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Odkrycie złóż oraz początki górnictwa węgla brunatnego w Zielonej Górze

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2018

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R. 63, nr 4

21--45

EN

The work describes the discovery of lignite deposits by C.A. Pohlez in 1838 near Zielona Góra that initiated extraction of this mineral coal by several mines. Exploitation of lignite in Zielona Góra and its neighbourhood was taking place in the years 1841-1948. The article describes only the first years of mining and creation of the Gewerkschaft “Consolidierte Grünberger Gruben”, which embraced almost all mines in the vicinity. Extraction of lignite was conducted in the Wilkanowo and Słone villages near Zielona Góra, and also in the western part of the city. The text describes areas where particular mines belonging to the Gewrkschaft worked and presents well-known locations of the oldest mineshafts. It also presents available historical maps containing data on mining in the area of Zielona Góra and, on the basis of few preserved source materials and the 19th-century geological and mining literature, certain data concerning employment and the amount of extraction. The article introduces us also to the economic situation of the 19th-century Gewerkschaft.

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Historyczne mapy górnicze źródłem danych geologicznych – przykład interpretacji struktur glacitektonicznych z terenu Zielonej Góry

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A., Szczepankowska M.

Hereditas Minariorum

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2018

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Vol. 5

251--260

PL

Praca przedstawia analizę przedwojennych map górniczych, którą wykonano dla fragmentu terenu Zielonej Góry. Mapy te zawierają dane dotyczące położenia eksploatowanego pokładu węgla i oparte są na bezpośrednich pomiarach w pokładzie. Na ich podstawie wykreślono przekroje geologiczne, pokazujące przestrzenne położenie pokładu węgla brunatnego, a co za tym idzie, struktur glacitektonicznych. Typ oraz przebieg struktur uzyskanych z analiz map jest generalnie zgodny ze schematem budowy geologicznej, jaką zaprezentowano na Szczegółowej Mapie Geologicznej Polski (łuski i fałdy o biegu SW-NE), stwierdzono jednak dodatkowo glacitektoniczne zaburzenia drugorzędne.

EN

A part of lignite deposits which occur in Lubusz Province relates to glacetectonically disturbed structures. In the case of Zielona Góra, it is a moraine formed during the Warta glaciation. Glacitectonic deformations caused the formation of lignite seams. The consequence of these deformations is the spatially variable and difficult to interpret geological structure. Lignite mines, which operated in the area of Zielona Góra until 1946, provide a lot of data on the Miocene deposits containing lignite. Mining maps indicate, among others, the layout of mine galleries and the range of old working. This allows a fairly accurate reproduction of the structure of glacitectonic structures, because the lignite layer is their most readable part. For the fragment of Zielona Góra (near Godlewskiego Street, south-west part of the town) the analysis of available mining maps in the scale 1:1000 was performed, comparing the results with data available from drillings and the general geological model. On the basis of mining maps containing measurements made directly in the lignite seam, simplified geological cross-sections were drawn up showing the lignite deposits. Despite the fact that the maps provide data referring to the lignite seam exclusively, they enabled drawing up geological cross-sections showing the layout of glacitectonic structures. The lignite seam is located within the deformed Miocene sediments, so knowing its location, it is possible to reconstruct the layout of glacitectonic structures and the type of deformation. According to the information found the seam is about 70 m deep. The deposit forms an anticline (so-called saddle) several dozen meters wide. The northern wing of the anticline is situated at a large angle, sometimes is even vertical, while the southern wing is situated at an angle of around 30-40 degrees. Furthermore, secondary foldings, which form a depression at the apex of the anticline, were found. The prior interpretation of glacitectonic structures, presented on geological maps and in various papers related to the geological structure of Zielona Góra, was based on data from drillings, as well as (in a substantial minority) on open pits, for example in nearby clay mines. This interpretation was very difficult, especially in the case of a small number of deep drillings. The analysis of data referring to the location of the lignite seam, obtained from mining maps confirms the general geological structure. The analysis of mining maps shows that the width (understood as the distance between the wings) of the anticlines present in the discussed area does not usually exceed 100 m. In addition, these anticlines are also characterized by secondary deformations. Glacitectonic structures visible on the obtained cross-sections are fully consistent with the deformation model presented by Kupetz.

