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1
Content available remote Zastosowanie metod zaawansowanego utleniania jako drugiego etapu oczyszczania ścieków pralniczych
Kuźmiński K., Grzechulska-Damszel J., Zając K., Morawski A. W., Janus M.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2016
|
T. 95, nr 11
2210--2215
PL
Zbadano efektywność metod zaawansowanego utleniania (fotolizy, fotokatalizy oraz ozonowania) w procesie rozkładu anionowego związku powierzchniowo czynnego, jakim był dodecylobezenosulfonian sodu. Zbadano również wpływ procesów zaawansowanego utleniania na stopień oczyszczania rzeczywistych ścieków pralniczych oczyszczonych wstępnie metodami biologicznymi. Wykazano, że efektywność zastosowanych procesów jest większa w przypadku oczyszczania modelowego roztworu surfaktantu niż w przypadku oczyszczania rzeczywistych ścieków pralniczych. Odpowiednie łączenie metod zaawansowanego utleniania jest dobrym sposobem na osiągnięcie znacznego zmniejszenia stężenia związków organicznej w ściekach w stosunkowo krótkim czasie.
EN
Aq. soln. of Na dodecylbenzenesulfonate and biolog. pretreated laundry wastewater were purified by advanced oxidn. (photolysis, photocatalysis, ozonation) under UV irradn. with 2 types of light source (medium and high pressure UV lamps). The use of medium pressure UV lamp was more effective than the monochromatic low pressure one. The highest redn. level of total org. was 86% after 6 h of UV irradn.
2
Content available remote Nadanie właściwości fotokatalitycznych gipsowym materiałom budowlanym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odpadowych gipsów z odsiarczania spalin
Zając K., Janus M., Kuźmiński K., Morawski A. W.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2016
|
T. 95, nr 11
2222--2226
PL
Przedstawiono możliwości otrzymania fotokatalitycznych gipsów z gipsu odpadowego otrzymanego z instalacji odsiarczania spalin. Wykazano że niewielki dodatek ditlenku tytanu do matrycy gipsowej umożliwia rozkład uciążliwych zanieczyszczeń znajdujących się w powietrzu kontaktującym się z powierzchniami gipsowymi. Zastosowanie odpadowego materiału gipsowego, pochodzącego z instalacji odsiarczania spalin, jako materiału bazowego, okazało się nie tylko rozwiązaniem ekologicznym, ale także prowadzącym do lepszych wyników niż gdy materiałem bazowym był gips otrzymany z kamienia gipsowego. Parametry wytrzymałościowe oraz żywotność nowych modyfikowanych gipsów wskazały na ich wysoki potencjał aplikacyjny.
EN
Gypsum-based building materials consisting of (i) waste gypsum recovered via flue-gas desulfurization or (ii) com. gypsum were modified by addn. of TiO2 photocatalyst. The (i) and (ii) samples with various TiO2 content (1–10% by mass) were studied for photocatalytic activity in NO degrdn. and mech. properties (compressive strength under dry and wet conditions). Firstly, the TiO2 presence in gypsum matrix resulted in NO photocatalytic degrdn. (40.4–67.9% and 34.1–63.5% for (i) and (ii), resp.), increasing with TiO2 loading. Secondly, the TiO2/gypsum mass ratio 2–3% did not influence significantly on compressive strength. Thirdly, using (i) provided better results in comparison to (ii), in both photocatalytic and mech. properties. The optimum mixt. was (i) with 3% by mass of TiO2 (58% NO degrdn.). It had higher compressive strength than the unmodified (ii) (9.44 vs. 8.83 and 3.02 vs. 2.92 under dry and wet conditions, resp.) and a longer lifecycle time.
