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Modelowanie hydrogeochemiczne wód termalnych eksploatowanych z trzech ujęć geotermalnych w Bańskiej Niżnej (Podhale)

Sekuła K., Tomaszewska B., Wątor K., Kmiecik E., Mika A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/1

1014--1018

EN

The exploitation of thermal waters from the Triassic, Jurassic and carbonate Eocen is conducted by PEC Geothermia Podhalańska with three wells: Bańska PGP-1, Bańska PGP-3 and Bańska IG-1. The groundwater discharge rates from each well change over time, depending on the energy requirements of the heating installation. As a consequence, the proportions of water exploited by the wells and mixed in the heating system are fluctuating. This paper presents results ofphysicochemical research of water from geothermal wells, which were carried out under various operating conditions. The data were used to evaluate changes in the hydrogeochemical specificity of water exploited from individual wells and mixed in the installation. Hydrogeochemical modelling was performed with the analysis of changes of ion speciation depending on the exploitation parameters. Consideration is given to the results obtained during the summer, when the water extraction rate is lower (providing energy coverage for hot water) and in the winter, when the extraction rate is considerably higher (for heat and hot water supply). The results of the modelling allow identification of the impact of the performance parameters of the wells on the water characteristics of the system before and after geothermal heat exchangers.

2

Zastosowanie przezbrzusznego badania ultrasonograficznego w ocenie mięśni dna miednicy w fizjoterapii

Oleksy Ł., Mika A., Kielnar R., Grzegorczyk J., Marchewka A.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2017

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Vol. 23, nr 4

270--277

PL

Mięśnie w obrębie kompleksu lędźwiowo-miedniczno-biodrowego pełnią rolę podtrzymującą dla narządów miednicy mniejszej, odpowiadają za kontyngencję pęcherza oraz pełnią funkcję mięśni oddechowych. Mięśnie dna miednicy są również uważane za ważną część mechanizmu stabilizacji głębokiej kręgosłupa. U pacjentów z zaburzeniami funkcji mięśni dna miednicy mamy do czynienia z dolegliwościami bólowymi w obrębie kręgo-słupa lędźwiowego i miednicy, z objawami nietrzymania moczu oraz z zaburzeniami toru oddychania. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie metodyki zastosowania obrazowania ultrasonograficznego w ocenie funkcji mięśni dna miednicy. Ultrasonografia staje się coraz bardziej popularna w pracy fizjoterapeutów, zarówno w diagnostyce zaburzeń mięśni głębokich kompleksu lędźwiowo-miednicznego jak i jako narzędzie służące do biofeedbacku podczas terapii.

EN

The muscles of the lumbopelvic region play a significant role in musculoskeletal function as well as continence and respiration. The pelvic floor muscles also provide trunk stability. In patients with failure of pelvic floor muscles function we observe low back pain, incontinence and breathing disorders. The aim of this study was to present the methodology of ultrasound evaluation of pelvic floor muscles. Ultrasonography becomes popular in physiotherapy practice both in evaluation of lumbopelvic complex dysfunction and as a biofeedback tool during the therapy.

3

Metodyka opróbowania ujęć wód termalnych – aspekty techniczne

Korzec K., Kmiecik E., Mika A., Tomaszewska B., Wątor K.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

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2016

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R. 55, nr 1

75--87

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę poboru próbek wód termalnych z trzech otworów eksploatacyjnych Bańska PGP-1, Bańska PGP-3, Bańska IG-1 oraz instalacji ciepłowni geotermalnej. Zaproponowano rozwiązania konstrukcyjne podłączeń wężyka używanego do poboru do króćców próbobiorczych znajdujących się w punktach pomiarowych, wykonane z łatwo dostępnych i tanich materiałów. Zaprezentowano również schemat chłodzenia wód termalnych bez kontaktu z powietrzem w celu wykonania pomiaru parametrów nietrwałych w systemie on-line za pomocą miernika z elektrodami dostosowanymi do niższego zakresu temperatur niż temperatura wód termalnych. Przedstawione rozwiązania zweryfikowano za pomocą eksperymentu pomiarowego oraz sprawdzono pod kątem obowiązujących norm i wytycznych.