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Historyczne górnictwo węgla brunatnego w okolicy Górzycy (powiat słubicki)

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2017

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nr 167 (47)

101--116

PL

W pracy zawarto dostępne informacje na temat kopalń węgla brunatnego w okolicy Górzycy, powiat słubicki. Górnictwo to funkcjonowało w latach 1850-1938. Opisano pokrótce historię poszczególnych kopalń: „Lord”, „Karl Ferdinand”, „Humboldt” oraz „Finke”. Scharakteryzowano także warunki geologiczne oraz sposób prowadzenia wydobycia. Praca oparta jest na historycznych mapach geologicznych oraz topograficznych, a także zachowanych dokumentach nadań górniczych.

EN

The paper presents available information about history of lignite mining in region of Górzyca (north-west part of Ziemia Lubuska -West Poland). Lignite mines operated here in years 1850-1938. The paper describes briefly the history of particular mines:„Lord”, „Karl Ferdinand”, „Humboldt” and „Finke”. Also underground mining in complicated geological condition (glaciotectonic deformations) was presented. The paper is based on remained German archival materials and also historical map: geological and topographic.

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W poszukiwaniu najstarszej kopalni węgla brunatnego na Ziemi Lubuskiej

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 9

549--554

EN

The paper presents available information about the beginnings of lignite mining in Ziemia Lubuska, western Poland. After studies on remained German archival materials from “Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt” and German literature from the 19th century, some new data about the oldest mining has been found. The oldest acts of conferment of mining fields (“Mutung”) in the discussed region refer to the field “Caroline” field in Glisno of 1820. The paper presents the history of the oldest mine in the Ziemia Lubuska region, i.e. “Caroline & Herrmann” in Glisno near of Sulęcin. The mine functioned in the years 1820–1862 and later as “Consolidierte Max” untill 1869. The paper also describes the discovery of lignite deposits in the 19th century near Sulęcin, focusing on the detailed history of the village of Glisno, which was closely connected with lignite. In the 19th century, in addition to a lignite mine, a silk factory operated in Glisno, which used lignite to steam production, and a famous lignite-silt-spa located in a palace. The history of mining in Glisno has been almost completely forgotten. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of preserved archival or literature materials relating to the mine.

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Ił zawęglony : właściwości geologiczno-inżynierskie mioceńskiego gruntu organicznego występującego w deformacjach glacitektonicznych na terenie Zielonej Góry

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 10/2

856--863

EN

The paper presents the characteristic of peculiar Miocene soil which occurs in Zielona Góra. Geological structure of Zielona Góra is determined by glaciotectonic disturbances. Shallow occurrence ofMiocene sediments, as clays or lignite, is connected with a structure called Wal Zielonogórski. This is a moraine formed in Warthe glaciation and built from Miocene and old-Pleistocene sediments. The height of the moraine is about 150 m. Lignite clay contains high amount of lignite silt (organic material); hence should be classified as an organic soil. Some laboratory tests (oedometer tests, organic material content, index of swelling) andfield tests (Cone Penetration Test) were done. The results show that the strength parameters of lignite clay are close to "clear” clay. The findings show that lignite clay cannot be recognized as a non-carrying soil although high amount oforganic material. Oedometer test results allow to design building foundation with standard continuousfooting. The occurrence of lignite clay in subsoil in Zielona Góra always indicates the glaciotectonic deformation and high soil variety, hence such area should be investigated more carefully, with an increased number ofdrilling and probing points.

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Historyczne górnictwo węgla brunatnego w okolicach Gubina

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A.

Hereditas Minariorum

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2017

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Vol. 4

109--121

PL

Opisano historię wydobycia węgla brunatnego, jaka miała miejsce w latach 1848–1927 w Gubinie i okolicach. Działało tam kilkanaście niewielkich kopalń głębinowych, eksploatujących węgiel metodą komorowo-filarową na zawał. Znajdowały się one głównie w północnej oraz wschodniej części miasta. Eksploatacji podlegały tzw. siodła – glacitektoniczne fałdy zbudowane z osadów mioceńskich, w obrębie których znajduje się pokład węgla brunatnego „Henryk”. Gubińskie kopalnie nie pozostawiły żadnych materialnych śladów, oprócz deformacji terenu. Odegrały jednak bardzo ważną rolę w dziejach miasta, umożliwiając szybki rozwój przemysłu włókienniczego. Artykuł przedstawia odkrycie węgla w okolicy Gubina oraz początki górnictwa. Opisano także pokrótce losy trzech najważniejszych kopalń: „Guben und Feller”, „Gottes Hülfe” oraz „Am nassen Fleck”. Przedstawiono także warunki geologiczne, w jakich funkcjonowały kopalnie.

