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1 Journal of Ecological Engineering

1 2024

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Detection of Some Heavy Metals Used in the Surface Soil (Sediments) from Khirbet Al-Samra in Jordan

Alkhawaldeh Ahmad Khalf, Natsheh Iyad Y., Alsaleh Majd M, Shatnawi Mohamad, Shahrour Wesam, Majdalawi Majdi M., Alsarhan Ali Ata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 8

160--167

Spatial analysis was used to analyze the environmental quality of soil in the Al-Zarqa region in order to identify sources and estimate heavy metal concentrations, which aided in the assessment of soil quality and heavy metal pollution. The primary goal of this study was to assess the environmental impact of heavy metal pollutants in the Al-Zarqa region. To assess pollution levels, the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Cd, and Pb were measured in surface soil (sediment) samples collected from Khirbet al-Samra. A total of sixteen samples were analyzed. The elevated levels of Cu and Cd are primarily attributed to various sources such as the weathering of nearby rock formations and the release of agricultural waste materials. An evaluation of sediment contamination was conducted using pollution indicators including Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI). Spatial distribution analysis was used to determine the distribution pattern of each metal. The results revealed that metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, and Mn) are higher, while Cd concentrations are lower than the maximum allowed limits. The results from the EF analysis indicated elevated concentrations of Cu and Cd in the sampled area. In terms of the Igeo analysis of Khirbet al-Samra sediments, it was found that the concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Mn are within safe levels and relatively unaffected by human activities, whereas the concentrations of Cd exceed the mean values, suggesting a higher level of contamination specifically for cadmium. The potential sources of heavy metals in the investigated area were identified using factor analysis, and the geographical distribution of heavy metals was shown using spatial distribution. The examination of correlation coefficients revealed diverse relationships between the different parameters, depending on the source of input for each metal.