The kinetics of batch grinding and heat treated of ulexite using different size fractions (–3350+2360, –2360+1700, –1700+1180, 1180+850, –850+600, –600+425, –425+300, –300+212 and – 212+150 micrometers was determined using a standard Bond ball mill. It was found that breakage of ulexite follows the first order behavior for all feed sizes with the correlation coefficients equal to approximately 98%. The dry grinding of the single-sized fraction and heat treatment of ulexite showed that heat treatment samples were ground much faster than the original ulexite samples.
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In order to improve the cycling performance of LiMn2O4, the spinel phase LiMn2-xBaxO4 (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05) compounds were fabricated by the glycine-nitrate method. The structures of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical studies were carried out using the Li|LiMn2O4 and Li|LiMn2-xBaxO4 cells. The capacity loss of Li|LiMn2O4 cell is about 15% after 30 cycles, whereas that for Ba doped spinel materials (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05) are 7.5%, 3.5% and 1.8% respectively. The good capacity retention of LiMn2-xBaxO4 electrodes is attributed to stabilization of the spinel structure by Ba doping of Mn sites. Ba substituted spinals display better cycle performance in terms of cycle life compared with LiMn2O4.
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