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EN
The main stages of research development of researches into fracture mechanics and strength of materials in the second half of the XX century have been considered. The principal attention was paid to the analysis of the calculation models of limiting equilibrium of deformed solids, containing sharp stress concentrators (cracks), to the development of the methods of the stress intensity factor calculations, to the methods and means of experimental development of the material crack growth resistance, concepts of fatigue crack initiation and propagation and also to the processes of materials crumbling in the zone of two bodies cyclic contact. New approaches to establishing the period of fatigue macro-crack initiation at the stress concentrator, using the conventional v-K curves for the given material have been formulated. Some prospective problems in this field of science have been proposed.
EN
Using the modern concepts of fracture mechanics, the injection processes of crack-shaped defects in structural elements in different service conditions are modeled. The corresponding calculations, on the bases of which the degree of hardening of the damage structures by the injection technologies and parameters, which influence their efficiency, have been performed. The ways of optimization of injection technology of the damaged structural elements are established.
PL
Zamodelowana, przy użyciu nowoczesnych koncepcji mechaniki pękania, procesy wtryskiwania defektów w kształcie szczeliny do konstrukcyjnych elementów dla różnych warunków pracy. Przedstawiono odpowiednie obliczenia na podstawie których otrzymano stopień utwardzania elementów uszkodzonych w wyniku procesów wtryskiwania. Ustalono sposoby optymalizacji technologu wtryskiwania elementów konstrukcyjnych z uszkodzeniami.
EN
Corrosion fatigue emanating from semicircular notches is considered. The studies are focused on the relationship between stress field and electrochemistry in notches with the aim of understanding and prediction of the corrosion fatigue crack nucleation and growth behaviour from notch surface. It has been done for typical corrosive active system "low strength carbon steel - 3% NaCl solution", where the electrochemical metal dissolution plays a dominant role. The semicircular notch is considered both as stress concentrator and as local corrosion minicell. The early stages of corrosion fatigue at the notch bottom were determined and the existence of some critical crack density g* that causes an intensive crack coalescence and macrocrack creation has been shown. An expression predicting the formation on notch surface the characteristic density of corrosion fatigue cracks is derived as function of the synergistic action of cyclic stress and the corrosion process.
EN
The advances and tendencies in the development of investigations in physicochemical mechanics of materials are considered in the lecture. Principal regulations of the science of environment influence on the processes of materials deformation and fracture and on their crack growth resistance and strength are formulated, solutions of some applied problems are also given.
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