3
Content available Preliminary studies of photocatalytic activity of gypsum plasters containing TiO2 co-modified with nitrogen and carbon
Janus M., Bubacz K., Zatorska J., Kusiak-Nejman E., Czyżewski A., Morawski A. W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2015
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Vol. 17, nr 2
96--102
EN
The conducted studies were focused on the development of the gypsum material exhibiting self-cleaning properties. To this end, the raw gypsum was mixed with unique TiO2-based photocatalysts, previously modified by nitrogen and/ or carbon doping. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained gypsum plasters was evaluated trough the degradation of model organic compound (Reactive Red 198) under UV-vis irradiation. The impact of the photocatalysts presence on the physicochemical properties of the obtained gypsum plasters was evaluated. Furthermore, the role of non-metals presence on the photocatalytic properties of the TiO2 was determined. It was confirmed that the addition of N,C co-modified titanium dioxide into gypsum bestows this material with self-cleaning properties. The highest dye removal rate was displayed by the gypsum plaster containing optimal amount (10 wt%) of co-modified TiO2/N,C photocatalyst, after 20 hours of UV-vis irradiation.
4
Content available NOx photocatalytic degradation on gypsum plates modified by TiO2-N,C photocatalysts
Janus M., Bubacz K., Zatorska J., Kusiak-Nejman E., Czyżewski A., Morawski A. W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2015
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Vol. 17, nr 3
8--12
EN
In presented studies the photocatalytic decomposition of NOx on gypsum plates modified by TiO2-N,Cphotocatalysts were presented. The gypsum plates were obtained by addition of 10 or 20 wt.% of different types of titanium dioxide, such as: pure TiO2 and carbon and nitrogen co-modified TiO2 (TiO2-N,C) to gypsum. TiO2-N,C photocatalysts were obtained by heating up the starting TiO2 (Grupa Azoty Zakłady Chemiczne Police S.A) in the atmosphere of ammonia and carbon at the temperature: 100, 300 i 600ºC. Photocatalyst were characterized by FTIR/DRS, UVVis/DR, BET and XRD methods. Moreover the compressive strength tests of modified gypsum were also done. Photocatalytic activity of gypsum plates was done during NOx decomposition. The highest photocatalytic activity has gypsum with 20 wt.% addition of TiO2-N,C obtained at 300ºC.
5
Content available Removal of palladium(II) from aqueous chloride solutions with cyphos phosphonium ionic liquids as metal ion carriers for liquid-liquid extraction and transport across polymer inclusion membranes
Regel-Rosocka M., Rzelewska M., Baczynska M., Janus M., Wisniewski M.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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2015
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Vol. 51, iss. 2
621--631
EN
This paper presents an application of three phosphonium ionic liquids for removal of Pd(II) ions from aqueous chloride solutions with liquid-liquid extraction and transport across polymer inclusion membranes (PIM). Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride and bromide (Cyphos IL 101 and 102) and bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) were investigated as carriers of Pd(II) from aqueous chloride media. Extraction of Pd(II) with Cyphos IL 102 has not been previously described in the literature. Cyphos IL 102 used for the first time as metal ion carrier, efficiently extracts palladium(II) ions both with liquid-liquid extraction and PIM. NaCl concentration does not affect Pd(II) extraction with Cyphos IL 102, while increasing HCl content in the feed aqueous phase causes decrease in extraction efficiency. Stripping of Pd(II) with 0.5 M NH4OH is efficient (84 to 90%) and the organic phase after stripping could be reused for extraction. For PIM transport the highest values of the normalized initial flux are obtained for CTA membrane containing Cyphos IL 101 and a receiving phase: mixture 0.1 thiourea + 0.5 M HCl. It is indicated that initial flux does not determine the final result of the transport through the membranes because from the separation point of view, the most important is a complete transport of the solute to the receiving phase, described by the Pd(II) recovery factor.
6
Content available remote Fotoaktywne materiały budowlane
Janus M.