EN

This paper presents the methodology of sampling three exploiting wells (Bańska PGP-1, Bańska PGP-3, Bańska IG-1) and the element of the installation of the thermal heating station. The designed solutions were presented by connecting sampling tube to the sampling spigots located at the measurement points, made from commonly available and inexpensive materials. The scheme of cooling the geothermal waters without contact with the air in order to perform an on-line measurement of the instable parameters, using gauges with electrodes adapted to the lower temperature than the temperature of the thermal waters was also presented. The proposed solutions were verified by means of the measurement experiment and were checked according to the applicable and relevant standards and guidelines.

4

Use of statistical tools in hydrogeological research

Mika A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 1

99

EN

Marcus Cicero said “Any man can make mistakes, but only an idiot persists in his error”. In this paper, some statistical tools are presented, which give scientists an opportunity to reduce or eliminate their mistakes and could help to assess results of high quality and their presentation. In hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry every stage of research could cause serious errors. IBM SPSS software is a modular system designated to the data analysis or visual presentation of the results. SPSS gives a lot of possibilities to illustrate the results of chemical analysis using different plots, which can show a dependence of results from sampling points or time changes of ion concentrations. Another software, GWSDAT, is freeware, a supplement to Microsoft Excel, based on R language. This software provides trend assessment (Jones & Spence 2013) and visual presentation of results e.g. as a concentration map. The basic statistical method to evaluate the quality of the analysis is an error based on the ions balance. The values of this error can be shown on a histogram with references line (pictured the threshold value include in ruling standards). A chemical analysis result could also be illustrated on a box-and-whisker plot. Then we can show which concentrations diverge values or are higher than parametric value assigned by the regulations. The second method for quality control of the obtained analysis results is a control chart. This diagram bases on recording results of measurements of the analysed parameters e.g. concentrations of ions (Szczepańska & Kmiecik 2005). Control limit lines (Upper Control Limit and Lower Control Limit) are usually determined as three standard deviations from the mean value. Control limit-crossing is named as a single signal (S). The presence of a single signal on the control chart could be a basis to question the accuracy of analysis (Szczepańska & Kmiecik 2005). To get more reliable chemical analysis results, they should be reported with their uncertainty. The uncertainty of measurement is a parameter that characterizes the analytical method and specify the confidence interval of true value. It’s an interval in which “the real” value should be with specified probability. The total uncertainty is calculated on the basis of the uncertainty of all parameters and actions/analytical process stages, which have an impact on the result of analysis e.g. sampling, methodology, transport (Kmiecik 2011). The uncertainty enhances the reliability of the results and helps to make correct decisions e.g. during groundwater chemical status assessment. The statistical tools are helpful in the interpretation of the results, especially when they are related to the current legislation. Meanwhile, the plots and maps are useful in the presentation of the results to people, who are not related to hydrogeology (e.g. investors).

5

The influence of high- and low-heeled shoes on balance in young women

Mika A., Oleksy Ł., Kielnar R., Świerczek M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 3

97--103

EN

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of two different heel heights on static balance and on limits of stability during functional reach test, with both the eyes open and eyes closed, in young women (age 22–27) who did not wear heeled shoes habitually. Methods: Thirtyone young women (age 22–27) performed balance tests on a stabilometric platform without footwear and in shoes with 4 cm and 10 cm heels. The center of pressure (COP) deviations range and velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions were assessed. The limits of stability were measured when the subject leaned the body in sagittal plane. Results: The ranges of COP deviations in AP and ML directions were already significantly higher in 4 cm heels in comparison to the barefoot condition. COP deviation velocity significantly raised with increasing heel height as well as when the eyes were closed. Conclusions: A more pronounced increase of COP deviation velocity than COP deviation range when measurement conditions become more difficult may indicate that young women anticipate postural corrections by stimulation of ankle proprioception when heeled shoes are worn. High-heeled shoes may lead to alterations in velocity feedback balance mechanism, which may increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Observed in our study adverse effect of heeled footwear on balance may predispose women to falls and injuries. Permanent use of stiletto high heels should be avoided by women.

