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Upwelling dynamics in the Baltic Sea studied by a combined SAR/infrared satellite data and circulation model analysis

Gurova E., Lehmann A., Ivanov A.

Oceanologia

2013

No. 55 (3)

687--707

Data from the space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the Envisat satellite and MODIS spectroradiometers on board the Terra/Aqua satellites, and the high resolution Sea Ice-Ocean Model of the Baltic Sea (BSIOM) have been used to investigate two upwelling events in the SE Baltic Sea. The combined analysis was applied to the upwelling events in July 2006 along the coasts of the Baltic States, and in June 2008 along the Polish coast and Hel Peninsula. Comparisons indicated good agreement between the sea surface temperatures and roughness signatures detected in satellite imagery and model results. It is shown that BSIOM can simulate upwelling events realistically. The utilization of modelled hydrodynamics and wind stress data together with SAR and SST information provides an extended analysis and deeper understanding of the upwelling processes in the Baltic Sea. During the active phase of upwelling when the wind is strong, the resulting coastal jet is controlled by vorticity dynamics related to depth variations in the direction of the flow. Typical upwelling patterns are related to the meandering coastal jet and thus associated with topographic features. The longshore transport of the coastal jet is of the order of 104 m3 s-1, and the offshore transport at the surface is of the order of 103 m3 s-1,, which respectively correspond to the total and largest river runoff to the Baltic Sea.

Remote-sensing observations of coastal sub-mesoscale eddies in the south-eastern Baltic

Gurova E., Chubarenko B.

Oceanologia

2012

No. 54 (4)

631-654

This paper presents an overview of the sub-mesoscale eddies observed in the coastal zone of the south-eastern Baltic near the shores of the Sambian Peninsula and the Curonian Spit based on CODAR (high-frequency coast-based radar) measurements and analysis of MODIS and ASAR satellite images for the period 30 March 2000-31 December 2011. It was found that when winds are predominantly SW, S or W, a wake eddy of varying size (up to 25 km in diameter) forms off Cape Taran and can cover the area between the shoreline and the 65 m isobath. Its longest lifetime, observed using MODIS images, was 6 days. Another location where coastal sub-mesoscale eddies (up to 10-15 km in diameter) of varying form regularly appear is the coastal slope near the southern and central part of the Curonian Spit.