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Changes in the Distribution of Air Pollutants (Carbon Monoxide) during the Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Suhardono Sapta, Septiariva Iva Yenis, Rachmawati Siti, Matin Hashfi Hawali Abdul, Qona'ah Niswatul, Nirwana Bayu, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko, Sari Mega Mutiara, Prayogo Wisnu

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

151--162

EN

The condition of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 characterizing DKI Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta Provinces which have a high population density in 2019, necessitates implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) to control or break the chain of the spread of COVID-19. The LSSR policy that limits community activities, be it business activities, transportation, and the industrial sector, will impact social activities and the environment due to the reduced intensity of community activities. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in Jakarta, Surabaya and Yogyakarta during the pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. The method used is the tropospheric CO concentration extracted from the Sentinel-5P satellite data. The CO data were retrieved and calculated using Google Earth Engine. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced CO level by 19.7%, 14.9%, and 21%, respectively. The paired t-test shows no significant difference from before the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significance of 0.05. The highest pre-pandemic average and total CO concentration levels were 0.042 and 1.0198 mol/m2 in Yogyakarta, respectively, whereas the lowest during the pandemic were 0.02845 and 0.6828 mol/m2 in Surabaya. Overall, the three cities have a weak relationship between CO level and precipitation as well as temperatures and CO level.

2

Utilizing Pyrolysis of Plastic Debris for Refuse-Derived Fuel Production and Viable Substitute to Wood Debris

Mutiara Sari Mega, Inoue Takanobu, Harryes Regil Kentaurus, Septiariva Iva Yenis, Yokota Kuriko, Notodarmodjo Suprihanto, Kato Shigeru, Al Ghifari Rizal Muhammad, Suhardono Sapta, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko, Prayogo Wisnu, Arifianingsih Nur Novilina

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

133--142

EN

This research explores the viability of converting discarded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste into a valuable resource through the implementation of pyrolysis and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) technologies. The objective is to assess the potential of PET charcoal waste as an efficient source for RDF generation, surpassing the energy recovery and recycling potential of PET waste. The study introduces three RDF variants: RDF PET100, RDF PET50, and RDF PET0. RDF PET100 is comprised entirely of PET charcoal, RDF PET50 combines 50% PET charcoal with 50% wood debris, and RDF PET0 consists entirely of wood debris. Comprehensive assessments of water content, ash content, and calorific value were conducted to evaluate the quality of these RDF formulations. Results indicate that RDF PET100 exhibits a water content of 2.63%, ash content of 0.73%, and calorific value of 5,976 MJ/kg. Similarly, RDF PET50 showcases a water content of 3.6%, ash content of 1.05%, and calorific value of 5,587 MJ/kg. RDF PET0 presents a water content of 7.51%, ash content of 1.36%, and calorific value of 4,198 MJ/kg. The outcomes underline the potential of PET plastic waste repurposing through RDF and pyrolysis techniques. Particularly, RDF PET100 emerges as a high-caliber fuel option characterized by its minimal water and ash content, coupled with a substantial calorific value. This innovation holds promise in mitigating plastic waste challenges, particularly pertinent in the context of Indonesia.

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The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Waste Management in the Eastern Tourism Regions of Java and Bali Islands

Septiariva Iva Yenis, Sari Mega Mutiara, Istanabi Tendra, Suhardono Sapta, Prayogo Wisnu, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 3

1--9

EN

The tourism sector is one of the sectors that has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased waste generation is a significant problem that tourist areas must face during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, to reduce the impact, research was carried out on waste management before and during the pandemic in regional tourism areas, especially in the eastern part of Java and Bali. This study aims to analyze the changes and composition of waste and during the COVID-19 pandemic in tourist areas in the Eastern Tourism Areas of Java and Bali. Collecting, processing data, and statistical analysis carry out the research method. Based on the study results, the waste generation generated in eight eastern regencies of Java and Bali experienced a change between -5.67% to 1.82%. Plastic waste increased by 27.61% during the pandemic, while mask waste increased by 1.23% in one area. Waste management also changed from -0.011% to 1.821%. The analysis results using ANOVA showed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the amount of waste generated by the eight tourist areas, with the main contribution caused by an increase in mask waste.

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Comparison of Solid Waste Generation During and Before Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia Border Island (Riau Islands Province, Indonesia)

Sari Mega Mutiara, Septiariva Iva Yenis, Istanabi Tendra, Suhardono Sapta, Sianipar Imelda Masni Juniaty, Tehupeiory Aarce, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

251--260

EN

Waste in the archipelagic border area must be appropriately managed to maintain diplomatic relations. Indonesia’s Riau Islands Province is an archipelagic region in Indonesia with limited solid waste infrastructure development. The capacity of the waste infrastructure depends on the rate of waste generation and is influenced by the socioeconomic conditions of the community. This study aims to study the model for estimating the rate of waste generation in the Riau Islands. This study uses data before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019 and 2020. The estimation model uses a multiple linear regression model with independent variables such as gross regional domestic product, access sanitation, total population, and human development index. The fixed variable is the incidence of waste generation rate. During the pandemic Covid-19, the generation and composition of waste in the Riau Islands Archipelago did not experience significant changes, so the waste generation and composition characteristics are the same. However, the variable human development index (0.053) and the population (0.012) significantly increase the waste generation rate. The gross regional domestic product (0.017) negatively correlates, reducing the waste generation rate. The Riau Islands, which has an ocean area of 96%, is a source of life and significant to manage because the waste can be released into the ocean. Therefore, management from sources through policies considering the gross regional domestic product, total population, and human development index needs to be considered to reduce waste generation in the archipelago.

5

Identification of Face Mask Waste Generation and Processing in Tourist Areas with Thermo-Chemical Process

Sari Mega Mutiara, Inoue Takanobu, Septiariva Iva Yenis, Suryawan I Wayan Koko, Shigeru Kato, Harryes Regil Kentaurus, Yokota Kuriko, Notodarmojo Suprihanto, Suhardono Sapta, Ramadan Bimastyaji Surya

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 2

79--85

EN

The very high need for personal protective equipment (PPE) impacts the waste generated after using these tools. Therefore, to deal with mask waste during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was carried out on the processing of mask waste using a thermal process and studied how the potential of this process was for the effectiveness of mask waste processing during the pandemic. This research was conducted on Honeymoon Beach by collecting data on mask waste generated during the pandemic, then measuring the waste proximate, ultimate, and calorific value and testing the thermal process using TGA and Piro GC-MS measurements. Most waste masks found on Honeymoon Beach are non-reusable masks, 94.74%, while reusable masks are 5.26%. The waste is then subjected to thermal processing and analysis using TGA and Piro GC-MS. Based on the data obtained, the thermal process can reduce the mass of non-reusable and reusable mask samples by 99.236% and 88.401%, respectively. The results of the Piro GC-MS analysis show that the lit mask waste will produce fragments of compounds that can be reused as fuel. The process is simple and easy and produces residues that can be reused to reduce environmental pollution due to waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.