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1
Content available remote Wpływ zmienności składu na właściwości skroplonego gazu ziemnego w aspekcie stabilności procesu magazynowania
Łaciak M., Oliinyk A., Sikora A. P., Włodek T.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2018
|
T. 97, nr 2
267--271
PL
Modelowano właściwości skroplonego gazu ziemnego w zależności od jego składu w celu prognozowania jego zachowania się po wzroście temperatury w zbiornikach magazynowych oraz w trakcie ich napełniania. Opisano zjawisko roll-over zachodzące w czasie magazynowania gazu i polegające na rozwarstwianiu się cieczy o różnych gęstościach.
EN
Properties of liquefied natural gas were modeled according to its compn. to predict its behavior after temp. increase in the storage tanks and during their filling. A roll-over effect during the liquefied natural gas storage consisted in stratification of liqs. of different densities was described.
2
Content available remote Wycieki LNG na powierzchnię wody i zagrożenia z nimi związane
Zabrzeski Ł., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A.
Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
|
2017
|
Nr 4
199--201
PL
Transport LNG metanowcami związany jest ze stale obecnym ryzykiem awaryjnego wycieku skroplonego gazu na powierzchnię wody. Niniejsza praca przedstawia główne parametry związane z wyciekami, wskazujące na możliwą skalę powstałego zagrożenia: maksymalną powierzchnię rozlewiska, bezpieczną odległość od źródła wycieku, emitowane ciepło i czas parowania.
EN
Transport of liquefied natural gas by LNG tankers is strongly connected with risk of spills on the water surface. This work presents main parameters of spills, showing possible scale of the hazard: maximum pool area, safety distance from leakage source, heat of LNG pool fire and evaporation time.
3
Content available remote Próba oceny krajowego bezpieczeństwa zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny
Biały R., Cieślik T., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A., Szurlej A.
Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
|
2017
|
Nr 4
128--130
PL
W artykule porównano znaczenie gazu ziemnego w bilansie energii UE oraz Polski, a także porównano kierunki zaopatrzenia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wydobycia własnego, a także strukturę zużycia gazu w kraju i krajach UE. Przybliżono krajowe inwestycje, które miały przełożenie na bezpieczeństwo zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny. Dokonano próby oceny krajowego bezpieczeństwa zaopatrzenia w gaz ziemny za pomocą wybranych wskaźników.
EN
The article compares the importance of natural gas in the energy balance for the EU and Poland. Furthermore trends in supply, with particular emphasis on own production were compared, as well as the structure of gas consumption in the country and in the EU. National investments, which occurred influential on the security of natural gas supply were presented. An attempt to assess the national security of natural gas supply using certain indicators was made.
4
Content available remote Analiza dokładności obliczeń hydraulicznych przesyłu gazu
Kowalski R., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A., Szurlej A.
Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
|
2017
|
Nr 4
131--133
PL
Istnieje wiele algorytmów matematycznych, których głównym zadaniem jest określenie spadku ciśnienia w gazociągu przesyłowym. W artykule zostały dokładnie przeanalizowane najczęściej stosowane na świecie algorytmy do obliczenia spadku ciśnienia w gazociągach przesyłowych, a uzyskane wyniki obliczeniowe porównano z rzeczywistymi. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ poszczególnych modułów obliczeniowych na dokładność wybranych modeli matematycznych do wyznaczenia spadku ciśnienia w gazociągach przesyłowych.
EN
There are many mathematical algorithms, whose main task is to determine the pressure drop in the transmission pipeline. In the article was carefully analyzed the most used in the world algorithms to calculate pressure drop in transmission pipelines, and the obtained results were compared with actual data. In the article present impact of deferent algorithms on the accuracy of the selected mathematical models to calculation of pressure drop in transmission pipelines.
5
Content available Application of ORC systems at natural gas compression station
Kowalski R., Łaciak M., Liszka K., Oliinyk A., Paszylk P.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
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2017
|
Vol. 34, no. 2
513--530
EN
Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with combustible methane as the main component, the content of which usually exceeds 90. Among the remaining components of natural gas are ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds. Helium can be also found in some natural gas fields. The composition of natural gas depends on, e.g. the field from which the gas comes, and also way in which it is transported, i.e. pipelines, LNG technology. The quality of natural gas is regulated by respective standards. Gas transmission pipelines are the most popular method, dominating on the international gas market, though LNG technology has recently started to play the more and more prominent role. The intensive development of renewable energy sources is accompanied by the development of the Power to gas technology - the electric energy excess is used for the hydrogen production, which can be directed to the existing natural gas network and such a mixture of natural gas and nitrogen is transmitted. At present transmission pipelines for nitride natural gas Ls and Lw exist in Poland. The aim of this paper is analyzing the influence of natural gas admixtures on the operation parameters of transmission pipelines.