Materiały Budowlane
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2015
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nr 6
102--104
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań dotyczące fotokatalitycznej aktywności modyfikowanych materiałów budowlanych. Testowanymi materiałami były płytki betonowe, płytki gipsowe oraz cegły. Modyfikacja polegała na dodaniu 1, 5, 10 i 20% wag. fotokatalizatorów na bazie TiO2 do betonu, gipsu i gliny. Fotokatalizatory otrzymano w wyniku modyfikacji TiO2 węglem i azotem. Źródłem węgla był metanol, etanol lub izopropanol, zaś źródłem azotu był amoniak. Temperatura modyfikacji wynosiła 100, 300 i 600 °C. Fotoaktywność płytek betonowych i gipsowych była testowana podczas rozkładania barwnika monoazowego Czerwień Reaktywna 198, natomiast fotoaktywność cegieł podczas rozkładania kwasu oleinowego. Najwyższą fotokatalityczną aktywność osiągały materiały budowlane z 10% wagowym dodatkiem fotokatalizatorów. Do modyfikacji betonu najlepszym fotokatalizatorem był fotokatalizator modyfikowany metanolem w 300 °C, do modyfikacji gipsu fotokatalizator modyfikowany etanolem w 100 °C, zaś do modyfikacji cegieł najlepszy okazał się TiO2 modyfikowany metanolem w 100 °C.
EN
In this study the photocatalytic activity of modified building materials were presented. Concrete plates, gypsum plates and bricks were tested. 1, 5, 10 and 20wt% of photocatalyst on TiO2 base were introduced to concrete, gypsum and clay. Photocatalysts were obtained by modification of TiO2 by carbon and nitrogen. The source of carbon were: methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the source of nitrogen was gaseous ammonia. Modification temperature amounted 100, 300 and 600 °C. Photocatalytic activity of concrete and gypsum plates were tested during monoazo dye Reactive Red 198 decomposition. Photocatalytic activity of brick was tested during oleic acid decomposition. The best photocatalytic activity had building materials with 10wt% of photocatalysts addition. For concrete modification photocatalyst modified by methanol at 300 °C was the best, for gypsum - photocatalyst modified by ethanol at 100 °C and for bricks the best one was photocatalyst modified by methanol at 100 °C.
7
Content available remote Reaktory fotokatalityczne do oczyszczania wody i ścieków
Brożek P., Janus M., Morawski A. W., Mozia S.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2013
|
T. 92, nr 10
1929-1936
PL
Wśród najnowszych technologii, intensywnie rozwijanych w ostatnich kilkudziesięciu latach, znalazła się fotokataliza, będąca jednym z zaawansowanych procesów utleniania. Przedstawiono podstawy fotokatalizy heterogenicznej oraz przegląd opisanych w literaturze reaktorów fotokatalitycznych, stosowanych do usuwania zanieczyszczeń z wody. Omówiono podział fotoreaktorów, z uwzględnieniem sposobu pracy, źródła promieniowania oraz sposobu wprowadzenia fotokatalizatora. Przedstawiono przykładowe reaktory laboratoryjne oraz zaprezentowano obecny stan badań i rozwoju w obszarze reaktorów pilotażowych.
EN
A review, with 74 refs., of lab. and pilot-scale photoreactors with various sources of irradn. and manners of photocatalyst application.
8
Content available Photocatalytic properties of transparent TiO2 coatings doped with neodymium
Wojcieszak D., Kaczmarek D., Domaradzki J., Mazur M., Morawski A. W., Janus M., Prociów E., Gemmellaro P.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2012
|
Vol. 14, nr 3
1-7
EN
In this work photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin fi lms doped with 8.51 at. % of Nd were described. The self-cleaning phenomenon of thin fi lms was discussed together with the structural, optical and surface properties of prepared thin fi lms. Transparent coatings based on titanium dioxide were manufactured by high-energy reactive magnetron sputtering process. Incorporation of Nd during sputtering process results in amorphous behavior, without a signifi cant infl uence on transparency and colour as compared to the undoped TiO2-rutile matrix. Nevertheless, doping with neodymium doubles the photocatalytic activity of the matrix due to higher quantity of photo-generated charge carriers and more effi cient mechanism of energy transfer.
9
Content available remote Disinfection of E. coli by carbon modified TiO2 photocatalysts
Janus M., Markowska-Szczupak A., Kusiak-Nejman E., Morawski A. W.
