once the use of the scheme is mastered, its exploitation for real and complex WSN is straight forward.
3
Content available Ecological safety as an important part of environmental and people security
Kalda Galyna, Sokolan Yulia, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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2023
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Vol. 70
5--15
EN
The article substantiates the importance of finding and studying methods of restructuring of consciousness in relation to nature, the development of new priorities of interaction between society and the environment as a fundamentally different path of development of civilization. The main characteristics of environmental education as one of the main social aspects of environmental safety at the present stage are given. The essence and assessment of ecological competence as an important integral indicator of learning achievements are defined. It is shown, what features are characterized by global ecological safety and on what the safety of human stay both in the workplace and in the environment is based. The authors show a set of environmental standards, which are important to ensure environmental safety. The problems of environmental security, as well as methods of scientific study of environmental factors are presented. It is shown what impact anthropogenic environmental security has on global environmental security. An analysis of the requirements that should be observed in the construction process, such as planning and development of territories, so that it is not a threat to the environmental safety of the environment in general and individuals in particular is carried out. The basic hygienic principle of the planning organization of the territory of new areas of human habitation as well as reconstruction of old territories is presented. It is shown that to ensure human ecological safety around industrial enterprises and facilities with technological processes it is necessary to create special protections, sanitary and protection zones.
4
Content available Water distribution and risk governance: data issues in view of development of risk-informed decision-making approach
Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna, Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara, Eid Mohamed
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2022
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022
173--184
EN
The issues of failure risk assessment in water distribution systems are presented. Water supply network failure constitute a crucial issue in water distribution sector. Attention has been paid to the problem of risk assessment considering risk acceptance criteria. Besides, the water network failure indicators were assessed. The presented methods can be used to describe the general characteristics and the technical conditions of the water distribution system. The chapter is intended to draw the attention to the need for further technical and organisational improvement and for the standardization of the failure risk assessment in the water distribution systems.
5
Content available Noise analysis and reduction methods in sanitation facilities and equipment
Kalda Galyna, Paździorny Tomasz, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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2022
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Vol. 69
17--26
EN
The article presents an analysis of noise in sanitary devices, and the described methods of reducing noise in places where noise occurs. The given results of noise tests of sanitary facilities and workplaces concerns one of the municipal company. Described sources of noise in water supply, sewage as well as ventilation and air conditioning systems. It has been shown that the noises occurring in residential buildings may be caused by excessively high pressure inside the installation, where, for example, when closing the valve, a water hammer phenomenon arises, causing audible noises, especially when the installation is made of metal materials. The article analyzes noise in sanitary facilities, describes the methods of reducing noise in places where noise occurs. The given results of noise tests of sanitary facilities and workplaces in one of the municipal companies of the city of the Subcarpathian province. Described sources of noise in water supply, sewage as well as ventilation and air conditioning systems. It has been shown that the noises occurring in residential buildings may be caused by excessively high pressure inside the installation, where, for example, when closing the valve, a water hammer phenomenon arises, causing audible noises, especially when the installation is made of metal materials. It has been shown that the main causes of noise in plumbing systems can be rigid pipe fittings. Noises in the sewage system are related to the outflow of used water in vertical and horizontal sections. The phenomenon most often occurs in places connecting vertical pipes with horizontal pipes, as well as the use of too small diameters of pipes. Material noise reduction in sewage systems can be ensured thanks to a properly designed system of fastening pipes to fixed elements. An important step is to use appropriate sound insulation to stop unwanted sounds. The reason for noise in the air-conditioning and ventilation system are changes in the velocity of the flowing air mass and the occurrence of turbulences during the change of the air flow direction. This causes the ducts to resonate and the air flow noise through the diffusers. The most common noise problem in the central heating installation is the use of a solid fuel boiler, the maintenance work of the device is a problem, as it requires cleaning the furnace, which is related to the noise that is transmitted through the installation pipes to the rooms. Based on the analysis of workstations at the municipal company plant, it has been shown that the highest conformity deviation level is in the drying room in the position of a machine and device operator.
6
Content available Protecting critical infrastructure of water supply in interests of consumer safety
Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna, Rak Janusz Ryszard
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2021
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2021
327--337
EN
Given the status as an element of Critical Infrastructure, the operation of a water-supply system is an issue of importance that demands detailed analysis. There are in fact a range of crisis situations that may arise (e.g. floods, droughts, earthquakes, breakdowns, technical disasters, etc.) in which a ubiquitous common problem may relate to the supply of the population in drinking water. The lack of any such supply is fully capable of ensuring that serious disease and even epidemics arise, hence the need for emergency plans to be drawn up as regards the supply of drinking water under various crisis situations. The trigger for analysis and safety assessment in regard to a water-supply system is then the introduction of procedures in regard to safety management that minimise the impacts of incidental undesirable events, as well as the health and sanitary risks posed to water consumers, while introducing procedures appropriate in the context of the supply of water under crisis conditions.
7
Content available Ensuring an adequate level of quality of water supply in regard to the safety of consumers
Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara, Rak Janusz, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2020
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2020
209--229
EN
This chapter analysing the reliability, safety and operation of a water-supply system presents work whose main aim was to address strategies by which the safety of water-supply services is maintained. Water companies should prioritise this kind of analysis of the functioning of their supply systems, with a view to quality of supply remaining adequate. In this context, this paper may provide background against which management principles may be formulated. The management in question should make resources ready for situations arising in which undesirable events pose a threat to health, the environment or infrastructure. It is terms and concepts associated with the risk accompanying everyday water-supply operation that have been presented here, with procedures of the quality function deployment house of quality established and input offered in relation to the development of safety plans.
8
Content available Methods for identifying threats of critical infrastructure systems within Baltic Sea region
Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna, Szpak Dawid
Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association
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2019
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Vol. 10, No. 1
149--166
EN
In the analysis of the operation of critical infrastructure systems it is important to perform the analysis of the safety of the operation. The daily operation of such systems is inherently associated with the occurrence of various types of random undesirable events. Therefore, in the paper the matrix and logical trees methods used in the analysis of the risk of threats in critical infrastructure systems within the Baltic Sea, were presented. The analysis and assessment of the protection of technical system was performed using the FMEA method (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). As to analyse the cause and effect of undesirable events the method of Bayes' theorem and Java Bayes program were implemented, which allows to identify the probability of the event occurrence.
9
Content available Failure risk analysis of water distributions systems using hydraulic models on real field data
Studziński Andrzej, Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna
Ekonomia i Środowisko
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2019
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nr 1
152--165
EN
At this paper the analysis of failure risk in the two water supply systems in the south-eastern Poland is presented. For this purpose the hydraulic models of the water networks created in the EPANET 2 on the basis of data obtained from the water networks operation were used. The consequences of failure of individual pipelines were determined. The areas that are most vulnerable to pressure fluctuations in the water supply system resulting from the failure of these pipelines, were located.
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