6
Content available Analysis of the methods for gas demand forecasting
Apostol R., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A., Szurlej A.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
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2017
|
Vol. 34, no. 2
429--438
EN
Natural gas is a very important and strategic resource. In the structure of the world’s primary energy, its share is currently approx. 25 and according to the forecasts it will continue to grow. In addition, the transition the large cities to gas as the main energy resource is an effective solution for reducing harmful emissions and improving air quality. The trend of increasing consumption of natural gas causes the complex technical issues, especially the need of accurate forecasting the gas demand, design the new distribution networks and modernization of the existing systems of gas supply. This article presents a review of existing methods for gas demand forecasting based on the gas engineering literature analysis and the approach for the forecasting of gas consumption based on the analysis of the gas consumption diagrams of gas station.
7
Content available Wpływ zastosowania paliw alternatywnych w transporcie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem CNG, na ograniczenie emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza
Kuczyński Sz., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Kyć K., Oliinyk A., Szurlej A.
Polityka Energetyczna
|
2016
|
T. 19, z. 3
91--104
PL
Wykorzystanie w transporcie gazu ziemnego jako alternatywnego paliwa ma długą historię, sięga bowiem lat sześćdziesiątych XIX wieku. W okresach kryzysów związanych z niedoborem paliw konwencjonalnych rosło wykorzystanie paliw gazowych w transporcie. Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/94/UE w sprawie rozwoju infrastruktury paliw alternatywnych nakłada na państwa członkowskie obowiązek rozmieszczenia infrastruktury dla ładowania energii elektrycznej oraz stacji tankowania gazu ziemnego w postaci CNG (Compressed Natural Gas – sprę- żony gaz ziemny) i LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas – skroplony gaz ziemny). W artykule przeanalizowano jak kształtowała się emisja głównych zanieczyszczeń pochodzących z transportu drogowego w Polsce w latach 2003−2014. Przeanalizowano zmiany emisji CO2 w wybranych miastach Polski, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem emisji z sektora transportowego. Przybliżono efekty ekologiczne i ekonomiczne związane z eksploatacją autobusów CNG w krakowskim MPK. Podjęto próbę identyfikacji głównych barier rozwoju krajowego rynku CNG oraz przywołano wybrane pozytywne czynniki z krajów UE wspierające rozwój rynku CNG.
EN
The use of natural gas as alternative fuel in the transport sector has a long history and dates back to the 1860s. In the conventional fuel shortage crisis times, fuel gas was frequently used in transport. Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council a on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure obliges EU member states to develop power access hotspots as well as CNG and LNG distribution infrastructure. The emission of major contaminants generated by road transport in Poland from 2003–2014 were analyzed in this paper. The CO2 emissions in major Polish cities were approximated, with a special emphasis on transport as their source. The ecological and economic aspects of CNG buses in Krakow municipal transport were analyzed. Attempts were made to identify major obstacles hindering the development of the CNG market in Poland against the background of positive examples of actions undertaken by some EU countries on behalf of the CNG market.
8
Content available Technological and safety aspects of CNG home fast refueling units
Kuczyński S., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A., Strods R., Szurlej A.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
|
2016
|
Vol. 33, no. 2
425--432
EN
Despite all global economic shifts and the fact that natural gas is recognized worldwide as the main and the leading alternative to oil products in transportation sector, there is a huge barrier to switch passenger vehicle segment to natural gas – the lack of refueling infrastructure for natural gas vehicles. The key to solving that problem and providing barrier breaking refueling infrastructure solution for natural gas vehicles (NGV) is home fast refueling units. It operates using natural gas (methane), which is being provided through gas pipelines at client’s home, and electricity connection point. It enables an environmentally friendly NGV’s home refueling just in minutes. The underlying technology is one stage hydraulic compressor (instead of multistage mechanical compressor technology) which provides the possibility to compress low pressure gas from residential gas grid to 200 bar for its further usage as a fuel for NGVs. More than efficiency and convenience, the direct hydraulic compressor technology provides compelling cost and lifetime advantages as well as superior convenience over other solutions. Aims of this article is to compare technical, technological and safety aspects of home refueling units and estimate a perspectives of natural gas vehicles as an alternative for regular vehicles.