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 38, nr 2
89--97
EN
Photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli by carbon modified TiO 2 photocatalysts was tested under UV and visible light irradiation. Carbon modification of TiO2 in a pressure reactor was conducted at 120°C for 4 h. For modification purposes, five alcohols were used (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol). The amount of carbon in photocatalysts was calculated with a termogravimetric analyser. It was found that photocatalysts with low content of carbon have better antibacterial ability under visible light irradiation and photocatalysts with higher content of carbon have better antibacterial ability under UV light irradiation.
10
Content available TiO2 modified by ammonia as a long lifetime photocatalyst for dyes decomposition
Choina J., Dolat D., Kusiak E., Janus M., Morawski A. W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2009
|
Vol. 11, nr 4
1-6
EN
Ammonia-modified TiO2 (TiO2/N), prepared in a pressure reactor was used as the well- active and longlife photocatalyst for the azo dye (Reactive Red 198) decomposition. The effect of aeration and the different value of the pH of the reaction medium on the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 198 in water has been investigated. It has been reported that the degradation is greatly influenced by the reaction pH and the faster decomposition of azo dye took place at pH 3.5. When the solution was acidic, a larger amount of azo dye on the positively charged surface of TiO2 photocatalysts was adsorbed. From the obtained results it can be seen that the effectiveness of the decolourisation of the solution was faster by using the nitrogen-modified TiO2.
11
Content available Carbon modified TiO2 photocatalysts for water purification
Morawski A. W., Janus M., Tryba B., Toyoda M., Tsumura T., Inagaki M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2009
|
Vol. 11, nr 2
46-50
EN
Carbon can form different structures with TiO2: carbon-doped TiO2, carbon coated TiO2 and composites of TiO2 and carbon. The presence of carbon layer on the surface of TiO2 as well as the presence of porous carbon in the composites with TiO2 can increase the concentration of organic pollutants on the surface of TiO2, facilitating the contact of the reactive species with the organic molecules. Carbon-doped TiO2 can extend the absorption of the light to the visible region by the narrowing of the band gap and makes the photocatalysts active under visible light irradiation. TiO2 loaded carbon can also work as a photocatalyst, on which the molecules are adsorbed in the pores of carbon and then they undergo the photocatalytic decomposition with UV irradiation. Enhanced photocatalytic activity for the destruction of some organic compounds in water was noticed on the carbon coated TiO2 and TiO2 loaded activated carbon, mostly because of the adsorptive role of carbon. However, in carbon-doped TiO2, the role of carbon is somewhat different, the replacement of carbon atom with Ti or oxygen and formation of oxygen vacancies are responsible for extending its photocatalytic activity towards the visible range.
12
Content available Dye decomposition on P25 with enhanced adsorptivity
Janus M., Wawrzyniak B., Tryba B., Morawski A. W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2008
|
Vol. 10, nr 2
11-16
EN
The preparation method and the activity of the TiO2-P25/N doped photocatalyst based on commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2 AeroxideŽ P-25 Degussa, Germany) are presented. For the TiO2-P25/N preparation TiO2-P25 and gaseous ammonia were kept in a pressure reactor (10 bars) for 4 hours at the temperature of 200°C. This modification process changed the chemical structure of the TiO2 surface. The formation of NH4+ groups was confirmed by the FTIR measurements. Two bands in the range of ca. 1430 - 1440 cm-1 attributed to bending vibrations of NH4+ could be observed on the FTIR spectra of the catalysts modified with ammonia and the band attributed to the hydroxyl groups at 3300 - 3500 cm-1, which were not reduced after N-doping. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was checked through the decomposition of two dyes under visible light irradiation. The modified TiO2 thus prepared samples were more active than TiO2-P25 for the decomposition of dyes under visible light irradiation.