6

Ocena stabilności stężeń kwasu metakrzemowego w wodach termalnych ujmowanych otworem Bańska PGP-1 w Bańskiej Niżnej

Mika A., Korzec K.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

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2015

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R. 54, nr 2

89--96

PL

Niniejsza praca prezentuje ocenę stabilności stężenia kwasu metakrzemowego w wodach termalnych ujmowanych otworem Bańska PGP-1 opartą na wynikach analiz uzyskanych w latach 2012–2015. Analiza statystyczna danych została wykonana w programie IBM SPSS Statistics v.23, zaś analiza trendów za pomocą programu GWSDAT (Jones, Spence 2013). Wykonana ocena wykazuje, że stężenie kwasu metakrzemowego w wodach z ujęcia Bańska PGP-1 jest stabilne.

EN

This paper presents an analysis of the concentration stability of metasilic acid in the thermal waters exploited by the Bańska PGP-1 well, using the results of the chemical composition conducted in the years 2012–2015. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v.23 and the assessment of trends was done by GWSDAT software (Jones, Spence 2013). This assessment shows that the concentration of metasilic acid in the thermal water from Bańska PGP-1 can be classified as stable.

7

Oscillator strength of optical transitions in InGaAsN/GaAsN/GaAs quantum wells

Mika A, Sek G, Ryczko K, Kozub M, Musial A, Marynski A, Misiewicz J, Langer F, Höfling S, Appel T, Kamp M, Forchel A

Optica Applicata

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2013

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Vol. 43, nr 1

53--60

EN

Experimental and theoretical considerations and results on the effect of nitrogen incorporation on the oscillator strength of optical transitions in InGaNAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) are presented. Therefore, a set of dilute nitride quantum well structures was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Optical investigation via spectroscopic methods have been performed at various temperatures for both the as-grown samples, and after rapid thermal annealing. The fundamental transition energy and its oscillator strength vs. the QW composition have been systematically investigated. Additionally, the effect of the bandgap discontinuities on the transitions intensity has also been considered. The experimental data have been confronted with the band structure calculations within the effective mass approximation employing a two level repulsion model for the nitrogen-containing structures. The obtained results are crucial for possible future applications employing the quantum well in cavity structures and bringing the practical exploitation of quantum electrodynamics phenomena to the telecommunication spectral range.

8

Composition of fatty acids and sterols composition in brown shrimp Crangon crangon and herring Clupea harengus membras from the Baltic Sea

Mika A., Gołębiowski M., Skorkowski E.F., Stepnowski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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Vol. 41, No. 2

57-64

EN

The composition and the content of lipids, fatty acids and sterols during spawning (spring) in different tissues of herring Clupea harengus membras were compared with quantities of lipid compounds in abdomen muscle of brown shrimp Crangon crangon. The largest quantity of fatty acids in lipids (93.7%), was observed in fish muscle. The liver was characterized by a higher content and variety of sterols (about 4.6 times more than in fish muscle), and in fish sperm, additional fatty acids were identified and the highest amount of EPA and DHA (22% and 34% of fatty acids, respectively) was recorded. The brown shrimp, despite its small size, contained significantly more lipids than the Baltic herring per g of tissues. Fatty acids were at the same level (83% of the total lipids in shrimp muscle and 93.7% in fish muscle), but the amount of sterols was significantly higher in the muscle of shrimp (5.50 š0.31 mg g-1, 17% of total sterols, n=10) than in fish muscle (1.33 š0.04 mg g-1, 6.3% of total lipids, n=6). And thus, shrimp is a good source of food for higher trophic levels, and in consequence – a good source of PUFAs for humans. With these results we prove that shrimp and herring play an important role in the supply of EFAs, which has great pharmaceutical and medical benefits.