EN

The paper presents history of lignite mining in Gubin in years 1848–1927. There were over a dozen underground lignite mines which operated with room and pillar retreat method. They were located in northern and eastern parts of the city. Mines exploited so-called saddles – glaciotectonical anticlines built from Miocene deposits (including lignite layer “Henryk”). Gubin’s mines have left no material remains, except surface deformations. They played very important role in the history of the city allowing fast development of textile industry and the whole city. The paper describes briefly the discovery of lignite deposits and the beginnings of mining in the 19th century near Gubin. It also shows the geological condition of Gubin’s lignite. It also presents the short history of the three most important mines: ”Guben und Feller”, ”Gottes Hülfe” and ”Am nassen Fleck”.

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Geological and seismic investigation of former lignite mining area in Zielona Góra – two case studies

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A., Kłosiński J.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2017

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z. 64, nr 2/I

311--326

EN

The article presents two case studies of investigation carried out on plots of land, intended for multi-family residential development, lying on a former lignite mining area in Zielona Gora. It was underground mining, operating in the years 1840- 1948. Lignite deposits were extracted with the room and pillar method, i.e. with an overlayer collapse, causing deformations on the surface of the ground. In the first case study, there was no detailed mining data. In order to identify the geological structure under the planned seven-floor multi-family building, seismic surveys were performed with the technique of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). Three seismic profiles were performed. They revealed the presence of several zones where S-waves had smaller velocity values. In order to verify whether the zones with the smaller values of velocity correspond to e.g. lower soil density resulting from collapsed exploitation room, some drillings were undertaken to the depth indicated in geophysical investigation. Additionally, the CPT and dynamic probing were also performed. The data obtained allowed to determine the soil parameters necessary for the safe design and foundation of the building. In the second case study, a historical mining map with the marked location of the shaft and the main galleries was used. Formerly, geological and engineering documentation for construction works had been prepared, based on 30-meter drillings and soundings with a heavy probe. The mining maps and the contemporary maps were mapped one on another carefully and accurately, calibrated with historic buildings. Thus, the accuracy of 5 m was obtained. Additionally, investigation with the MASW technique was performed. Ten seismic profiles were performed, and then verified by drillings. Also, dynamic probing in the vicinity of the expected location of the shaft was performed. Neither the MASW investigation nor the dynamic probing did not reveal any alterations in the soil condition, which would suggest the presence of the properly liquidated shaft. Thus, based exclusively on the cartographic material, the area comprising the liquidated and backfilled shaft was established. The area was excluded from the plans for the intended building erection.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia badania, jakie przeprowadzono na dwóch przykładowych działkach przeznaczonych dla zabudowy wielorodzinnej leżących na terenie dawnego górnictwa węgla brunatnego w Zielonej Górze. Było to górnictwo podziemne, działające w latach 1840-1948. Węgiel 326 A. Gontaszewska-Piekarz, J. Kłosiński brunatny eksploatowany był metodą filarowo – komorową, na zawał, powodując powstawania na powierzchni deformacji terenu. Dla niektórych fragmentów miasta zachowały się mapy górnicze. W pierwszym przypadku brak było szczegółowych danych górniczych. W celu rozpoznania budowy geologicznej pod projektowany budynek wielorodzinny, 7-kondygnacyjny wykonano geofizyczne badania sejsmiczne techniką wielokanałowej analizy fal powierzchniowych MASW. Wykonano 3 profile sejsmiczne. Wykazały one kilka niewielkich stref cechujących się niższymi wartościami prędkości fal sejsmicznych poprzecznych S. W celu weryfikacji, czy strefy obniżeń prędkości związane są np. z obniżonym zagęszczeniem gruntu wskutek zawału stropu nad komorami eksploatacyjnymi wykonano odwierty do głębokości wskazanej badaniami geofizycznymi. Wykonano także sondowania sondą CPTu oraz sondowania dynamiczne. Uzyskane dane pozwoliły na określenie parametrów podłoża koniecznych do bezpiecznego zaprojektowania posadowienia budynku. W drugim przypadku dostępna była mapa górnicza z lokalizacją szybu oraz głównych chodników.