13
Content available Preparation of the TiO2 photocatalyst using pressurized ammonia
Wawrzyniak B., Janus M., Grzmil B., Morawski A. W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2007
|
Vol. 9, nr 1
51-56
EN
The industrial hydrated amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2 ź xH2O) was modified by treatment inside a chemical reactor under elevated pressure at low temperatures for 4 hours in an ammonia atmosphere. On the basis of the FTIR/DRS analysis the presence of nitrogen was confirmed. The XRD patterns of all of the catalysts exhibit mainly the diffraction lines of anatase phases. The photocatalytic activity of the modified photocatalysts was determined and compared to TiO2-P25 (Degussa, Germany). The high rate of phenol and dye degradation was obtained for the catalysts modified at 180°/5atm. TiO2-P25 showed similar activity in phenol decomposition like TiO2-15bar, whereas it was more active in dye decomposition.
14
Zastosowanie lampy wyładowczej do fotokatalitycznego oczyszczania wody i ścieków.
Subocz J., Morawski A., Kowalski W., Janus M.
Prace Naukowe Instytutu Podstaw Elektrotechniki i Elektrotechnologii Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje
|
2006
|
Vol. 44, nr 18
96-98
PL
Artykuł omawia wstępne wyniki badań procesu oczyszczania wody z barwników, substancji organicznych oraz ropopochodnych w pilotowej instalacji o przepływie 100 l/min. Źródłem promieniowania UV była wysokonapięciowa lampa rtęciowa o mocy 18 kW, którą zasilano z energoelektronicznego zasilacza typu UVINAV. Jako fotokatalizator zastosowano anatazową formę TiO2. Ważną cechą instalacji jest wykorzystanie generowanego przez lampę ozonu do wstępnego oczyszczania wody w procesie barbotażu. Całość instalacji objęta jest ochrona patentową.
EN
This paper describes preliminary results of research on treatment of water contaminated with dyes, organic and petroleum pollutants in pilot-scale plant with flow of 100 1/min. The source of UV radiation was high voltage mercury lamp (18 kW) powered with power-electronic supply UVINAV. As the photocatalyst TiO2 was used. Significant feature of this system is usage of ozone generated by lamp to preliminary purification of water in barbotage process. The treatment system is protected by patent.
15
Decomposition of Ionic Liquids by Photocatalysis
Morawski A., Janus M., Goc-Maciejewska I., Syguda A., Pernak J.
Polish Journal of Chemistry
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2005
|
Vol. 79 / nr 12
1929-1935
EN
Amethod for the decomposition of ionic liquid (ILs) by photocatalysis has been demonstrated. The participation of ILs in light absorption by TiO2 was shown. The IL molar mass influence on photocatalytic decomposition was proven. The samples with a lower molarmass had higher stability under UVlight in the presence of TiO2. The degree of decomposition depends upon the cation and anion. The easiest to degrade proved to be ILs with a long alkyl substituent. Ammonium ILs (choline derivatives) with hydroxyl group proved to bemore stable than with acetyl group. Themost readily decomposable salts are phosphonium ionic liquids.
16
Content available remote TiO2-nitrogen doped for both the UV and Visible light photocatalysis
Morawski A. W., Janus M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2005
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Vol. 7, nr 3
81-86
EN
The investigation on incorporating the nitrogen group into titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) in order to obtain a visible-light active TiO2-xNx photocatalyst was performed. Titanium dioxide was modified by a heat treatment at different temperatures (450, 500 and 550°C) in ammonia atmosphere for 3, 6, 8 or 10 hours, respectively. The presence of the nitrogen groups on the catalyst surface was determined by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The amount of the nitrogen built in TiO2 was determined on the basis of the thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). It was found that the modification of TiO2 with ammonia resulted in a shift of the absorption spectrum of TiO2 towards solar spectrum wavelength (lmax = 479 nm; EG = 2.59 eV). The sample of the highest photoactivity contained ca. 2% of nitrogen. The modification of titanium dioxide with nitrogen increases the range of practical applications of TiO2 in water treatment processes due to the enhancement of its activity under both UV and visible light. This gives the possibility to utilize the solar light.
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