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Autostrada globalna - projekt autostradowego połączenia Azji z Australią

Mika A., Lubera M.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

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2012

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Nr 2

18-20

PL

Pomysł połączenia całego świata jednolitą i współpracującą ze sobą siecią komunikacyjną od zawsze był marzeniem człowieka. Od zawsze też istniały techniczne przeszkody w jego realizacji. Dziś, dzięki rozwojowi inżynierii budowlanej, bariery te upadły, a jedyne, z czym musimy się zmagać, to bariery ludzkiej wyobraźni.

10

Effect of cadmium and glutathione on malic enzyme activity in brown shrimps (Crangon crangon) from the Gulf of Gdańsk

Niedźwiecka N., Mika A., Białk-Bielińska A., Stepnowski P., Skorkowski E.F.

Oceanologia

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2011

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No. 53 (3)

793-805

EN

The high level of cadmium in the abdominal muscle of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon is due to the serious pollution of the water in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The inhibition of malic enzyme (ME) activity by cadmium, and in consequence the reduced formation of NADPH, could interfere with cellular mechanisms for detoxifying the organism and reducing oxidative stress. The reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in the abdominal muscle of C. crangon was calculated to be 5.8 mM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the part played by GSH in the effect of cadmium on the activity of NADP-dependent malic enzyme from abdominal muscles of brown shrimps. This enzyme is activated by certain divalent cations (Mg, Mn). The results demonstrate that cadmium inhibits ME activity from shrimp muscle, and that GSH and albumin can reduce this cadmium-inhibited NADP-dependent malic enzyme activity.

11

Changes of bioelectrical activity in cervical paraspinal muscle during gait in low and high heel shoes

Mika A., Oleksy Ł., Mikołajczyk E., Marchewka A., Mika P.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2011

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Vol. 13, no. 1

27-33

EN

High heel footwear may be destructive for the spine because of an increased erector spinae muscle bioelectrical activity and increased ground reaction forces affecting lower limbs and the spine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of bioelectrical activity in cervical paraspinal muscle during gait in low and in high heel shoes in different age groups. In 31 women aged 20-25 years and in 15 women aged 45-55 years without neck pain, the bioelectrical activity of the cervical paraspinal muscle was assessed during gait on flat surface with natural speed in three conditions: without shoes, in low (4 cm) and in high (10 cm) heel shoes. Higher bioelectrical activity cervical paraspinal muscle was noted during gait in high heel shoes in comparison to gait without shoes. The changes were more pronounced in the group of subjects aged 45-55 years. The prolonged wearing of shoes with stiletto type heels by individuals without neck pain is not safe for their spine and may lead to chronic paraspinal muscle fatigue.

12

Rezystancja rozproszona bramki tranzystora MOS w zakresie b.w.cz.

Kordalski W., Mika A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału ETI Politechniki Gdańskiej. Technologie Informacyjne

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2008

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T. 16

507-512

PL

Zaproponowano małosygnałowy schemat zastępczy tranzystora MOS z uwzględnieniem rezystancji rozproszonej bramki w zakresie częstotliwości radiowych i mikrofalowych. Na podstawie wyników pomiarowych dokonano identyfikacji wartości rezystancji rozproszonej. Przeprowadzono analizę rozkładu nośników nadmiarowych wzdłuż kanału tranzystora i na jej bazie podano interpretację fizyczną zależności rezystancji rozproszonej od częstotliwości i długości kanału tranzystora.

EN

Non-quasi-static small-signal MOSFET in which gate spreading resistance is taken into account is proposed for RP and microwave frequency. Based on theoretical and experimental results, the gate spreading resistance is discussed and its dependence on the channel length and frequency is interpreted as well.

13

Gabionowy mur oporowy na terenie szkód górniczych

Kuc M., Mika A.

Materiały Budowlane

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2004

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nr 10

85-86