9
Content available Pressure regulating station at actual conditions
Kowalski R., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
|
2016
|
Vol. 33, no. 2
433--446
EN
In order to avoid improper work of some appliances in pressure regulating stations, it is needed to heat up the gas stream before its pressure decrease. This is done by heating system, which consist of natural gas boiler, heat exchanger, pipes and the working medium that circulate in the system (describing in simple terms). Surfaces of thermally uninsulated heating system have temperature above ambient temperature, what could be the cause of heat loss. This paper presents the results of performed calculations, based on data obtained from the test rig, which has been mounted in the working pressure regulating station. Test rig has been designed in such a way, that it is possible to calculate total heat loss of the heating installation and thus determine the energy efficiency of natural gas heating process.
10
Content available An analysis of the changes of the composition of natural gas transported in high-pressure gas pipelines
Janusz P., Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A., Susak A.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
|
2015
|
Vol. 32, no. 4
713--722
EN
Natural gas is one of the major fuels covering home demand for energy. Natural gas consumption has been observed to systematically increase over the last five years. Intensive works are conducted on the development of the national gas network leading to the diversifi cation of directions and sources of blue gas. Natural gas consists of various components. Its composition depends on the source of origin and has a decisive influence on thermodynamic and hydraulic properties. The content of heavy hydrocarbon gases increases the calorific value of the gaseous fuel, whereas the high content of inorganic components lowers the amount of energy obtained in the course of natural gas combustion, and environmentally hazardous chemical compounds are formed. As far as gas transport is concerned, too high content of heavy hydrocarbon gases (propane, butane, pentane) is disadvantageous. In high pressure conditions the C3-C5 class gases change to a liquid phase. This results in the change of the calorific value, lower hydraulic efficiency of the pipeline diameter and potentially faster corrosion processes on the inner surface of the pipeline.This paper is aimed at presenting results of changes of natural gas composition in a function of distance at which the fuel is transported. The respective analyses will be conducted with the use of analytical methods and commercial pipeline simulators.
11
Content available Study of the effect of geometrical parameters of the LNG storage tanks on the process of evaporation of liquefied natural gas
Liszka K., Łaciak M., Oliinyk A.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
|
2014
|
Vol. 31, no. 2
355--365
EN
Storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most important processes taking place during liquefaction which is also significant for the regasification and receiving terminals operation. The task of the tanks lies not only in the safe storage of gas, but also in preventing its evaporation related, among others, to the heat transfer through the walls and roof of the tank. Even a small quantity of heat flowing to the LNG increases its internal energy, conseąuently leading to the evaporation of a certain quantity of LNG. Phase transitions of even small amounts of liquid may cause changes in the composition of both LNG and its density, which may contribute to the formation of stratification of liquefied gas. The geometric parameters of the storage tanks have a very large impact on the amount of heat penetrating the tank: with the increase of its size the surface area of heat transfer increases, too. The dependence of heat penetrating the tank, its geometrie dimensions and the effect of temperature on the stability of the stored LNG are discussed in this paper .
12
Content available Safety technical problems associated with the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Oliinyk A., Łaciak M.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
|
2013
|
Vol. 30, no. 1
181--189
EN
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) due to its extremely favorable properties is considered to be one of the most convenient sources of energy, both the transport, storage and distribution. However, these same properties, and factors which represent the LNG as convenient, such as: a very low temperature (-162 degrees of Celsius), a very large increase in the volume of the evaporation (about 600 times) and also create a potential threats The greatest potential threats are in areas where LNG is a very large quantities for a long period of time. The facts presented above show that there is potentially the greatest threat to the storage of LNG. Leaks, clouds LNG vapor, explosions, low temperature, and "rollover" are the most dangerous potential hazards that occur during storage of LNG. Each of these risks can be avoided. This is achieved by the use of appropriate materials for tanks and equipment, as well as the proper and adequate execution of engineering design at each stage of technology. Proper selection of vessel design and materials, and the use of appropriate methods of combining them decide on a safe and long life tanks.
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